吹脱—生化组合工艺处理尿素废水的技术研究
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摘要
随着我国农业的迅速发展以及化肥工业的兴起,化肥工业尿素废水的排放量急剧增加,由此带来的一系列环境问题突显出来,已引起环保领域和全球范围的广泛重视。
通过筛选、比较,选择合适的工艺处理尿素废水,使尿素废水中的污染物成分含量降到最低,实现达标排放。该工艺由物理处理单元和生物处理单元两部分组成。物理处理单元选择吹脱技术,可去除尿素废水中大部分的NH3-N,降低生物处理的负荷。生物处理单元采用好氧-缺氧-好氧工艺对废水进一步处理,将NH_3-N的含量降到最低。
通过小试的正交试验,分别得出竖向管束填料和球状填料脱氨塔的最佳工艺参数,均为pH值为11.0、气液比为3500∶1、温度为30℃。在最佳条件下,比较了2种填料对吹脱效率的影响。结果表明,竖向管束填料脱氨塔的NH3-N去除率比球状填料脱氨塔的NH_3-N去除率高出约15%,可达90%左右。然后根据小试的最佳工艺参数进行工程调试,综合考虑去除率和经济运行成本,生产运行脱氨塔的最佳工艺参数为pH值为10.5、气液比为3500∶1、温度为废水温度。运行稳定后废水的NH_3-N平均含量由243mg/L降为85mg/L,其吹脱效率可达到65%左右。
采用脱氨塔去除尿素废水中的NH_3-N时,脱氨塔产生的废气中NH_3的浓度为37.5mg/m~3、排放量为4.50kg/h,满足恶臭排放标准要求。通过对NH3扩散浓度预测,结果认为,本装置产生的NH_3无论是厂界浓度值还是居住区浓度值均满足相应的标准要求。
通过对脱氨塔除氮机理的分析,认为竖向管束脱氨塔内为液滴传质,传质的效率高;管束内存在强烈的湍流剪切,可以实现水流的高分散状态,并为实现高传质的工况提供必要条件;而且在竖向管束的气流中充满着高强度的微涡旋,形成了强烈湍动的流态可加速水中的NH_3向空气中的迁移,大幅度增加了传质速率。
将脱氨塔出水用好氧-缺氧-好氧工艺进一步进行生物处理,最终出水的NH3-N和COD含量平均为17.9mg/L和63.8mg/L,平均再去除率分别为72.3%和57.6%。
用尿素废水对“吹脱+好氧-缺氧-好氧生物处理”工艺进行性能测试,数据显示除出水中的氰化物未达到设计要求之外,其它各项指标均达标。
With the rapid development of agriculture and fertilizer industry, quantity of urea wastewater rapidly increased in our country. Environmental problems that brings attached more attention in the field of environmental protection even all the world.
The suitable process treating urea wastewater was confirmed by comparing many ones. Pollutants were removed most efficiently and the effluent can be drained under the standard. The process is consists of physical unit and biological unit.NH_3-N in urea wastewater mostly was removed by air stripping as the physical unit and reduced the load of the biological unit. The wastewater was treated further by aerobic-anoxic-aerobic biological process as the biological unit and the content ofNH_3-N was reduced the most lowness.
By the orthogonal experiments the optimum parameters of removingNH_3-N in pipe packed stripper and ball packed stripper are obtained that the value of pH, air-liquid ratio and temperature is 11.0, 3500, and 30℃respectively. The influence of the two different fillers to the removal rate is compared under the optimum conditions. The result shows that the removal rate ofNH_3-N in pipe packed stripper is 90%, higher than in ball packed stripper by about 15%. Based on the results we have carried out further study in plant plant. The optimum parameters in plant plant are obtained that the value of pH, air-liquid ratio and temperature is 10.5, 3500, and the same as wastewater respectively. The content ofNH_3-N was reduced from 243mg/L to 85mg/L by air stripping and the removal rate can reach about 65%.
TheNH_3 concentration of off gas from ammonia stripper is 37.5mg/m3 and the emmission is 4.50kg/h under emission standards for odor pollutants. The results indicate that the concentration of plant boundary or habitation can meet the standard respectively.
