ABR-人工湿地处理生活污水及改进型ABR的性能研究
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摘要
随着农村经济的发展、农民生活水平的提高,农村生活污水已成为农村污染的主要来源之一,提高农村生活污水的污染防治力度逐渐形成了社会各界共识。
在过去的几十年,中国环境保护工作的重点是城市环境和重点污染源的控制,农村的环境保护工作没有得到充分的重视,加强农村水污染治理和水环境保护已经成为中国环境保护工作中需要重点加强的内容之一。占全国总面积近90%的广大农村,96%的村庄没有排水渠道和污水处理系统,排放的污水大部分未经处理就直接排入附近河道,严重威胁着国家水环境安全。
本文针对农村生活污水的排放及水质特征,对ABR-人工湿地组合工艺处理低浓度生活污水进行了研究,并针对ABR反应器的特点对其进行了结构上的改进,以期获得更好的处理效果,主要内容有：
(?)选择ABR作为污水处理厌氧工艺,人工湿地作为后续好氧处理工艺,分别考察两工艺在处理低浓度生活污水时的最佳工况条件。
(?)探讨ABR-人工湿地组合工艺处理生活污水的效果。
(?)设置两套有效容积相同的ABR,一为传统ABR,一为本课题改进后的ABR。两套装置在同条件下启动运行,分别考察两套装置的启动条件、运行参数以及对污水的处理效果并进行探讨。
本文研究结果表明：
1.ABR反应器处理低浓度生活污水时的最佳HRT为12h。对BOD、SS去除率可分别达到76%、71%、82.6%。另外,BOD/COD由进水时的0.45-0.56增加到出水时的0.53-0.67,提高了废水的可生化性,有利于后续好氧处理。
2.人工湿地进水COD浓度控制在100mg/L,阳光充足的自然条件下时,人工湿地最佳HRT为4d,对COD去除率可稳定在50%以上。
3.ABR-人工湿地组合工艺处理生活污水有理想的处理效果。对COD、BOD、SS及氨氮去除率可分别达到89%、95%、95%、66%,出水各项指标除氨氮外均能稳定达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级B标准。
4.改进型ABR较传统ABR抗冲击负荷能力显著增强；且在一定程度上提高了COD的去除效率。在处理低浓度生活污水时,最佳HRT为9h,低于传统ABR的12h,因此,大大提高了废水的处理效率,对实际应用具有较大的实践意义。
With the development of rural economics and the improvement of living standards, domestic sewage has become the main source of rural pollution. It has been a consensus of all sectors of the community that the prevention of rural domestic sewage should be strengthened.
In the past few decades the main point of environmental protection in China has been urban environment and key pollution source control. Rural pollution was not pay due attention. To strengthen rural water pollution control and water environmental protection has become the emphasis of China's environmental protection. In rural area which takes nearly 90% of the domestic area,96% of the villages do not have drainage and sewage systems, the majority of untreated sewage is discharged directly into nearby rivers, which is a serious threat to the national environmental security.
In this thesis, the treatment of domestic sewage with low concentration using ABR-wetland combined technology was studied. Besides, to get better treatment result, we did structural improvements according to characteristics of ABR reactor. The major contents are:
By selecting ABR as anaerobic process of wastewater treatment, constructed wetlands as a following aerobic treatment process we investigated the two processes in the best working conditions in the treatment of low concentration domestic wastewater.
Effects of ABR-wetland combined process in domestic sewage treatment were discussed.
Two sets of ABR with the same effective volume, a traditional ABR and a topic-based improved ABR were set up. Two devices are run in the same conditions, the starting conditions, operating parameters and the effects of sewage treatment were investigated and discussed. Results are shown as follows:
1. In treating domestic sewage, results showed that the optimum HRT for ABR is 12 hours. The removal rate of COD, BOD and SS can reach up to 76%,71% and 82.6%, respectively. In addition, BOD/COD ratio increased from 0.45-0.56 (influent) to 0.53-0.67 (effluent), which improves the wastewater biodegradability and is conducive to subsequent aerobic treatment.
2. Wetland influent COD concentration was controlled below 100 mg/L. Under natural conditions when sunshine is sufficient, the optimum HRT for the wetland is 4d, and the COD removal efficiency can be stabilized at 50%.
3. ABR-wetland combined process has ideal treatment effect in sewage treatment. The removal rates of COD, BOD, SS and ammonia nitrogen can reach 89%,95%, 95% and 66%, respectively. All indicators above in effluent could meet the I-class B criteria specified in the Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB18918-2002) with the exception of ammonia nitrogen.
Compared with conventional ABR, improved ABR significantly enhanced resistance to impact, and to some extent, improved the COD removal efficiency. When treating domestic sewage at low concentration, the optimal HRT is 9h, which is lower than the conventional ABR (12h). Therefore, improved ABR greatly improves the wastewater treatment efficiency, which has practical applications with practical significance.
