环境规制对区域技术创新能力影响的实证研究
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摘要
20世纪70年代以来,随着环境污染的日益恶化和人们环境保护意识的增强,环境保护运动开始,同时世界各国政府把加强环境规制、重视技术创新和生态环境之间的关系作为其制定政策时的普遍选择。因此,环境规制是世界各国政府进行规制的一个主要领域。随着经济全球化和知识经济的迅猛发展,全球市场竞争日益激烈,以资源优势为基础的传统经济形态在一国或地区的发展态势中所起的作用逐渐被削弱,地区经济发展越来越依赖于技术创新活动的发展,一国或地区在新的经济格局中立于不败之地的关键因素是技术创新能力。又由于技术创新在解决环境保护与经济发展的权衡中起重要作用,因此理论界一直关注环境规制对技术创新能力的影响问题。广东省作为我国改革开放的先行区和前沿阵地,经济社会发展取得巨大成就,为我国改革开放和现代化建设作出重要贡献,但同样也面临着更为严峻的环境保护和经济发展间的权衡问题。因而,以广东省为例,研究环境规制对区域技术创新能力的影响,为政府提高环境规制政策的质量和水平,提供理论基础和实践依据。
     在此背景下,本文以外部性理论、区域创新能力理论、区域创新环境理论等为基础,主要采用理论分析和实证分析相结合的方法,通过运用计量经济学方法,构建计量经济模型,来研究环境规制对区域技术创新能力的影响。首先,本文通过对环境规制和技术创新的相关理论和相关文献进行回顾;其次,从不同角度对改革开放以来广东省环境规制和技术创新能力的发展状况进行系统分析和总结;然后,构建知识生产函数模型,为消除因变量可能存在的自相关性,按自回归模型进行修正,从实证角度分析环境规制对广东省技术创新能力的影响问题;最后,得出环境规制对该省技术创新能力产生正面影响,根据广东省的具体情况并结合本文分析的实证结果,提出广东省应适当提高环境规制标准与强度。
Since the1970s,with the deteriorating environmental pollution and people's increasedawareness of environmental protection, environmental protection movement began, whilemaking policies, governments around the world take strengthening environmental regulation、emphasis on the relationship between technological innovation and the ecological environmentas their popular choice. Therefore, governments around the world take environmental regulationas one of the major field of regulation. With the rapid development of economic globalizationand knowledge-based economy, global market competition is increasingly fierce, traditionaleconomic shape based on resources advantages to decide a country or region of the developmenttrend of is gradually being weakened, regional economic development is increasingly dependenton technological innovation activities, technological innovation capability is a key factor for acountry or a region in this new economic pattern to remain invincible position. Technologicalinnovation is also an important role to achieve an balance between environmental protection andeconomic development, so the impact of environmental regulation on technological innovationcapability is always a hotspot in theory circle. Guangdong Province-the first area and theforefront of China's reform and opening up, economic and social development has achieved greatachievements, making an important contribution to China's reform and opening up andmodernization, but also facing the trade-off problem between the more severe environmentalprotection and economic development problem. Thus, take Guangdong Province for example, astudy of environmental regulation on regional technological innovation ability to providetheoretical and practical basis for the government to improve the quality and level ofenvironmental regulation policy.
     In this context, this paper is based on the externality theory, the theory of regionalinnovation capability, regional innovation environment theory, mainly using the combination oftheoretical analysis and empirical analysis, this paper uses econometric methods and buildseconometric model to study the impact of environmental regulation on regional technologicalinnovation capacity. Firstly, this paper reviews relevant theory and literature; Secondly, thispaper systematically analyzes and summarizes from a different perspective the developmentstatus of environmental regulation and technological innovation capability of GuangdongProvince; Then, this paper builds knowledge production function model, the autoregressive correction model is constructed to eliminate the autocorrelation of dependent variable, analyzingenvironmental regulation on the ability of technological innovation in Guangdong Province fromthe empirical point; Finally, this paper concluded the impact of environmental regulation on itstechnological innovation ability is positive, according to the specific situation of GuangdongProvince and combined with empirical results, the Guangdong Province should appropriatelyimprove the standard and intensity of environmental regulation.
引文
[1]研究与试验发展(R&D)是指在科学技术领域,为增加知识总量、以及运用这些知识去创造新的应用而进行的系统的、创造性的活动,包括基础研究、应用研究和试验发展三类活动。
    [2]专利是专利权的简称,是对发明人的发明创造经审查合格后,由专利局依据专利法授予发明人和设计人对该项发明创造享有的专有权,包括发明、实用新型和外观设计。发明专利指对产品、方法或者其改进所提出的新的技术方案,主要体现新颖性、创造性和实用性。实用新型专利是指对产品的形状、构造或者其结合所提出的适于实用的新的技术方案。外观设计专利是指对产品的形状、图案、色彩或者其结合所作出的富有美感并适于工业上应用的新设计。
    [3]高新技术产品指符合国家和省高新技术重点范围、技术领域和产品参考目录的全新型产品,或省内首次生产的换代型产品,或国内首次生产的改进型产品,或属创新产品等;具有较高的技术含量、良好的经济效益(利税率应高于20%)和广阔的市场前景。
    [4]帕累托最优是指资源分配的一种状态,在不使任何人境况变坏的情况下,不可能再使某些人的处境变好。
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