信息行为分析中的认知研究
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摘要
信息行为分析就是对用户的信息搜寻、查找、检索、选择、利用等各项信息行为所做的研究。随着科学技术、社会经济的不断向前发展,用户行为发生的方式与环境也在发生着巨大的变化。因此,用户的信息行为需要重新认识。
本文主要研究群体信息行为对个体信息行为认知的影响;认知因素在用户潜在信息需求转化为信息行为的过程中如何起作用;用户在信息源选择这个认知问题解决的过程中,可采取什么选择策略与方法。
在对国内外专家学者的研究成果进行回顾的基础上,对研究中涉及到的信息行为分析与认知心理学中的基本概念做了简单的解释;论述了个体行为形成过程的认知特点,个体信息行为改变过程的认知动因,以及群体信息行为对个体信息行为的认知影响;分析了潜在信息需求的产生及其转化的必要性与过程;提出了转化过程的认知信息加工观点,并采用流程图来表示这个转化过程;也提出了用户信息源选择的认知问题解决算子——多项Logit算子,并进行计算模拟。最后展望了信息行为分析中认知研究的前景。
Information behavior analysis is the research of information seeking, search, retrieval, selection, and utilization on the part of users. As technology and economy march on, almost everything related to information behavior has gone through great changes. As a result, information behavior has to be re-considered.
Three things are mainly discussed upon in the paper. One is how to view the relationship between the individual and the group he belongs to from the cognitive perspective. One is how cognition takes effect in the realization of latent information needs. Another is what psychological tactic the user can take when he selects an information source from many.
First, an retrospection of famous scholars' research in recent years are made. Then fundamental concepts in information behavior analysis and cognitive psychology are explained as a preparation for the following chapters. Then, the cognitive effects of group information behavior on individual behavior are elaborated in one whole chapter, characteristics of group information behavior and cognitive characteristcs of individual information behavior included. Next, cognitive research on the realization process of latent infomation needs are elaborated, the cognitive information processing viewpoint putforand and one flowchart for the realization summarized. Besides, one tentative flow chart for the realization is also raised. Afterwards, regarding the problem of user information source selection, one operator called multinomial Logit is tentatively put forward. Finally, work in the paper is summarized and prospects of cognition research in information behavior analysis is briefly described.
本文主要研究群体信息行为对个体信息行为认知的影响;认知因素在用户潜在信息需求转化为信息行为的过程中如何起作用;用户在信息源选择这个认知问题解决的过程中,可采取什么选择策略与方法。
在对国内外专家学者的研究成果进行回顾的基础上,对研究中涉及到的信息行为分析与认知心理学中的基本概念做了简单的解释;论述了个体行为形成过程的认知特点,个体信息行为改变过程的认知动因,以及群体信息行为对个体信息行为的认知影响;分析了潜在信息需求的产生及其转化的必要性与过程;提出了转化过程的认知信息加工观点,并采用流程图来表示这个转化过程;也提出了用户信息源选择的认知问题解决算子——多项Logit算子,并进行计算模拟。最后展望了信息行为分析中认知研究的前景。
Information behavior analysis is the research of information seeking, search, retrieval, selection, and utilization on the part of users. As technology and economy march on, almost everything related to information behavior has gone through great changes. As a result, information behavior has to be re-considered.
Three things are mainly discussed upon in the paper. One is how to view the relationship between the individual and the group he belongs to from the cognitive perspective. One is how cognition takes effect in the realization of latent information needs. Another is what psychological tactic the user can take when he selects an information source from many.
First, an retrospection of famous scholars' research in recent years are made. Then fundamental concepts in information behavior analysis and cognitive psychology are explained as a preparation for the following chapters. Then, the cognitive effects of group information behavior on individual behavior are elaborated in one whole chapter, characteristics of group information behavior and cognitive characteristcs of individual information behavior included. Next, cognitive research on the realization process of latent infomation needs are elaborated, the cognitive information processing viewpoint putforand and one flowchart for the realization summarized. Besides, one tentative flow chart for the realization is also raised. Afterwards, regarding the problem of user information source selection, one operator called multinomial Logit is tentatively put forward. Finally, work in the paper is summarized and prospects of cognition research in information behavior analysis is briefly described.
引文
[1]Brenda Dervin. Sense-making theory and practice: an overview of user interests in knowledge-seeking and use[J]. Journal of Knowledge Management,1998,2(12).
[2]T.D.Wilson. Human Information Behavior[J]. Information Science,2000,3(2):49.
[3]Kaulthau C.C. Inside the search process:information seeking from the user's perspective[J]. Journal of the American society for information science,1991,42(5):361～371.
[4]N.J.Belkin. The cognitive viewpoint in information science. Journal of Information Science,1990,(16).
[5]Fidel Etall, R.Fidel, R.K.Davies, M.H.Douglass, J.K.Holder, C.J.Hopkins, E.J.Kushner, B.K.Miyagishima, C.D.Toney. A visit to the information mall: web searching behaviour of high school students[J]. Journal of the American Society for Information Science,1999,(50):24～37.
[6]Heather L.O'Brien, Sonya Symons. The information behaviors and preferences of undergraduate students[J]. Research Strategies,2005,20(4):409～423.
[7]Japhet Otike. The Information Needs and Seeking Habits of Lawyers in England: A Pilot Study[J]. The International Information & Library Review,1999,31(1):19～39.
[8]Denise E.Agosto, Sandra Hughes-Hassell. People, places, and questions: An investigation of the everyday life information-seeking behaviors of urban young adults[J]. Library & Information Science Research,2005,27(2):141～163.
