胃脘痛中医辨证规律与胃镜像及相关指标关系的研究
|
摘要
目的:探讨胃脘痛中医辨证规律及其与相关实验指标的关系。
方法:
1、文献研究:对胃脘痛的相关文献和论文进行综合性研究和统计学分析,了解胃脘痛名称演化、病因病机、辨证分型及其研究进展,确定其较统一的辨证分型及相关实验指标的关系。
2、临床流行病学研究:采用回顾性调查方法,对江西省南昌市900例主诉为胃脘痛的上消化道疾病患者进行统计学调查,探讨其辨证规律、辨证分型及对诊断有统计意义的重要症状。
3、通过对胃脘痛患者HP感染,胃窦粘膜生长抑素含量变化的测定,胃肠运动障碍的胃阻抗运动测试,胃动素放免实验和胃泌酸功能的测定等实验分析,以图探讨其与胃脘痛各证型的关系。
结果:
1、文献研究:综合古今胃脘痛的相关文献,发现古人早就对胃脘痛现象进行过研究,但常常“心痛”与“胃痛”不分,从而使后世对胃脘痛产生分歧,金元医家将其作为独立的名称提出,明清时代对其证治渐趋完善;辨证分型亦多不一致,多建立在临床报道和个人经验基础上,胃脘痛辨证分型方法和辨证思路对临床和科研有一定指导意义,但忽视了证候学的客观性;文献研究以分为胃气壅滞、肝胃气滞、胃中蕴热、肝胃郁热、瘀血阻滞、胃阴不足、脾胃虚寒型为多见,与有关教材分型较一致。
2、流行病学研究:根据变量聚类结果,可将胃脘痛患者症状分为七个证候群;根据多元logistic回归分析和主成分分析结果,可知每一个中医证型诊断上有统计意义的主要症状,并探讨了胃脘痛辨证与辨病的对应关系。
3、实验结果显示:胃脘痛病人感染HP的可能性大于正常对照组;以实证为主的胃脘痛患者胃窦粘膜生长抑素的分泌量显著高于虚证患者及正常对照组;胃泌素分泌与胃的运动关系密切;胃酸分泌量的变化直接影响到食物的消化和吸收。
结论:
1、文献研究,特别是古代文献、现代文献和文献综合系统的评价是中医科研工作的重要任务和方法之一。
2、流行病学回顾性调查是对中医证的规范性进行科学研究的重要手段。
3、聚类分析、多元logistic回归分析和主成分分析,可对中医基本证型的分类研究提供科学依据。
4、现代实验方法有助于对中医证本质的认识。
Objective: To approach the diagnosis based on overall analysis of epigastralgia of traditional Chinese medicine and the relevant experimental index.
Methods:
1. Investigation of literature: general study and statistics analysis on epigastralgia-related literature and essays to keep abreast of the change of the name, pathogenesis, diagnostic pattern and the progress of study for the determination of more unified diagnostic pattern and its relation with relevant experimental index.
2. Clinical epidemiological study: through retrospective study on the 900 cases with chief complaint of epigastralgia in upper alimentary tract in Nanchang to approach the diagnosis and pattern, and the chief symptoms with statistic significance for diagnosis.
3. to study the interrelationship of the syndromes through the measurement and analysis of HP infection, content of gastric mucosa inhibition change, the functional gastrotestinel disorder, the function of motilin and gastric acid.
Results:
1. investigation of literature: Through general study on the ancient and present literature, we found that our forefathers did the research on the epigastralgia early in history. However, they mixed up "cardiac pain" and "stomachache", which leads to disagreement on epigastralgia in later ages. Doctors in Jin and Yuan Dynasties used it as an independent name, the diagnosis and treatment was progressively improved in Ming and Qing Dynasties. The patters were in disagreement, mostly based on clinical reports and personal experience. The patterns and approaches have guiding significance in clinical and scientific research. But the objectivity of diagnosis was neglected. The investigation of literature can be classified as wei qi yong zhi, gan wei qi zhi, wei zhong yun re, gan wei yun re, yu xue zhu zhi, wei yin bu zhu, pi wei xu han, much the same as the classification in relevant textbooks.
