氟碳间二氮杂环戊烯季铵盐合成与抑制油井腐蚀的应用研究
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摘要
在油田开采过程中,由于油井采出液含有大量污水和腐蚀介质,对原油的采、集、输、炼等设备会造成严重腐蚀,导致环境污染和经济损失。寻求有效防止采出液对设备腐蚀的技术,已成为保证油田正常生产的重点和难点。本论文目的是通过对油田采出液腐蚀机理和应用缓蚀剂防腐蚀的缓蚀机理的研究,合成一种多功能,高效、低毒的氟碳间二氮杂环戊烯季铵盐化合物作为油井缓蚀剂主剂,复配其它助剂形成高效的油井采出液缓蚀剂,能够有效、全方位、系统的抑制采出液中腐蚀介质对采、集、输、炼等设备腐蚀。主要结果概括为：
1.通过对油田采出液所含腐蚀介质成份的分析,研究了其对金属设备的腐蚀机理。因采出液的水中溶解有Ca2+、Mg2+、O2、CO2、SO42-、Cl-、HCO3-、H2S、SRB(硫酸盐还原菌)等腐蚀介质,对金属设备进行腐蚀,属于矿物离子引起的电化学腐蚀、细菌参与的微生物腐蚀、以及机械应力腐蚀等机理的交叉腐蚀。
2.根据油田采出液腐蚀机理结果,有针对性的选择缓蚀剂来抑制采出液对设备腐蚀。并根据缓蚀剂的缓蚀机理,设计、研制了具有高效缓蚀、杀菌性能分子结构的氟碳间二氮杂环戊烯季铵盐化合物为缓蚀剂主剂。研究了该化合物的合成机理,质子催化合成工艺,化合物表征。结果表明,以多胺、全氟A酸为原料,以介孔氧化铝钇分子筛负载磷钨酸为催化剂,在130℃,反应9h后,合成了氟碳间二氮杂环戊烯,以紫外光谱法测定其含量,产品收率可达96%。将上步合成的氟碳间二氮杂环戊烯和烷化剂按摩尔比1:1,温度控制在90-100℃之间,反应10小时后即得目标化合物,收率可达84.6%。通过红外光谱,色／质联动、13C核磁共振谱图、对合成物进行表征,分子量为481,与理论完全相符。
3.对合成中间体氟碳间二氮杂环戊烯所用介孔氧化铝钇分子筛负载磷钨酸催化剂的合成工艺进行了研究。以尿素为沉淀剂,SDS为模板剂,采用均相沉淀法制备的介孔氧化铝钇分子筛负载磷钨酸催化剂,产品的比表面积大(627.43m2/g),孔径分布窄(集中在5nm左右),且孔道大小均匀、形状规整。通过成熟的间二氮杂环戊烯合成反应工艺验证了该催化剂具有较强的催化活性,为氟碳间二氮杂环戊烯的合成提供了理论基础。
4.为了快速、定量测试氟碳间二氮杂环戊烯中间体的含量,利用其在波长210nm紫外区处有最大吸收这一特性,研究了一种紫外光谱法测试方法。氟碳间二氮杂环戊烯的吸光度与其在0.005～0.030mg/mL浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数R2=0.99882。平均回收率为99.72%,相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.8-2.0%之间,可以用于日常生产的质量控制。
5.氟碳间二氮杂环戊烯季铵盐化合物是一个新的化合物,本文对其物化特性进行了测试。该化合物在加热到220℃时,开始进行开链分解,400℃完全分解,有较高的热稳定性。添加量为水的万分之五的情况下,就可使水的表面张力由81.6mN/M降到22.04mN/m。其临界胶束浓度(CMC)为100mg/L。该氟碳间二氮杂环戊烯季铵盐在硫酸,和硫酸、氧化铬的混合液(98%硫酸／氧化铬=100/1),碱性(饱和NaOH水溶液)等溶液中放置10天,表面张力无变化,说明该化合物有较强的化学稳定性。
6.氟碳间二氮杂环戊烯季铵盐对于硫酸盐还原菌的具有优良的杀菌性能。本文将该化合物与1227、异噻唑啉酮、碳氢间二氮杂环戊烯季铵盐做了比较试验,该化合物杀菌效率最高。添加量为30mg/L时,就可将硫酸盐还原菌全部杀死,杀菌率达到100%。经过霍恩氏法Wistar大鼠径口急性毒性试验检测,结果显示为LD5o为1046.41mg/kg,说明该化合物为低毒级。
7.本文研究了氟碳间二氮杂环戊烯季铵盐的缓蚀机理,该化合物分子结构中含有伯N,仲N,叔N,季N基团和氟碳疏水基,以及含有苯环的苄基基团等多个中心原子。不但能与金属原子形成配位键,而且能形成多点吸附,形成更稳定的吸附膜。吸附机理符合有机吸附型缓蚀剂所有的吸附机理。其氟碳疏水基有很低的表面张力,可比普通烷烃更有效地阻止腐蚀介质到达金属表面。当添加量为普通缓蚀剂的1/600量时,可使普通缓蚀剂的缓蚀率由64.4%,提高到91.2%,说明其缓蚀效率很高。
