碘灵芝有机碘的分析及灵芝碘盐的研制
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摘要
灵芝是一种药用价值极高的食用菌,灵芝中含有多种人体所需的氨基酸、有机酸、灵芝多糖等,这些物质可提高机体的免疫力,在临床上常用作抗肿瘤药物；其中灵芝多糖还可用来治疗高血压、冠心病等心血管疾病。
碘是人体必需的微量元素,碘的缺乏将会引起呆小症和甲状腺肿大症,当今人体补碘主要是通过食用加碘盐,主要是无机碘。相对于无机碘,有机碘在补碘效果具有极大的优越性。
试验证实灵芝具有富集碘的功能。经过液态发酵,灵芝菌丝体可将无机的碘(KI)转化有机碘,由富含有机碘的灵芝菌丝体干燥品补碘产品,可实现灵芝的药用价值与补碘双重效果。
通过单因子优化实验,研究由不同碳源和氮源组成的含碘培养基、 KI的添加量及接种量对灵芝菌丝体的生物量的影响。根据实验结果,进行了正交实验得出最佳培养基组合为：黄豆粉2%,蔗糖2%,磷酸二氢钾0.15%,硫酸镁0.10%,碘化钾的添加量为0.3%,最佳接种量为10%左右,温度为25-28℃,转速为140-150r/min,深层液态培养的时间为72-80小时。
本研究对灵芝碘进行了初步成分分析,先对干燥品在110℃下碱水解,将水解液固相萃取,萃取液经高效液相色谱/质谱联用分析,测定结果还不能证实其有机碘成分为3,5-二碘-L-酪氨酸。
液态发酵的富碘灵芝,经干燥后制成粉剂,与食盐混合加工制成灵芝碘盐。
Ganoderma lucidum is a famous and precious Traditional Chinese medicinal materials, Ganoderma lucidum contains many kinds of essential amino acid, organic acid, Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP), and so on. These subtances can enhance the immune power of organism. May be used as antineoplastic drug in its clinical application, Polysaccharide of Ganoderma lucidum is used to cure cardiovascular disease such as hypertension and coronary heart disease, caused by Hyperlipemia and High Blood Fat.
Iodine is a trace element which was necessary for human health, Iodine deficiency will result in enlarged thyroid gland and endemic cretinism. Now the channel of iodine supplementation to body is by eating salt of iodine addition mainly, in which the mode of the existence of iodine is inorganic iodine. As opposed to inorganic iodine, organic iodine shows its great superiority in effect of supplying iodine.
Ganoderma lucidum also have the function of enriching trace element-iodine, by liquid fermentation, Ganoderma lucidum mycelium can concert inorganic iodine(KI) to organic iodine. The dried product of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium which enrich to contain organic iodine may be made into foods could supply iodine. Which may realize both medicinal value and supplement iodine of Ganoderma lucidum.
Using the test of single factor, study the effect on biomass of Ganoderma lucidum which grow in the iodine-containing culture medium composed of different carbon sources, different nitrogen sources,addition of KI,liquid strain quantity of inoculation. According to the single-factor experimental results, conduct an orthogonal experiment and the best combination of medium of liquid fermenting the Ganodorma lucidum mycelium enriching iodine was obtained, It is soybean flour2%, Sucrose2%, KH2PO40.15%, MgSO40.1%, the addition amount of KI is0.3%,The most economically inoculation number is10%, the cultural temperature is25℃,shaker rotate speed is150r/min. As above cultural condition, carry out submerged liquid culture, measure the pH value and determine the dissolved oxygen content of the culture medium and the biomass, reach a conclusion that the biomass of Ganodorma lucidum mycelium was most when submerged liquid cultured about36-48hours.
Analysis is made on the compounds of iodine in the Ganodorma lucidum mycelium accumulating iodine, first the dry goods was alkaline hydrolyzed at110℃, the hydrolysate was carry out by solid phase extraction, the extracted liquid was determined using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Through determinating analysis, we couldn't confirm there were some tyrosine with iodine in Ganodorma lucidum mycelium accumulating iodine..
After liquid fermentation and dried, the Ganodorma lucidum mycelium accumulating iodine was made into powder. And mixed with salt, at last was process into salt containing Ganodorma lucidum mycelium accumulating iodine, achieve change from experiment to Industrialized Production.