2. Epidemiological study: according to the results of clustering analysis, the symptoms can be divided into 7 syndromes. According to the results of multi-logistic analysis and principal components analysis, we know that there are chief symptoms with statistic significance in diagnosing a syndrome pattern, with the study of differentiation of symptoms and signs of epigastralgia.
3. The result of experiment: The patients with epigastralgia is more likely to have HP infection than the normal control group. The secretion of gastric antrum mucosa growth inhibition is significantly more in the cases with sthenia-syndrome than in the cases with asthenia-syndrome and the control group. The gastrin secretion has much to do with the movement of stomach. The change of quantity of the secretion of gastric acid has direct influence on the digestion and absorption of food.
Conclusion:
1. The investigation of literature, especially the general study of ancient and modern literature, is one of the important tasks and approaches in the scientific research of traditional Chinese medicine.
2. The retrospective approach to the clinical epidemiological study has certain scientific significance in standardizing research of syndromes of traditional Chinese medicine.
3. Clustering analysis, multi logistic analysis and principal components analysis are helpful in the differentiation of symptoms and signs of epigastralgia.
4. Modern experimental approaches are helpful for the acknowledgment of the nature of the syndrome.
方法:
1、文献研究:对胃脘痛的相关文献和论文进行综合性研究和统计学分析,了解胃脘痛名称演化、病因病机、辨证分型及其研究进展,确定其较统一的辨证分型及相关实验指标的关系。
2、临床流行病学研究:采用回顾性调查方法,对江西省南昌市900例主诉为胃脘痛的上消化道疾病患者进行统计学调查,探讨其辨证规律、辨证分型及对诊断有统计意义的重要症状。
3、通过对胃脘痛患者HP感染,胃窦粘膜生长抑素含量变化的测定,胃肠运动障碍的胃阻抗运动测试,胃动素放免实验和胃泌酸功能的测定等实验分析,以图探讨其与胃脘痛各证型的关系。
结果:
1、文献研究:综合古今胃脘痛的相关文献,发现古人早就对胃脘痛现象进行过研究,但常常“心痛”与“胃痛”不分,从而使后世对胃脘痛产生分歧,金元医家将其作为独立的名称提出,明清时代对其证治渐趋完善;辨证分型亦多不一致,多建立在临床报道和个人经验基础上,胃脘痛辨证分型方法和辨证思路对临床和科研有一定指导意义,但忽视了证候学的客观性;文献研究以分为胃气壅滞、肝胃气滞、胃中蕴热、肝胃郁热、瘀血阻滞、胃阴不足、脾胃虚寒型为多见,与有关教材分型较一致。
2、流行病学研究:根据变量聚类结果,可将胃脘痛患者症状分为七个证候群;根据多元logistic回归分析和主成分分析结果,可知每一个中医证型诊断上有统计意义的主要症状,并探讨了胃脘痛辨证与辨病的对应关系。
3、实验结果显示:胃脘痛病人感染HP的可能性大于正常对照组;以实证为主的胃脘痛患者胃窦粘膜生长抑素的分泌量显著高于虚证患者及正常对照组;胃泌素分泌与胃的运动关系密切;胃酸分泌量的变化直接影响到食物的消化和吸收。
结论:
1、文献研究,特别是古代文献、现代文献和文献综合系统的评价是中医科研工作的重要任务和方法之一。
2、流行病学回顾性调查是对中医证的规范性进行科学研究的重要手段。
3、聚类分析、多元logistic回归分析和主成分分析,可对中医基本证型的分类研究提供科学依据。
4、现代实验方法有助于对中医证本质的认识。
Objective: To approach the diagnosis based on overall analysis of epigastralgia of traditional Chinese medicine and the relevant experimental index.
Methods:
1. Investigation of literature: general study and statistics analysis on epigastralgia-related literature and essays to keep abreast of the change of the name, pathogenesis, diagnostic pattern and the progress of study for the determination of more unified diagnostic pattern and its relation with relevant experimental index.