It was found that the high mass-transfer efficiency was due to drop mass transfer through mechanism analysis of the removal ofNH_3 in pipe packed stripper. The strong turbulent shear can bring high dispersion of wastewater current in the pipes and make it possible to transfer efficiently. The strong
通过筛选、比较,选择合适的工艺处理尿素废水,使尿素废水中的污染物成分含量降到最低,实现达标排放。该工艺由物理处理单元和生物处理单元两部分组成。物理处理单元选择吹脱技术,可去除尿素废水中大部分的NH3-N,降低生物处理的负荷。生物处理单元采用好氧-缺氧-好氧工艺对废水进一步处理,将NH_3-N的含量降到最低。
通过小试的正交试验,分别得出竖向管束填料和球状填料脱氨塔的最佳工艺参数,均为pH值为11.0、气液比为3500∶1、温度为30℃。在最佳条件下,比较了2种填料对吹脱效率的影响。结果表明,竖向管束填料脱氨塔的NH3-N去除率比球状填料脱氨塔的NH_3-N去除率高出约15%,可达90%左右。然后根据小试的最佳工艺参数进行工程调试,综合考虑去除率和经济运行成本,生产运行脱氨塔的最佳工艺参数为pH值为10.5、气液比为3500∶1、温度为废水温度。运行稳定后废水的NH_3-N平均含量由243mg/L降为85mg/L,其吹脱效率可达到65%左右。
采用脱氨塔去除尿素废水中的NH_3-N时,脱氨塔产生的废气中NH_3的浓度为37.5mg/m~3、排放量为4.50kg/h,满足恶臭排放标准要求。通过对NH3扩散浓度预测,结果认为,本装置产生的NH_3无论是厂界浓度值还是居住区浓度值均满足相应的标准要求。
通过对脱氨塔除氮机理的分析,认为竖向管束脱氨塔内为液滴传质,传质的效率高;管束内存在强烈的湍流剪切,可以实现水流的高分散状态,并为实现高传质的工况提供必要条件;而且在竖向管束的气流中充满着高强度的微涡旋,形成了强烈湍动的流态可加速水中的NH_3向空气中的迁移,大幅度增加了传质速率。
将脱氨塔出水用好氧-缺氧-好氧工艺进一步进行生物处理,最终出水的NH3-N和COD含量平均为17.9mg/L和63.8mg/L,平均再去除率分别为72.3%和57.6%。
用尿素废水对“吹脱+好氧-缺氧-好氧生物处理”工艺进行性能测试,数据显示除出水中的氰化物未达到设计要求之外,其它各项指标均达标。
With the rapid development of agriculture and fertilizer industry, quantity of urea wastewater rapidly increased in our country. Environmental problems that brings attached more attention in the field of environmental protection even all the world.
The suitable process treating urea wastewater was confirmed by comparing many ones. Pollutants were removed most efficiently and the effluent can be drained under the standard. The process is consists of physical unit and biological unit.NH_3-N in urea wastewater mostly was removed by air stripping as the physical unit and reduced the load of the biological unit. The wastewater was treated further by aerobic-anoxic-aerobic biological process as the biological unit and the content ofNH_3-N was reduced the most lowness.
By the orthogonal experiments the optimum parameters of removingNH_3-N in pipe packed stripper and ball packed stripper are obtained that the value of pH, air-liquid ratio and temperature is 11.0, 3500, and 30℃respectively. The influence of the two different fillers to the removal rate is compared under the optimum conditions. The result shows that the removal rate ofNH_3-N in pipe packed stripper is 90%, higher than in ball packed stripper by about 15%. Based on the results we have carried out further study in plant plant. The optimum parameters in plant plant are obtained that the value of pH, air-liquid ratio and temperature is 10.5, 3500, and the same as wastewater respectively. The content ofNH_3-N was reduced from 243mg/L to 85mg/L by air stripping and the removal rate can reach about 65%.
TheNH_3 concentration of off gas from ammonia stripper is 37.5mg/m3 and the emmission is 4.50kg/h under emission standards for odor pollutants. The results indicate that the concentration of plant boundary or habitation can meet the standard respectively.