碘是人体必需的微量元素,碘的缺乏将会引起呆小症和甲状腺肿大症,当今人体补碘主要是通过食用加碘盐,主要是无机碘。相对于无机碘,有机碘在补碘效果具有极大的优越性。
试验证实灵芝具有富集碘的功能。经过液态发酵,灵芝菌丝体可将无机的碘(KI)转化有机碘,由富含有机碘的灵芝菌丝体干燥品补碘产品,可实现灵芝的药用价值与补碘双重效果。
通过单因子优化实验,研究由不同碳源和氮源组成的含碘培养基、 KI的添加量及接种量对灵芝菌丝体的生物量的影响。根据实验结果,进行了正交实验得出最佳培养基组合为：黄豆粉2%,蔗糖2%,磷酸二氢钾0.15%,硫酸镁0.10%,碘化钾的添加量为0.3%,最佳接种量为10%左右,温度为25-28℃,转速为140-150r/min,深层液态培养的时间为72-80小时。
本研究对灵芝碘进行了初步成分分析,先对干燥品在110℃下碱水解,将水解液固相萃取,萃取液经高效液相色谱/质谱联用分析,测定结果还不能证实其有机碘成分为3,5-二碘-L-酪氨酸。
液态发酵的富碘灵芝,经干燥后制成粉剂,与食盐混合加工制成灵芝碘盐。
Ganoderma lucidum is a famous and precious Traditional Chinese medicinal materials, Ganoderma lucidum contains many kinds of essential amino acid, organic acid, Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP), and so on. These subtances can enhance the immune power of organism. May be used as antineoplastic drug in its clinical application, Polysaccharide of Ganoderma lucidum is used to cure cardiovascular disease such as hypertension and coronary heart disease, caused by Hyperlipemia and High Blood Fat.
Iodine is a trace element which was necessary for human health, Iodine deficiency will result in enlarged thyroid gland and endemic cretinism. Now the channel of iodine supplementation to body is by eating salt of iodine addition mainly, in which the mode of the existence of iodine is inorganic iodine. As opposed to inorganic iodine, organic iodine shows its great superiority in effect of supplying iodine.
Ganoderma lucidum also have the function of enriching trace element-iodine, by liquid fermentation, Ganoderma lucidum mycelium can concert inorganic iodine(KI) to organic iodine. The dried product of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium which enrich to contain organic iodine may be made into foods could supply iodine. Which may realize both medicinal value and supplement iodine of Ganoderma lucidum.
Using the test of single factor, study the effect on biomass of Ganoderma lucidum which grow in the iodine-containing culture medium composed of different carbon sources, different nitrogen sources,addition of KI,liquid strain quantity of inoculation. According to the single-factor experimental results, conduct an orthogonal experiment and the best combination of medium of liquid fermenting the Ganodorma lucidum mycelium enriching iodine was obtained, It is soybean flour2%, Sucrose2%, KH2PO40.15%, MgSO40.1%, the addition amount of KI is0.3%,The most economically inoculation number is10%, the cultural temperature is25℃,shaker rotate speed is150r/min. As above cultural condition, carry out submerged liquid culture, measure the pH value and determine the dissolved oxygen content of the culture medium and the biomass, reach a conclusion that the biomass of Ganodorma lucidum mycelium was most when submerged liquid cultured about36-48hours.
Analysis is made on the compounds of iodine in the Ganodorma lucidum mycelium accumulating iodine, first the dry goods was alkaline hydrolyzed at110℃, the hydrolysate was carry out by solid phase extraction, the extracted liquid was determined using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Through determinating analysis, we couldn't confirm there were some tyrosine with iodine in Ganodorma lucidum mycelium accumulating iodine..
After liquid fermentation and dried, the Ganodorma lucidum mycelium accumulating iodine was made into powder. And mixed with salt, at last was process into salt containing Ganodorma lucidum mycelium accumulating iodine, achieve change from experiment to Industrialized Production.
引文
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[2]Liu J, Kuniyoshi Shimizu, et al. Anti-androgenic activities of the triterpenoids fraction of Ganoderma lucidu[J]. Food Chem,2007,100:1691.
[3]Toshihiro Akihisa, Masaaki Tagata, et al. Oxy-genated lanostane-type triterpenoids from the fungus Ganoderma lucidum[J]. Nat Prod,2005,68:559.
[4]钱竹,徐鹏,章克昌,等.大孔树脂分离提取发酵液中灵芝三萜类物质[J].食品与生物技术学报,2006,25(6)：111.
[5]Ma J Y, Ye Q, Hua Y J, et al. New lanostanoids from the mush-room Ganoderma lucidum[S]. Nat Prod,2002,65:72.