2. Clinical epidemiological study: through retrospective study on the 900 cases with chief complaint of epigastralgia in upper alimentary tract in Nanchang to approach the diagnosis and pattern, and the chief symptoms with statistic significance for diagnosis.
3. to study the interrelationship of the syndromes through the measurement and analysis of HP infection, content of gastric mucosa inhibition change, the functional gastrotestinel disorder, the function of motilin and gastric acid.
Results:
1. investigation of literature: Through general study on the ancient and present literature, we found that our forefathers did the research on the epigastralgia early in history. However, they mixed up "cardiac pain" and "stomachache", which leads to disagreement on epigastralgia in later ages. Doctors in Jin and Yuan Dynasties used it as an independent name, the diagnosis and treatment was progressively improved in Ming and Qing Dynasties. The patters were in disagreement, mostly based on clinical reports and personal experience. The patterns and approaches have guiding significance in clinical and scientific research. But the objectivity of diagnosis was neglected. The investigation of literature can be classified as wei qi yong zhi, gan wei qi zhi, wei zhong yun re, gan wei yun re, yu xue zhu zhi, wei yin bu zhu, pi wei xu han, much the same as the classification in relevant textbooks.
2. Epidemiological study: according to the results of clustering analysis, the symptoms can be divided into 7 syndromes. According to the results of multi-logistic analysis and principal components analysis, we know that there are chief symptoms with statistic significance in diagnosing a syndrome pattern, with the study of differentiation of symptoms and signs of epigastralgia.
3. The result of experiment: The patients with epigastralgia is more likely to have HP infection than the normal control group. The secretion of gastric antrum mucosa growth inhibition is significantly more in the cases with sthenia-syndrome than in the cases with asthenia-syndrome and the control group. The gastrin secretion has much to do with the movement of stomach. The change of quantity of the secretion of gastric acid has direct influence on the digestion and absorption of food.
Conclusion:
1. The investigation of literature, especially the general study of ancient and modern literature, is one of the important tasks and approaches in the scientific research of traditional Chinese medicine.