8.通过加标回收率法,分析了油田污水中含油、水质硬度、破乳剂等因素对邻菲罗啉分光光度法测定铁含量的结果影响。结果显示,采出水中含油量对该方法检测结果的准确性有较大影响,其原因是油污严重影响了透光率,使测定结果偏大。其余破乳剂、水质硬度、油田污水等因素对测定结果影响不大。
9.通过油田现场应用试验对氟碳间二氮杂环戊烯缓蚀剂抑制采出液腐蚀井下设备的评判来看,加药井比空白井采出液污水中总铁含量明显下降,平均下降率为64.39%-76.80%：失重法结果显示三口井的缓蚀率均大于97%。充分说明利用本研究开发的特种高效缓蚀剂能够有效抑制油井采出液对金属设备的腐蚀,而且说明了采用缓蚀剂来抑制采出液对油井设备的腐蚀是一种行之有效的防腐蚀工艺。
Produced fluid of oil wells contain mass corrosive medium to cause severe corrosion to equipment in the crude oil mining, collecting, transportation, refining. That resulted in economic losses and environmental pollution. Seeking to effectively technology which prevents the produced fluid into corrosion of equipment has become important and difficult to ensure the normal oil production. This paper was focus on, by studied oilfield corrosion mechanism of produced fluid, synthesis of fluorocarbon imidazoline quaternary ammonium salt with multi-functional, efficient, low toxicity. As the main agent in corrosion inhibitor, it compounds other additives form a highly efficient oilfield produced water corrosion inhibitor, which can control effectively, comprehensively, systematic suppression the corrosion of the corrosive medium in produced fluid to equipment in the extraction, collection, transportation, refining of the crude oil.
1. Based on the analysis of corrosion mechanism of corrosive elements to metal equipment contained in the oil produced liquid was studied. Mass mineral salts and O2, CO2, SO42-, Ca2+,Mg2+,Cl-, HCO3-,H2S, SRB (sulfate reducing bacteria) and other corrosive medium dissolved in water of produced fluid corroded metal equipment. Corrosion mechanism was cross-corrosion which involved in electrochemical corrosion caused by mineral ions, and bacteria microorganisms'corrosion, and mechanical stress corrosion.