在过去的几十年,中国环境保护工作的重点是城市环境和重点污染源的控制,农村的环境保护工作没有得到充分的重视,加强农村水污染治理和水环境保护已经成为中国环境保护工作中需要重点加强的内容之一。占全国总面积近90%的广大农村,96%的村庄没有排水渠道和污水处理系统,排放的污水大部分未经处理就直接排入附近河道,严重威胁着国家水环境安全。
本文针对农村生活污水的排放及水质特征,对ABR-人工湿地组合工艺处理低浓度生活污水进行了研究,并针对ABR反应器的特点对其进行了结构上的改进,以期获得更好的处理效果,主要内容有：
(?)选择ABR作为污水处理厌氧工艺,人工湿地作为后续好氧处理工艺,分别考察两工艺在处理低浓度生活污水时的最佳工况条件。
(?)探讨ABR-人工湿地组合工艺处理生活污水的效果。
(?)设置两套有效容积相同的ABR,一为传统ABR,一为本课题改进后的ABR。两套装置在同条件下启动运行,分别考察两套装置的启动条件、运行参数以及对污水的处理效果并进行探讨。
本文研究结果表明：
1.ABR反应器处理低浓度生活污水时的最佳HRT为12h。对BOD、SS去除率可分别达到76%、71%、82.6%。另外,BOD/COD由进水时的0.45-0.56增加到出水时的0.53-0.67,提高了废水的可生化性,有利于后续好氧处理。
2.人工湿地进水COD浓度控制在100mg/L,阳光充足的自然条件下时,人工湿地最佳HRT为4d,对COD去除率可稳定在50%以上。
3.ABR-人工湿地组合工艺处理生活污水有理想的处理效果。对COD、BOD、SS及氨氮去除率可分别达到89%、95%、95%、66%,出水各项指标除氨氮外均能稳定达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级B标准。
4.改进型ABR较传统ABR抗冲击负荷能力显著增强；且在一定程度上提高了COD的去除效率。在处理低浓度生活污水时,最佳HRT为9h,低于传统ABR的12h,因此,大大提高了废水的处理效率,对实际应用具有较大的实践意义。
With the development of rural economics and the improvement of living standards, domestic sewage has become the main source of rural pollution. It has been a consensus of all sectors of the community that the prevention of rural domestic sewage should be strengthened.
In the past few decades the main point of environmental protection in China has been urban environment and key pollution source control. Rural pollution was not pay due attention. To strengthen rural water pollution control and water environmental protection has become the emphasis of China's environmental protection. In rural area which takes nearly 90% of the domestic area,96% of the villages do not have drainage and sewage systems, the majority of untreated sewage is discharged directly into nearby rivers, which is a serious threat to the national environmental security.
In this thesis, the treatment of domestic sewage with low concentration using ABR-wetland combined technology was studied. Besides, to get better treatment result, we did structural improvements according to characteristics of ABR reactor. The major contents are:
By selecting ABR as anaerobic process of wastewater treatment, constructed wetlands as a following aerobic treatment process we investigated the two processes in the best working conditions in the treatment of low concentration domestic wastewater.
Effects of ABR-wetland combined process in domestic sewage treatment were discussed.
Two sets of ABR with the same effective volume, a traditional ABR and a topic-based improved ABR were set up. Two devices are run in the same conditions, the starting conditions, operating parameters and the effects of sewage treatment were investigated and discussed. Results are shown as follows:
1. In treating domestic sewage, results showed that the optimum HRT for ABR is 12 hours. The removal rate of COD, BOD and SS can reach up to 76%,71% and 82.6%, respectively. In addition, BOD/COD ratio increased from 0.45-0.56 (influent) to 0.53-0.67 (effluent), which improves the wastewater biodegradability and is conducive to subsequent aerobic treatment.
2. Wetland influent COD concentration was controlled below 100 mg/L. Under natural conditions when sunshine is sufficient, the optimum HRT for the wetland is 4d, and the COD removal efficiency can be stabilized at 50%.
3. ABR-wetland combined process has ideal treatment effect in sewage treatment. The removal rates of COD, BOD, SS and ammonia nitrogen can reach 89%,95%, 95% and 66%, respectively. All indicators above in effluent could meet the I-class B criteria specified in the Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB18918-2002) with the exception of ammonia nitrogen.
Compared with conventional ABR, improved ABR significantly enhanced resistance to impact, and to some extent, improved the COD removal efficiency. When treating domestic sewage at low concentration, the optimal HRT is 9h, which is lower than the conventional ABR (12h). Therefore, improved ABR greatly improves the wastewater treatment efficiency, which has practical applications with practical significance.
引文
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[3]马文漪,杨柳燕主编.环境微生物工程[M].南京：南京大学出版社,1998
[4]马有兽,田村学造编著.生物净化环境技术.郭利华,任玉玲译[M].北京：化学工业出版社,1990
[5]苏月来,张建中,谢雨生等.有毒难降解有机物废水处理的生物强化技术[J].环境污染与防治,1998(1)：36-39
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[7]高廷耀,顾国维.水污染控制工程[M].北京：高等教育出版社,1999
[8]贺延龄.废水的厌氧生物处理[M].北京：中国轻工业出版社,1998
[9]中立贤.高浓度有机废水厌氧处理技术[M].北京：中国环境科学出版社,1992
[10]王凯军.低浓度污水厌氧-水解处理工艺[M].北京：环境科学出版社,1991.10-12
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