2. The retrospective approach to the clinical epidemiological study has certain scientific significance in standardizing research of syndromes of traditional Chinese medicine.
3. Clustering analysis, multi logistic analysis and principal components analysis are helpful in the differentiation of symptoms and signs of epigastralgia.
4. Modern experimental approaches are helpful for the acknowledgment of the nature of the syndrome.
引文
[1]周一谋,萧佐桃.马王堆医书考注[M].第一版天津:天津科技出版社,1988.39
[2]明·虞抟.医学正传[M].第一版.北京:人民卫生出版社,1965.186
[3]金壅和.胃脘痛辨证论治体会[J].武汉医学杂志,1994,6(3):212
[4]吴鸿宾.胃脘痛中医分型与X线观察所见[J].福建中医药,1981,5:10
[5]徐昌藩.胃脘痛400例临床证候分析[J].江苏.中医杂志,1982,3(6):18
[6]涂福音.胃脘痛分型论治初探[J].福建中医药,1985,4:20
[7]钱佩琼.280例胃脘痛证型调查分析[J].河南中医,1986,1:25
[8]王兆清.脾虚胃脘痛与胃粘膜病变关系初探[J].中医杂志,1984,10:25
[9]吕惠芬.胃脘痛分型与胃镜关系[J].内蒙古中医药,1986,3:32
[10]王寿鹏,王瑞龙,等.胃脘痛的中医辨证与胃粘膜病理改变相关性的临床研究[J].湖北中医杂志,2001,23(1):5-6
[11]朱云华.104例胃脘痛中医证型与病理组织学改革关系初步观察[J].中西医结合杂志,1986,6(7):396
[12]姜国平,张小萍,胡珂,等.胃脘痛辨证与胃镜相关性探讨[J].江西中医学院学报,2001,13(1):1-2
[13]熊红平,吴和木.幽门螺旋杆菌相关性胃炎中医药防治的实验研究进展[J].中文中医网 学术专题
[14]张桂明.魏长春治疗胃脘痛的临床经验.浙江中医杂志,1984,2:55
[15]金敬善,邓新荣,易崇勤.中医胃脘痛的生化多指标研究[J].中国中西医结合脾胃杂志,1995,3(4):201
[16]孙楠,蔡学熙.胃脘病胃电频谱变化的临床观察[J].福建中医药,1997,26(4):40
[17]龚清林.140例胃脘痛胃镜检查结果分析[J].内镜,1996,13(2):117
[18]肖丽春,陈寿菲,黄可成.胃脘痛证型与胃镜诊断关系探讨[J].福建中医药,1999,30(3):4-5
[19]韩凤.胃镜描述慢性胃炎对辨证胃脘痛的提示[J].辽宁中医学院学报,2002,4(4):262
[20]崔闽鲁,林瑞富.胃脘痛内镜检查与中医舌象证型关系探讨[J].福建中医药, 1991,22(2):201
[21]张照兰.380例慢性胃痛病的血液流变学的观察[J].国医论坛,1989,18(6):31
[22]李长生,于红,周祝谦.胃脘痛辨证分型的钡餐观察[J].泰山医学院学报,1993,(4):297-299
[23]吴文尧,马黔,王敏.胃脘痛患者胃液PH值与中医证型关系探讨(附1153例分析)[J].中国中医急症,1996,6(3):274-265
[24]王健民,陈静.胃脘痛内镜检查与中医舌象证型关系探讨[J].福建中医药,1991,22(2):201
[25]田德禄.中医内科学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2003年第一版:177
[26]郑筱萸.中药新药临床研究指导[M].第一版.北京:中国医药科技出版社,2002
[27]朱文锋.中医(辅助)诊疗系统的研究[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2003,9(10):8
[28]中华医学会消化分会2000年井冈山会议制:慢性胃炎分类原则
[29]中华医学会消化分会2000年井冈山会议制慢性胃炎内镜分型原则
[30]陈灏珠.实用内科学[M].第10版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2000
[31]孙振球.医学统计学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2002
[32]金丕焕.医用统计方法[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2002
[33]李增烈.幽门弯曲菌与消化性溃疡.实用内科学[M].北京人民卫生出版社 1989,(8).396
[34]刘明芝.中医药统计学[M].湖南:湖南科技出版社,2000
[35]Marshall BJ,et al.Unidentified curved bacilli in the stomach Of patients with gastritis and peptic ulceration.Lancet,1984,1:131
[36]Goodwin cs,et al.Evaluation of cultural techniques for isolating campylobacter pyloridis from endoscopic biopsies of gastric mucosa[J].J clin pathol,1985,38:1127
[37]谢勇,王崇文.胃十二指肠疾病患者血浆及胃窦粘膜内生长激素的含量变化[J].江西医学院学报,1994,34(4):75-76
[38]蒋祖铭,邵文全.慢性胃炎的中医证型与胃肠激素关系[J].吉林中医药,2003,23(8):10-11
[39]张小萍.胃动力障碍的胃阻抗图谱分析与诊断.江西省卫生厅课题,1999年鉴定.