2. By this corrosion mechanism, the targeted inhibitors were the choice to suppress the corrosion of equipment from the produced fluid. And by anti-corrosion mechanism of inhibitor, fluorocarbon imidazoline quaternary ammonium salt compounds, as the main agent for the inhibitor, were designed. In this paper, the synthesis of the mechanism of proton catalytic synthesis and compound characterization were studied. The results showed that fluorocarbon imidazoline was synthesized with B amine and perfluorooctanoic A acid as the raw material, and mesoporous Al2O3Y supporting HPW as catalyst, reacted for9h in130℃. The yield of the reaction was up to96%. Fluorocarbon imidazoline quaternary ammonium salt was successfully synthesized in the reaction after10hours, and the temperature controlled at90-100℃, mole ratio of fluorocarbon imidazoline and alkylating agent were1:1, the yield was84.6%. The compounds were characterized by IR, GC/MS, NMR spectra, and molecular weight was481, that consisted completely with the theory.
3. In this paper, the synthesis of mesoporous Al2O3Y supported HPW catalyst in preparation of imidazoline was studied. It prepared by homogeneous precipitation with urea as precipitation agent, SDS as template. The product specific surface area was627.43m2/g, and had narrow pore size distribution (concentrated around5nm), and pore size distribution, and regular shape.
4. The fluorocarbon imidazoline has maximum absorption of UV wavelength at235nm.the content of fluorocarbon imidazoline tested by UV was studied Using this feature. There were a good linear relationship between the absorbance of fluorocarbon imidazoline and its concentration range of0.005-0.030mg/mL.The linear correlation coefficient R20.99882. The average recovery was99.72%, relative standard deviation (RSD) was0.8to2.0%, and this test means production can be used for quality controlling in production.
5. Fluorocarbon imidazoline quaternary ammonium salt is a new compound, its physical and chemical properties were studied. The compound was heated up to220℃, the first open chain decomposition was beginning, and degraded completely at400℃. It showed that it has higher thermal stability. With it's dosage in water be0.05%, the surface tension of water could fall to22.04from81.6mN/m. The CMC of is100mg/l. The fluorocarbon imidazoline quaternary ammonium salt was placed in sulfuric acid, and mixture solution (98%sulfuric acid/chromium oxide=100/l), and alkaline (NaOH saturated aqueous solution) for10days. There were no changes in surface tension, which indicated the compound has a strong chemical stability.
6. Fluorocarbon imidazoline quaternary ammonium salt was fine bactericide for sulfate-reducing bacteria. It was compared with1227, isothiazolin ketone, hydrocarbon imidazoline quaternary ammonium salt in sterilization performance, the bactericidal efficiency of compound was the highest. When its dosage was30mg/l, all of sulfate-reducing bacteria could be killed.The sterilization rate reached100%. After Wistar rats trail oral acute toxicity test in Whitethorn's methods showed that the LD50of fluorocarbon imidazoline quaternary ammonium salt was1046.41mg/kg, and the compound is low toxicity grade.
7. The inhibition mechanism of fluorocarbon imidazoline quaternary ammonium salt was discussed in this paper. Because the molecular structure of the compound contains primary N, secondary N, tertiary N, quaternary N and fluorocarbon hydrophobic group, and the benzene ring in benzyl group, that groups made not only the coordination bonds with metal, but also provided the proton to make the adsorption complex with metal surface stronger than the coordination bond. Adsorption mechanism of fluorocarbon imidazoline quaternary ammonium salt meets with all of the adsorption mechanism of organic adsorption inhibitor. The fluorocarbon hydrophobic with low surface tension was more effectively than ordinary paraffin medium reach to the metal surface to prevent corrosion. When its dosage was1/600of general inhibitor, the corrosion inhibition rate increased to91.2%from64.4%. This indicated it had very high inhibition efficient.
8. By the standard addition method, affects on determination of iron content using Phenanthroline spectrophotometer method was anglicized from oil, water hardness, demulsifies and other factors in oil field waste water. The results showed that oil content of produced water had great effect on the accuracy of test of this method. Oil could affect seriously on the light transmittance. While the demulsifier, water hardness, oil field waste water had little effect on the determination of iron content.
