板条固体激光器光束净化控制技术研究
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摘要
板条激光器是一种能够方便获得高功率输出的新型激光器，正越来越多地受到各国科研人员的关注。但是，由于在板条固体激光器内存在的热透镜效应，增益介质非均匀性，热致双折射效应，泵浦非均匀性等各种不利因素的影响，最终导致其输出光束的光束质量难以达到设计与应用的要求。为解决这一问题，本文利用自适应光学技术的方法开展了针对板条固体激光器输出光束波前畸变控制的研究。
首先，考虑到板条固体激光器输出光束为长条形，现有的像差描述的方法并不适用于其特点。因此，文章中提出了利用Gram-Schmidt正交化方法并结合圆域内的Zernike多项式，推导出在长条形区域内正交的波前畸变表达方式，并以此建立长条形光束波前校正的理论体系。通过仿真，研究了三种不同变形镜对不同长宽比的长条形光束波前畸变的校正效果，并记录了变形镜的校正电压分布。仿真结果表明，变形镜对于某些空间分布的像差可以获得比较好的校正效果，但同时为数不少的驱动器工作在饱和状态。仿真结果还表明，为充分利用变形镜的校正能力，校正时需对长条形光束的窄方向进行扩束，这也为进行板条激光器光束净化的实验研究奠定了基础。
对于实验室内的MOPA（Master Oscillator Power Amplifier）结构板条固体激光器，测量了其在不同输出功率下条形光束和经柱透镜扩束整形后光束的近场光强分布，并计算了光强均匀性。计算结果表明，在目前的光强均匀性条件下，基于哈特曼传感器的有波前探测自适应光束净化系统不能获得良好校正效果。故提出利用无波前传感器的自适应光束净化系统进行实验研究。仿真分析了该系统远场探测器偏离焦平面对校正结果的影响。并通过实验研究证明了该系统进行光束净化时，远场光斑光束质量在改善的同时，光束的波前畸变也得到了补偿。文中建立了可同时应对连续/脉冲型板条激光输出的自适应光束净化系统，并在板条激光器不同输出功率下进行了一系列实验研究。
在实验过程中发现，受限于变形镜的制造工艺，单一变形镜并不能完全补偿板条固体激光器输出光束的波前畸变。为此，在无波前传感器的光束净化系统基础上，提出一种基于分离模式控制和优化算法的多变形镜控制方法。该方法可以在不增加系统复杂度的前提下，实现多个变形镜的并行控制。文章在大像差条件下，利用双变形镜系统进行了仿真和实验研究。研究结果证明了该方法控制双变形镜的有效性，同时提高了整个系统的校正能力。
Solid-state lasers are currently the dominant class of lasers. Recent years havewitnessed rapid growth in both average and peak powers attainable from solid-statelasers including slab lasers. One of the most important issues in slab lasers’applications is achieving high beam qualities. However, a lot of negative factorsdegrade the beam quality of slab lasers, for example, thermal distortions andnon-uniform distribution of the pump light. To solve these problems, a series oftheoretical and experimental researches on laser beam cleanup with the help ofadaptive optics are presented, especially using deformable mirrors to compensate forthe aberrations of laser beam.
Because of the high aspect ratio of slabs, the shape of output laser beam isrectangular. As orthogonal polynomials necessary for representing phase aberrationsare lacking in such rectangular areas, Zernike polynomials and Gram-Schmidtorthogonalizing method are used to create the orthogonal polynomials. Threedifferent deformable mirrors are used to compensate for the rectangle aberrationswith simulations. Though some aberrations can only be partly corrected, thecorrection capabilities of deformable mirrors are nearly fully used. In order to makea better correction, expansion of the output laser beam in the narrow direction isconsidered. The results of simulations indicate that better corrections are obtainedwith the beam expansion.
The output beams of a slab Master Oscillator Power Amplifier (MOPA) laserchain in laboratory are measured at different output power. The uniformities ofoutput beams are calculated and the results indicate that adaptive optics systems withHartmann-Shack wave-front sensors are improper for this laser beam. In order to getthe wave-front aberration corrected, a wave-front sensor-less adaptive optics systemis introduced. However, some problems need to explain. Simulation results point outthat in these systems, displacement between the far field spot detector and the focalplane of a focusing lens would introduce extra wave-front to deformable mirrors. Awave-front sensor-less beam cleanup system for continuous wave and pulse slablaser is built, and a series of experiments are done at different output power. Theeffectiveness of this beam cleanup system is proved.