[40]王承党.胃肠激素对胃运动和排空的调节作用[J].国外医学消化疾病分 册,2001,2(15):77-80
[41]张小萍.功能性消化良的中医辨治体会[J].中医杂志,2000,40(8):227
[42]Konturet Jw et al.Role ofcholecystokin in the contry and secretary response to a fatty meal in normal subjects.Gastroenterology,2000,29(7):583
[43]赵荣莱,功能性消化不良的治疗进展[J].华人消化杂志,1998:6(9):340
[44]孙维峰,重视脾胃升降功能在慢性胃痛治疗中的意义[J].实用中医综合杂志,1999,10(9):876
[45]朱敏恒,刘清华,张新生,等.中药治疗胃溃疡机理的研究[J].实用医学进修杂志,2004,32(1):59-60
[1]朱文锋.常见症状中医鉴别诊疗学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2002年1月第一版
[2]周一谋,萧佐桃.马王堆医书考注[M].天津:天津科技出版社,1988年8月第一版:39
[3]明·虞抟.医学正传[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1965年第一版:186
[4]田德禄.中医内科学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2003年第一版:177
[5]侯俊 消化性溃疡6338例胃镜检查结果分析[J].2001,16(7):580-581
[6]许凌成.溃疡患者的个性研究[J].中华消化杂志,1988(4):239
[7]陈福如.862例慢性胃炎中医病因病机分析[J].江西中医药,1997:28(1)
[8]中国中医药学会.胃脘痛中医诊断疗效评定标准 1989年定
[9]郑筱萸.中药新药临床研究指导[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,20025月第一版
[10]尹思源.慢性胃脘痛证与胃电图、幽门螺旋杆菌感染的关系[J].中国中医基础医学杂志 1997,4(2):34-37
[11]刘圣杰,陈宝清,王云霞.舌诊及幽门弯曲菌与胃脘痛发病关系探讨[J].中西医结合杂志,1990,10(11):677-678
[12]姜国平,张小萍,胡珂.胃脘痛辨证与胃镜相关性探讨[J].江西中医学院学报2001,13(1):1-2
[13]李长生,于红,周祝谦.胃脘痛辨证分型的钡餐观察[J].泰山医学院学报 1993(4):297-299
[14]肖丽春,陈寿菲,黄可成.胃脘痛证型与胃镜诊断关系探讨[J].福建中医药,1999,30(3):4-5
[15]周素芳,邓勇,周德义.不同胃液胃蛋白酶含量及活性的测定[J].广西医科大学学报,2000,17(1):59-60
[16]蒋祖铭,邵文全.慢性胃炎的中医证型与胃肠激素关系[J]吉林中医药 2003,23(8):10-11
[17]刘晋生 危北海 陈飞松.1025例胃脘痛患者舌象于幽门螺旋杆菌关系的探讨.[J]中国中西医结合脾胃杂志、1994:2(2):4-6
[18]曹代娣.胃脘痛的宏观辨证与微观结合的初步探讨[J].辽宁中医杂志。1994,21(2):54-55
[19]曾锦章,张万岱,彭武和.慢性胃炎的中医辨证与胃排空关系研究[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1997,17(10):601-602
[20]张照兰.38例慢性胃炎病人血液流变学观察[J].国医论坛 1989,18(6):31-34
[21]曾大方.《临证指南医案》方案统计分析[J].山东中医学院报 1985,5(1):13-17
[22]张春荣.由方药统计分析《伤寒论》论病性质[J].北京中医学院学报 1987,(5):27
[23]周俭.伤寒论饮食药物统计分析[J].北京中医学院学报 1988,(5):20
[24]谷方芳.猪苓汤证证治规律研究:古今医案119例统计分析[J].实用中医内科杂志 1991,(1):14-15
[25]艾华.麻杏甘石汤证治规律研究:古今医案367例统计分析[J].黑龙江中医药1999,(1):44-46
[26]初杰.吴茱萸证证治规律研究:古今医案246例统计分析.中医杂志1991,(2):15-16
[27]朱文锋.中医(辅助)诊疗系统的研究[J].中国中医基础研究杂志.2003;9(10):8
[28]周德生.明清时期津液亏损病案573例辨证用药统计分析[J].中医药研究1998:14(4):12-14
[29]何永.胃脘痛中医文献与证治研究.山东中医药大学2002届博士论文.