It was found that the high mass-transfer efficiency was due to drop mass transfer through mechanism analysis of the removal ofNH_3 in pipe packed stripper. The strong turbulent shear can bring high dispersion of wastewater current in the pipes and make it possible to transfer efficiently. The strong
引文
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9 孙长顺, 金奇庭, 金炎龙. 吹脱法去除铜氨络合废水中氨氮的试验研究. 给水排水. 2006, 32(1): 60~62
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18 Koyuncul, D. Topacck, M. Turan, et al. Application of the Membrane Technology to Control Ammonia in Surface Water. Water Science and Technology in Water Supply. 2001, 1(1): 117~124
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2 胡孙林, 钟理. 氨氮废水处理技术. 现代化工. 2001, 6(6): 47~52
3 宁平, 曾凡勇, 胡学伟. 中高浓度氨氮废水综合处理. 有色金属. 2003, 55(增刊): 130~133
4 邓斌. 利用烟道气处理焦化剩余氨水技术. 环境工程. 2000, 18(3): 17
5 吴方同, 苏秋霞, 孟了等. 吹脱法去除城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液中的氨氮. 给水排水. 2001, 27(6): 20~24
6 倪佩兰, 郑学娟, 徐月恩等. 垃圾填埋渗滤液氨氮的吹脱处理工艺技术研究. 环境卫生工程. 2001, 9(3): 133~135
7 王有乐, 翟钧, 谢刚. 超声波吹脱技术处理高浓度氨氮废水试验研究. 环境污染治理技术与设备. 2001, 2(2): 67~63
8 陈光明. 超重力技术吹脱焦化氨氮废水的试验研究. 煤化工. 2005, 5: 46~48
9 孙长顺, 金奇庭, 金炎龙. 吹脱法去除铜氨络合废水中氨氮的试验研究. 给水排水. 2006, 32(1): 60~62
10 C. Magda, J. Zagorc-Koncan, A. Zgajnar-Gotvajn. The Relationship between Composition and Toxicity of Tannery Wastewater. Water Science and Technology. 2004, 49(1): 39~46
11 H. M. Janus, H. F. Van der Roest. Don’t Reject the Idea of Treating Reject Water. Water Science and Technology. 1997, 35(10): 27~34
12 I. Kabdasli, S. Yilmaz, O. Arikan. Ammonia Removal from Young Land.ll Leachate by Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate Precipitation and Air Stripping. Water Science and Technology. 2000, 41(1): 237~240
13 G. Gonza lez Benito, M. T. Garc a Cubero. Ammonia Elimination from Beet Sugar Factory Condensate Streams by a Stripping Absorption System. Zuckerindustrie. 1996, 121: 721~726
14 August Bonmat, Xavier Flotats. Air Stripping of Ammonia from Pig Slurry: Characterisation and Feasibility as a Pre- or Post-treatment to Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion. Waste Management. 2003, 23: 261~272
15 M. Amblard, R. Burch. Southward a Study of the Mechanism of Selective Conversion of Ammonia to Nitrogen on NilA1203 under Strongly Oxidizing Conditions. Catalysis Today. 2000, 59: 365~371
16 A. C. M. van den Broek, J. van Grondelle, R. A. van Santen. Determination of Surface Coverage of Catalysts: Temperature Programmed Experiments on Platinum and Iridium Sponge Catalysts after Low Temperature Ammonia Oxidation. Journal of Catalysts. 1999, 185: 297~306
17 Tung-Li Huang, M. Jordan, R. Keith Ciiffe. Nitrogen Removal from Wastewater by a Catalytic Oxidation Method. Wat. Res. 2001, 35: 2113~2120
18 Koyuncul, D. Topacck, M. Turan, et al. Application of the Membrane Technology to Control Ammonia in Surface Water. Water Science and Technology in Water Supply. 2001, 1(1): 117~124
19 袁维芳, 王国生, 汤克敏. 反渗透法处理城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液.水处理技术. 1997, 12(6): 25
20 潘旗, 陆晓华. 电渗析法处理氯化铵废水的研究. 湖北化工. 2002, 18(6): 15~16
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