In beam cleanup experiments, a single deformable mirror was found unable to fully compensate the aberrations of laser beam. Therefore, an optimization-basedmethod is developed to control two deformable mirrors simultaneously in awave-front sensor-less beam cleanup system. Stochastic parallel gradient decentalgorithm is chosen as the optimization algorithm. In this control method, differentaberrations are assigned to each deformable mirror according to their differentcorrection qualities. The method is proved to be effective by numerical simulationsas well as experiments.
首先，考虑到板条固体激光器输出光束为长条形，现有的像差描述的方法并不适用于其特点。因此，文章中提出了利用Gram-Schmidt正交化方法并结合圆域内的Zernike多项式，推导出在长条形区域内正交的波前畸变表达方式，并以此建立长条形光束波前校正的理论体系。通过仿真，研究了三种不同变形镜对不同长宽比的长条形光束波前畸变的校正效果，并记录了变形镜的校正电压分布。仿真结果表明，变形镜对于某些空间分布的像差可以获得比较好的校正效果，但同时为数不少的驱动器工作在饱和状态。仿真结果还表明，为充分利用变形镜的校正能力，校正时需对长条形光束的窄方向进行扩束，这也为进行板条激光器光束净化的实验研究奠定了基础。
对于实验室内的MOPA（Master Oscillator Power Amplifier）结构板条固体激光器，测量了其在不同输出功率下条形光束和经柱透镜扩束整形后光束的近场光强分布，并计算了光强均匀性。计算结果表明，在目前的光强均匀性条件下，基于哈特曼传感器的有波前探测自适应光束净化系统不能获得良好校正效果。故提出利用无波前传感器的自适应光束净化系统进行实验研究。仿真分析了该系统远场探测器偏离焦平面对校正结果的影响。并通过实验研究证明了该系统进行光束净化时，远场光斑光束质量在改善的同时，光束的波前畸变也得到了补偿。文中建立了可同时应对连续/脉冲型板条激光输出的自适应光束净化系统，并在板条激光器不同输出功率下进行了一系列实验研究。
在实验过程中发现，受限于变形镜的制造工艺，单一变形镜并不能完全补偿板条固体激光器输出光束的波前畸变。为此，在无波前传感器的光束净化系统基础上，提出一种基于分离模式控制和优化算法的多变形镜控制方法。该方法可以在不增加系统复杂度的前提下，实现多个变形镜的并行控制。文章在大像差条件下，利用双变形镜系统进行了仿真和实验研究。研究结果证明了该方法控制双变形镜的有效性，同时提高了整个系统的校正能力。
Solid-state lasers are currently the dominant class of lasers. Recent years havewitnessed rapid growth in both average and peak powers attainable from solid-statelasers including slab lasers. One of the most important issues in slab lasers’applications is achieving high beam qualities. However, a lot of negative factorsdegrade the beam quality of slab lasers, for example, thermal distortions andnon-uniform distribution of the pump light. To solve these problems, a series oftheoretical and experimental researches on laser beam cleanup with the help ofadaptive optics are presented, especially using deformable mirrors to compensate forthe aberrations of laser beam.
Because of the high aspect ratio of slabs, the shape of output laser beam isrectangular. As orthogonal polynomials necessary for representing phase aberrationsare lacking in such rectangular areas, Zernike polynomials and Gram-Schmidtorthogonalizing method are used to create the orthogonal polynomials. Threedifferent deformable mirrors are used to compensate for the rectangle aberrationswith simulations. Though some aberrations can only be partly corrected, thecorrection capabilities of deformable mirrors are nearly fully used. In order to makea better correction, expansion of the output laser beam in the narrow direction isconsidered. The results of simulations indicate that better corrections are obtainedwith the beam expansion.
The output beams of a slab Master Oscillator Power Amplifier (MOPA) laserchain in laboratory are measured at different output power. The uniformities ofoutput beams are calculated and the results indicate that adaptive optics systems withHartmann-Shack wave-front sensors are improper for this laser beam. In order to getthe wave-front aberration corrected, a wave-front sensor-less adaptive optics systemis introduced. However, some problems need to explain. Simulation results point outthat in these systems, displacement between the far field spot detector and the focalplane of a focusing lens would introduce extra wave-front to deformable mirrors. Awave-front sensor-less beam cleanup system for continuous wave and pulse slablaser is built, and a series of experiments are done at different output power. Theeffectiveness of this beam cleanup system is proved.
In beam cleanup experiments, a single deformable mirror was found unable to fully compensate the aberrations of laser beam. Therefore, an optimization-basedmethod is developed to control two deformable mirrors simultaneously in awave-front sensor-less beam cleanup system. Stochastic parallel gradient decentalgorithm is chosen as the optimization algorithm. In this control method, differentaberrations are assigned to each deformable mirror according to their differentcorrection qualities. The method is proved to be effective by numerical simulationsas well as experiments.
引文
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