[2]明·虞抟.医学正传[M].第一版.北京:人民卫生出版社,1965.186
[3]金壅和.胃脘痛辨证论治体会[J].武汉医学杂志,1994,6(3):212
[4]吴鸿宾.胃脘痛中医分型与X线观察所见[J].福建中医药,1981,5:10
[5]徐昌藩.胃脘痛400例临床证候分析[J].江苏.中医杂志,1982,3(6):18
[6]涂福音.胃脘痛分型论治初探[J].福建中医药,1985,4:20
[7]钱佩琼.280例胃脘痛证型调查分析[J].河南中医,1986,1:25
[8]王兆清.脾虚胃脘痛与胃粘膜病变关系初探[J].中医杂志,1984,10:25
[9]吕惠芬.胃脘痛分型与胃镜关系[J].内蒙古中医药,1986,3:32
[10]王寿鹏,王瑞龙,等.胃脘痛的中医辨证与胃粘膜病理改变相关性的临床研究[J].湖北中医杂志,2001,23(1):5-6
[11]朱云华.104例胃脘痛中医证型与病理组织学改革关系初步观察[J].中西医结合杂志,1986,6(7):396
[12]姜国平,张小萍,胡珂,等.胃脘痛辨证与胃镜相关性探讨[J].江西中医学院学报,2001,13(1):1-2
[13]熊红平,吴和木.幽门螺旋杆菌相关性胃炎中医药防治的实验研究进展[J].中文中医网 学术专题
[14]张桂明.魏长春治疗胃脘痛的临床经验.浙江中医杂志,1984,2:55
[15]金敬善,邓新荣,易崇勤.中医胃脘痛的生化多指标研究[J].中国中西医结合脾胃杂志,1995,3(4):201
[16]孙楠,蔡学熙.胃脘病胃电频谱变化的临床观察[J].福建中医药,1997,26(4):40
[17]龚清林.140例胃脘痛胃镜检查结果分析[J].内镜,1996,13(2):117
[18]肖丽春,陈寿菲,黄可成.胃脘痛证型与胃镜诊断关系探讨[J].福建中医药,1999,30(3):4-5
[19]韩凤.胃镜描述慢性胃炎对辨证胃脘痛的提示[J].辽宁中医学院学报,2002,4(4):262
[20]崔闽鲁,林瑞富.胃脘痛内镜检查与中医舌象证型关系探讨[J].福建中医药, 1991,22(2):201
[21]张照兰.380例慢性胃痛病的血液流变学的观察[J].国医论坛,1989,18(6):31
[22]李长生,于红,周祝谦.胃脘痛辨证分型的钡餐观察[J].泰山医学院学报,1993,(4):297-299
[23]吴文尧,马黔,王敏.胃脘痛患者胃液PH值与中医证型关系探讨(附1153例分析)[J].中国中医急症,1996,6(3):274-265
[24]王健民,陈静.胃脘痛内镜检查与中医舌象证型关系探讨[J].福建中医药,1991,22(2):201
[25]田德禄.中医内科学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2003年第一版:177
[26]郑筱萸.中药新药临床研究指导[M].第一版.北京:中国医药科技出版社,2002
[27]朱文锋.中医(辅助)诊疗系统的研究[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2003,9(10):8
[28]中华医学会消化分会2000年井冈山会议制:慢性胃炎分类原则
[29]中华医学会消化分会2000年井冈山会议制慢性胃炎内镜分型原则
[30]陈灏珠.实用内科学[M].第10版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2000
[31]孙振球.医学统计学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2002
[32]金丕焕.医用统计方法[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2002
[33]李增烈.幽门弯曲菌与消化性溃疡.实用内科学[M].北京人民卫生出版社 1989,(8).396
[34]刘明芝.中医药统计学[M].湖南:湖南科技出版社,2000
[35]Marshall BJ,et al.Unidentified curved bacilli in the stomach Of patients with gastritis and peptic ulceration.Lancet,1984,1:131
[36]Goodwin cs,et al.Evaluation of cultural techniques for isolating campylobacter pyloridis from endoscopic biopsies of gastric mucosa[J].J clin pathol,1985,38:1127
[37]谢勇,王崇文.胃十二指肠疾病患者血浆及胃窦粘膜内生长激素的含量变化[J].江西医学院学报,1994,34(4):75-76
[38]蒋祖铭,邵文全.慢性胃炎的中医证型与胃肠激素关系[J].吉林中医药,2003,23(8):10-11
[39]张小萍.胃动力障碍的胃阻抗图谱分析与诊断.江西省卫生厅课题,1999年鉴定.