9. Fluorocarbon imidazoline quaternary ammonium salt corrosion inhibitor for corrosion of underground equipment was judged by oil field application test. The results showed that the total iron content in the liquid effluent decreased in dosing wells, the average decline rate of64.39%～76.80%than in the blank wells; weight loss results showed that the corrosion inhibition rate were beyond97%in three dosing wells. The application test ensured that the special use of high efficient inhibitors can inhibit corrosion of the oil recovery equipment, and certified the use of inhibitors to suppress the liquid corrosion on the oil recovery equipment was an effective anti-corrosion process.
1.通过对油田采出液所含腐蚀介质成份的分析,研究了其对金属设备的腐蚀机理。因采出液的水中溶解有Ca2+、Mg2+、O2、CO2、SO42-、Cl-、HCO3-、H2S、SRB(硫酸盐还原菌)等腐蚀介质,对金属设备进行腐蚀,属于矿物离子引起的电化学腐蚀、细菌参与的微生物腐蚀、以及机械应力腐蚀等机理的交叉腐蚀。
2.根据油田采出液腐蚀机理结果,有针对性的选择缓蚀剂来抑制采出液对设备腐蚀。并根据缓蚀剂的缓蚀机理,设计、研制了具有高效缓蚀、杀菌性能分子结构的氟碳间二氮杂环戊烯季铵盐化合物为缓蚀剂主剂。研究了该化合物的合成机理,质子催化合成工艺,化合物表征。结果表明,以多胺、全氟A酸为原料,以介孔氧化铝钇分子筛负载磷钨酸为催化剂,在130℃,反应9h后,合成了氟碳间二氮杂环戊烯,以紫外光谱法测定其含量,产品收率可达96%。将上步合成的氟碳间二氮杂环戊烯和烷化剂按摩尔比1:1,温度控制在90-100℃之间,反应10小时后即得目标化合物,收率可达84.6%。通过红外光谱,色／质联动、13C核磁共振谱图、对合成物进行表征,分子量为481,与理论完全相符。
3.对合成中间体氟碳间二氮杂环戊烯所用介孔氧化铝钇分子筛负载磷钨酸催化剂的合成工艺进行了研究。以尿素为沉淀剂,SDS为模板剂,采用均相沉淀法制备的介孔氧化铝钇分子筛负载磷钨酸催化剂,产品的比表面积大(627.43m2/g),孔径分布窄(集中在5nm左右),且孔道大小均匀、形状规整。通过成熟的间二氮杂环戊烯合成反应工艺验证了该催化剂具有较强的催化活性,为氟碳间二氮杂环戊烯的合成提供了理论基础。
4.为了快速、定量测试氟碳间二氮杂环戊烯中间体的含量,利用其在波长210nm紫外区处有最大吸收这一特性,研究了一种紫外光谱法测试方法。氟碳间二氮杂环戊烯的吸光度与其在0.005～0.030mg/mL浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数R2=0.99882。平均回收率为99.72%,相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.8-2.0%之间,可以用于日常生产的质量控制。
5.氟碳间二氮杂环戊烯季铵盐化合物是一个新的化合物,本文对其物化特性进行了测试。该化合物在加热到220℃时,开始进行开链分解,400℃完全分解,有较高的热稳定性。添加量为水的万分之五的情况下,就可使水的表面张力由81.6mN/M降到22.04mN/m。其临界胶束浓度(CMC)为100mg/L。该氟碳间二氮杂环戊烯季铵盐在硫酸,和硫酸、氧化铬的混合液(98%硫酸／氧化铬=100/1),碱性(饱和NaOH水溶液)等溶液中放置10天,表面张力无变化,说明该化合物有较强的化学稳定性。
6.氟碳间二氮杂环戊烯季铵盐对于硫酸盐还原菌的具有优良的杀菌性能。本文将该化合物与1227、异噻唑啉酮、碳氢间二氮杂环戊烯季铵盐做了比较试验,该化合物杀菌效率最高。添加量为30mg/L时,就可将硫酸盐还原菌全部杀死,杀菌率达到100%。经过霍恩氏法Wistar大鼠径口急性毒性试验检测,结果显示为LD5o为1046.41mg/kg,说明该化合物为低毒级。
7.本文研究了氟碳间二氮杂环戊烯季铵盐的缓蚀机理,该化合物分子结构中含有伯N,仲N,叔N,季N基团和氟碳疏水基,以及含有苯环的苄基基团等多个中心原子。不但能与金属原子形成配位键,而且能形成多点吸附,形成更稳定的吸附膜。吸附机理符合有机吸附型缓蚀剂所有的吸附机理。其氟碳疏水基有很低的表面张力,可比普通烷烃更有效地阻止腐蚀介质到达金属表面。当添加量为普通缓蚀剂的1/600量时,可使普通缓蚀剂的缓蚀率由64.4%,提高到91.2%,说明其缓蚀效率很高。
8.通过加标回收率法,分析了油田污水中含油、水质硬度、破乳剂等因素对邻菲罗啉分光光度法测定铁含量的结果影响。结果显示,采出水中含油量对该方法检测结果的准确性有较大影响,其原因是油污严重影响了透光率,使测定结果偏大。其余破乳剂、水质硬度、油田污水等因素对测定结果影响不大。
9.通过油田现场应用试验对氟碳间二氮杂环戊烯缓蚀剂抑制采出液腐蚀井下设备的评判来看,加药井比空白井采出液污水中总铁含量明显下降,平均下降率为64.39%-76.80%：失重法结果显示三口井的缓蚀率均大于97%。充分说明利用本研究开发的特种高效缓蚀剂能够有效抑制油井采出液对金属设备的腐蚀,而且说明了采用缓蚀剂来抑制采出液对油井设备的腐蚀是一种行之有效的防腐蚀工艺。