[6]Tianshung Wu, Lishian Shi, Shengchu Kuo. Cytotoxicity of Gan-oderma lucidum triterpenes[J]. Nat Prod,2001,64:1121.
[7]Gao J, Byung-Sun Min, Eun-Mi Ahn, et al. New triterpene al-dehydes, lucialdehydes A-C, from Ganoderma lucidum and their cytotoxicity against murine and human tumor cells [J]. Chem Pharm Bull,2002,50(6):837.
[8]何瑞桃.灵芝的不同生产方式与药效品质关联性研究.2009.四川农业大学硕士学位论文.
[9]Kenji Iwatsuki, Toshihiro Akihisa, Harukuni Tokuda. Lucidenic acids P and Q, methyl lucidenate P, and other triterpenoids from the fungus Ganoderma lucidum and their inhibitory effects on epstein-barr virus activation [J]. Nat Prod,2003,66:1582.
[10]Hueyjen Su, Yihfen Fann, Meiing Chung, et al. New lanostan-oids of Ganoderma tsugae[J]. Nat Prod,2000,63:514.
[11]Peter Kleinwa Chter, Ngo Anh, Trinh Tarn Kiet, et al. Colossola-ctones, new triterpenoid metabolites from a Vietnamese mushroom Ganoderma colossum[J]. Nat Prod,2001.64:236.
[12]Liu J, Kuniyoshi Shimizu, Fumiko Konishi, et al. Anti- andro-genic activities of the triterpenoids fraction of Ganoderma lucidum[J]. Food Chem,2007,100:1691.
[13]胡昭庚.灵芝的功能、药效、生产和开发[J].浙江食用菌.1995.(01).24-26.
[14]戴则林,董昌武.灵芝多糖的生物活性研究进展[J],安徽中医学院学报,2005,24(5)：60-62.
[15]林志彬.灵芝的现代研究[M].北京：北京医科大学中国协和医科大学联合出版社.
[16]宁安红,曹蜻等.灵芝多糖对小鼠肿瘤T细胞胞浆游离Ca2+浓度和胞内pH的影响[J].肿瘤研究与临床,2004,(3)：147-149.
[17]黄艳娟,肖桂林.灵芝三菇药理学作用研究进展[J].中医药导报,2008,14(9)：87-89.
[18]Hongbo HU, Nam-Shik AHN, Xinlin YANG, et al. Ganoderma lucidum extract induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in mcf-7 human breast cancer cell.Int. J. Cancer,2002,102:250-253.
[19]魏文树.灵芝多糖对小鼠超氧化物岐化酶活力的影响[J].中国药理学报,1996,17(2)：174-174.
[20]魏文树,谭建权.云芝多糖对活性氧清除机制的增强作用[J].中国药学杂志,1997,32(4)：199-201.
[21]陶军.灵芝对家兔血小板聚集作用的影响[J].中西医结合杂志,1989,9(12)：733-733.
[22]张卫明,孙晓明等.灵芝孢子粉调节血脂作用研究[J].中国野生植物资源,2001,20(2)：14-16.
[23]陈瑗,周玫.脂质过氧化作用与动脉粥样硬化[J].生物化学与生物物理进展,1989,16(4)279-283.
[24]欧阳谦,刘翠华,陈瑗等.云芝多糖提高实验性动脉粥样硬化家兔抗氧化能力和减轻主动脉粥样硬化斑块[J].第一军医大学学报1998,18(1).8-10.
[25]高林,何继瑞,汤文章.碘缺乏病区成人来临床克汀病调查[J].地方病通报.1992,7(3)59-61.
[26]Hans burgi MD. Iodine excess [J]. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 24(2010) 107-105.
[27]刘会媛,白鹤英.加碘食盐中碘损失的实验研究[J].中国井矿盐,2004(5)：43-45.
[28]迟玉森,何熹,韩丽英等.海带生物活性碘剂及其在碘盐中的应用[J].现代科技,2002(4)：50-51.
[29]Adolf Mostbeck, Guenther Galvan, Peter Bauer, Otto Eber, Khosrow Atefie, Karl Dam,Helmut Feichtinger, Heinz Fritzsche, The incidence of hyperthyroidism in Austria from 1987 to 1995 before and after an increase in salt iodization in 1990[J]. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine,1998,25(4).
[30]Y. Muramatsu, S. Uchida,P. Sriyotha,K. Sriyotha. Some considerations on the sorption and desorption phenomena of iodide and iodate on soil [J]. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 1990,49(1-2).
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