[40]王承党.胃肠激素对胃运动和排空的调节作用[J].国外医学消化疾病分 册,2001,2(15):77-80
[41]张小萍.功能性消化良的中医辨治体会[J].中医杂志,2000,40(8):227
[42]Konturet Jw et al.Role ofcholecystokin in the contry and secretary response to a fatty meal in normal subjects.Gastroenterology,2000,29(7):583
[43]赵荣莱,功能性消化不良的治疗进展[J].华人消化杂志,1998:6(9):340
[44]孙维峰,重视脾胃升降功能在慢性胃痛治疗中的意义[J].实用中医综合杂志,1999,10(9):876
[45]朱敏恒,刘清华,张新生,等.中药治疗胃溃疡机理的研究[J].实用医学进修杂志,2004,32(1):59-60
[1]朱文锋.常见症状中医鉴别诊疗学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2002年1月第一版
[2]周一谋,萧佐桃.马王堆医书考注[M].天津:天津科技出版社,1988年8月第一版:39
[3]明·虞抟.医学正传[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1965年第一版:186
[4]田德禄.中医内科学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2003年第一版:177
[5]侯俊 消化性溃疡6338例胃镜检查结果分析[J].2001,16(7):580-581
[6]许凌成.溃疡患者的个性研究[J].中华消化杂志,1988(4):239
[7]陈福如.862例慢性胃炎中医病因病机分析[J].江西中医药,1997:28(1)
[8]中国中医药学会.胃脘痛中医诊断疗效评定标准 1989年定
[9]郑筱萸.中药新药临床研究指导[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,20025月第一版
[10]尹思源.慢性胃脘痛证与胃电图、幽门螺旋杆菌感染的关系[J].中国中医基础医学杂志 1997,4(2):34-37
[11]刘圣杰,陈宝清,王云霞.舌诊及幽门弯曲菌与胃脘痛发病关系探讨[J].中西医结合杂志,1990,10(11):677-678
[12]姜国平,张小萍,胡珂.胃脘痛辨证与胃镜相关性探讨[J].江西中医学院学报2001,13(1):1-2
[13]李长生,于红,周祝谦.胃脘痛辨证分型的钡餐观察[J].泰山医学院学报 1993(4):297-299
[14]肖丽春,陈寿菲,黄可成.胃脘痛证型与胃镜诊断关系探讨[J].福建中医药,1999,30(3):4-5
[15]周素芳,邓勇,周德义.不同胃液胃蛋白酶含量及活性的测定[J].广西医科大学学报,2000,17(1):59-60
[16]蒋祖铭,邵文全.慢性胃炎的中医证型与胃肠激素关系[J]吉林中医药 2003,23(8):10-11
[17]刘晋生 危北海 陈飞松.1025例胃脘痛患者舌象于幽门螺旋杆菌关系的探讨.[J]中国中西医结合脾胃杂志、1994:2(2):4-6
[18]曹代娣.胃脘痛的宏观辨证与微观结合的初步探讨[J].辽宁中医杂志。1994,21(2):54-55
[19]曾锦章,张万岱,彭武和.慢性胃炎的中医辨证与胃排空关系研究[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1997,17(10):601-602
[20]张照兰.38例慢性胃炎病人血液流变学观察[J].国医论坛 1989,18(6):31-34
[21]曾大方.《临证指南医案》方案统计分析[J].山东中医学院报 1985,5(1):13-17
[22]张春荣.由方药统计分析《伤寒论》论病性质[J].北京中医学院学报 1987,(5):27
[23]周俭.伤寒论饮食药物统计分析[J].北京中医学院学报 1988,(5):20
[24]谷方芳.猪苓汤证证治规律研究:古今医案119例统计分析[J].实用中医内科杂志 1991,(1):14-15
[25]艾华.麻杏甘石汤证治规律研究:古今医案367例统计分析[J].黑龙江中医药1999,(1):44-46
[26]初杰.吴茱萸证证治规律研究:古今医案246例统计分析.中医杂志1991,(2):15-16
[27]朱文锋.中医(辅助)诊疗系统的研究[J].中国中医基础研究杂志.2003;9(10):8
[28]周德生.明清时期津液亏损病案573例辨证用药统计分析[J].中医药研究1998:14(4):12-14
[29]何永.胃脘痛中医文献与证治研究.山东中医药大学2002届博士论文.