[9]David Nicholas, Paul Huntington, Hamid R.Jamali, Tom Dobrowolski. Characterising and evaluating information seeking behaviour in a digital environment:Spotlight on the 'bouncer'[J]. Information Processing & Management,2007,43(4):1085～1102.
[10]Zhang Jin, Sara Fine. The Effect of Human Behavior on the Design of an Information Retrieval System Interface[J]. International information and library review,1996,28(3):249～260.
[11]朱婕,靖继鹏,窦平安.国外信息行为分析与评价[J].图书情报工作,2005,49(4):48～51.
[12]向建军,陈雪.国外信息查询范式研究[J].新世纪图书馆,2006,(4):11～13.
[13]苏瑞竹.论情报学的认知观点[J].情报科学,2000,18(06):511～514.
[14]贺颖.情报学的认知视角分析[D].天津:天津师范大学,2005.
[15]王颖洁.用户信息能力差异性的认知心理学分析[J].现代情报,2005,(10):110～114.
[16]白晨,甘利人,朱宪辰.基于信息用户决策心智模型的实验研究[J].情报理论与实践,2009,32(10):94～98.
[17]袁留亮,邓小昭.信念与个体的信息查询行为[J].图书情报工作,2009,53(06):33～36.
[18]盖红波,武夷山.潜在情报用户及其转化问题研究[J].情报学报,2001,20(04):421～426.
[19]冯花朴.潜在信息需求转化为信息行为的机理分析[J].现代情报,2009,29(10):11～13.
[20][2009-10-18]http://iihib.pku.edu.cn/
[21]张淑华,朱启文,杜庆东,张辉.认知科学基础[M].北京:科学出版社,2007:03.
[22]陈烜之.认知心理学[M].广州:广东高等教育出版社,2006:354～355.
[23]胡昌平.信息服务与用户研究[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,2005:37.
[24]严怡民.情报学概论[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,1983.
[25]林平.潜在情报需求初探[J].情报学刊,1990,(2).
[26]郑雪.人格心理学[M].广州:广东高等教育出版社,2007:07
[27]陆化普.交通规划理论与方法(第二版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006:117～118.
[28]史忠植.认知科学[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2008:06.
[2]T.D.Wilson. Human Information Behavior[J]. Information Science,2000,3(2):49.
[3]Kaulthau C.C. Inside the search process:information seeking from the user's perspective[J]. Journal of the American society for information science,1991,42(5):361～371.
[4]N.J.Belkin. The cognitive viewpoint in information science. Journal of Information Science,1990,(16).
[5]Fidel Etall, R.Fidel, R.K.Davies, M.H.Douglass, J.K.Holder, C.J.Hopkins, E.J.Kushner, B.K.Miyagishima, C.D.Toney. A visit to the information mall: web searching behaviour of high school students[J]. Journal of the American Society for Information Science,1999,(50):24～37.
[6]Heather L.O'Brien, Sonya Symons. The information behaviors and preferences of undergraduate students[J]. Research Strategies,2005,20(4):409～423.
[7]Japhet Otike. The Information Needs and Seeking Habits of Lawyers in England: A Pilot Study[J]. The International Information & Library Review,1999,31(1):19～39.
[8]Denise E.Agosto, Sandra Hughes-Hassell. People, places, and questions: An investigation of the everyday life information-seeking behaviors of urban young adults[J]. Library & Information Science Research,2005,27(2):141～163.
[9]David Nicholas, Paul Huntington, Hamid R.Jamali, Tom Dobrowolski. Characterising and evaluating information seeking behaviour in a digital environment:Spotlight on the 'bouncer'[J]. Information Processing & Management,2007,43(4):1085～1102.
[10]Zhang Jin, Sara Fine. The Effect of Human Behavior on the Design of an Information Retrieval System Interface[J]. International information and library review,1996,28(3):249～260.
[11]朱婕,靖继鹏,窦平安.国外信息行为分析与评价[J].图书情报工作,2005,49(4):48～51.
[12]向建军,陈雪.国外信息查询范式研究[J].新世纪图书馆,2006,(4):11～13.
[13]苏瑞竹.论情报学的认知观点[J].情报科学,2000,18(06):511～514.
[14]贺颖.情报学的认知视角分析[D].天津:天津师范大学,2005.
[15]王颖洁.用户信息能力差异性的认知心理学分析[J].现代情报,2005,(10):110～114.
[16]白晨,甘利人,朱宪辰.基于信息用户决策心智模型的实验研究[J].情报理论与实践,2009,32(10):94～98.
[17]袁留亮,邓小昭.信念与个体的信息查询行为[J].图书情报工作,2009,53(06):33～36.
[18]盖红波,武夷山.潜在情报用户及其转化问题研究[J].情报学报,2001,20(04):421～426.
[19]冯花朴.潜在信息需求转化为信息行为的机理分析[J].现代情报,2009,29(10):11～13.
[20][2009-10-18]http://iihib.pku.edu.cn/
[21]张淑华,朱启文,杜庆东,张辉.认知科学基础[M].北京:科学出版社,2007:03.
[22]陈烜之.认知心理学[M].广州:广东高等教育出版社,2006:354～355.
[23]胡昌平.信息服务与用户研究[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,2005:37.
[24]严怡民.情报学概论[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,1983.
[25]林平.潜在情报需求初探[J].情报学刊,1990,(2).
[26]郑雪.人格心理学[M].广州:广东高等教育出版社,2007:07
[27]陆化普.交通规划理论与方法(第二版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006:117～118.
[28]史忠植.认知科学[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2008:06.