Produced fluid of oil wells contain mass corrosive medium to cause severe corrosion to equipment in the crude oil mining, collecting, transportation, refining. That resulted in economic losses and environmental pollution. Seeking to effectively technology which prevents the produced fluid into corrosion of equipment has become important and difficult to ensure the normal oil production. This paper was focus on, by studied oilfield corrosion mechanism of produced fluid, synthesis of fluorocarbon imidazoline quaternary ammonium salt with multi-functional, efficient, low toxicity. As the main agent in corrosion inhibitor, it compounds other additives form a highly efficient oilfield produced water corrosion inhibitor, which can control effectively, comprehensively, systematic suppression the corrosion of the corrosive medium in produced fluid to equipment in the extraction, collection, transportation, refining of the crude oil.
1. Based on the analysis of corrosion mechanism of corrosive elements to metal equipment contained in the oil produced liquid was studied. Mass mineral salts and O2, CO2, SO42-, Ca2+,Mg2+,Cl-, HCO3-,H2S, SRB (sulfate reducing bacteria) and other corrosive medium dissolved in water of produced fluid corroded metal equipment. Corrosion mechanism was cross-corrosion which involved in electrochemical corrosion caused by mineral ions, and bacteria microorganisms'corrosion, and mechanical stress corrosion.
2. By this corrosion mechanism, the targeted inhibitors were the choice to suppress the corrosion of equipment from the produced fluid. And by anti-corrosion mechanism of inhibitor, fluorocarbon imidazoline quaternary ammonium salt compounds, as the main agent for the inhibitor, were designed. In this paper, the synthesis of the mechanism of proton catalytic synthesis and compound characterization were studied. The results showed that fluorocarbon imidazoline was synthesized with B amine and perfluorooctanoic A acid as the raw material, and mesoporous Al2O3Y supporting HPW as catalyst, reacted for9h in130℃. The yield of the reaction was up to96%. Fluorocarbon imidazoline quaternary ammonium salt was successfully synthesized in the reaction after10hours, and the temperature controlled at90-100℃, mole ratio of fluorocarbon imidazoline and alkylating agent were1:1, the yield was84.6%. The compounds were characterized by IR, GC/MS, NMR spectra, and molecular weight was481, that consisted completely with the theory.
3. In this paper, the synthesis of mesoporous Al2O3Y supported HPW catalyst in preparation of imidazoline was studied. It prepared by homogeneous precipitation with urea as precipitation agent, SDS as template. The product specific surface area was627.43m2/g, and had narrow pore size distribution (concentrated around5nm), and pore size distribution, and regular shape.
4. The fluorocarbon imidazoline has maximum absorption of UV wavelength at235nm.the content of fluorocarbon imidazoline tested by UV was studied Using this feature. There were a good linear relationship between the absorbance of fluorocarbon imidazoline and its concentration range of0.005-0.030mg/mL.The linear correlation coefficient R20.99882. The average recovery was99.72%, relative standard deviation (RSD) was0.8to2.0%, and this test means production can be used for quality controlling in production.
5. Fluorocarbon imidazoline quaternary ammonium salt is a new compound, its physical and chemical properties were studied. The compound was heated up to220℃, the first open chain decomposition was beginning, and degraded completely at400℃. It showed that it has higher thermal stability. With it's dosage in water be0.05%, the surface tension of water could fall to22.04from81.6mN/m. The CMC of is100mg/l. The fluorocarbon imidazoline quaternary ammonium salt was placed in sulfuric acid, and mixture solution (98%sulfuric acid/chromium oxide=100/l), and alkaline (NaOH saturated aqueous solution) for10days. There were no changes in surface tension, which indicated the compound has a strong chemical stability.
6. Fluorocarbon imidazoline quaternary ammonium salt was fine bactericide for sulfate-reducing bacteria. It was compared with1227, isothiazolin ketone, hydrocarbon imidazoline quaternary ammonium salt in sterilization performance, the bactericidal efficiency of compound was the highest. When its dosage was30mg/l, all of sulfate-reducing bacteria could be killed.The sterilization rate reached100%. After Wistar rats trail oral acute toxicity test in Whitethorn's methods showed that the LD50of fluorocarbon imidazoline quaternary ammonium salt was1046.41mg/kg, and the compound is low toxicity grade.
7. The inhibition mechanism of fluorocarbon imidazoline quaternary ammonium salt was discussed in this paper. Because the molecular structure of the compound contains primary N, secondary N, tertiary N, quaternary N and fluorocarbon hydrophobic group, and the benzene ring in benzyl group, that groups made not only the coordination bonds with metal, but also provided the proton to make the adsorption complex with metal surface stronger than the coordination bond. Adsorption mechanism of fluorocarbon imidazoline quaternary ammonium salt meets with all of the adsorption mechanism of organic adsorption inhibitor. The fluorocarbon hydrophobic with low surface tension was more effectively than ordinary paraffin medium reach to the metal surface to prevent corrosion. When its dosage was1/600of general inhibitor, the corrosion inhibition rate increased to91.2%from64.4%. This indicated it had very high inhibition efficient.
8. By the standard addition method, affects on determination of iron content using Phenanthroline spectrophotometer method was anglicized from oil, water hardness, demulsifies and other factors in oil field waste water. The results showed that oil content of produced water had great effect on the accuracy of test of this method. Oil could affect seriously on the light transmittance. While the demulsifier, water hardness, oil field waste water had little effect on the determination of iron content.
9. Fluorocarbon imidazoline quaternary ammonium salt corrosion inhibitor for corrosion of underground equipment was judged by oil field application test. The results showed that the total iron content in the liquid effluent decreased in dosing wells, the average decline rate of64.39%～76.80%than in the blank wells; weight loss results showed that the corrosion inhibition rate were beyond97%in three dosing wells. The application test ensured that the special use of high efficient inhibitors can inhibit corrosion of the oil recovery equipment, and certified the use of inhibitors to suppress the liquid corrosion on the oil recovery equipment was an effective anti-corrosion process.
引文
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