对电视军事节目现状及发展的探索研究
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摘要
随着经济建设的发展和人民生活水平的提升,国家的安全、民族的利益,越来越受到人民群众的普遍关注。海湾战争、科索沃战争、9·11事件、伊拉克战争等,使人们越来越感受到战争对和平的威胁。与国防、军队建设有关的话题,不再只是战略家、军事家和国家官员关注的专利,也成为人们日常生活中的话题。国防观念是建设和巩固国防的思想基础,也是增强民族凝聚力、固国兴邦的力量源泉。近年来,我国的国家安全形势和国防建设领域发生了深刻的变化,经济和社会发展也取得巨大成就,电视媒体凭借着其多样化的表现形式与高效的传播途径脱衣而出,在军事文化的传播中发挥着越来越重要的作用。电视军事节目作为大众军事宣传媒体不仅担负着面向广大国民介绍本国的军事情况、讲解军事知识,以及进行国防教育的职责,成为对广大民众进行国防教育的平台,使人们了解党和国家的国防建设方针、政策,明确一个爱国公民在国防事业上必须承担的责任和义务。同时也担负着提高现役军人政治素养、文化修养,传递军事信息、普及军事科技以及丰富军人文化生活的作用。任何一个国家,国家安全都是人民最根本的利益,全民族的国防意识是这一根本利益的潜在保障,而电视军事节目成为在各个层面上宣传培养全民国防意识的平台。但长期的和平环境容易淡化民众的国防观念。更容易让局部人们对忘记过去屈辱的战争血泪史,忘记居安思危,忘记眼前大好形势的来之不易,从而追求安逸,追求无止境的物质生活,忽视对国家及国防力量这一发展后盾的重视,电视军事节目作为为一个具有思想深度和参考价值的信息传播媒介,对激发观众对现代军事和国防发展的兴趣,提高国民的国防意识和培养爱国主义精神起到积极的作用。以“五角大楼电视频道”为例,它是世界上覆盖面积最广的专业军事频道之一,以军事新闻报道和军政信息服务为核心,它的背景同样是美国军方,内容上倚重即时的军事新闻,兼有一定的专题和服务类节目。美国军方投以巨资打造,使其以免费的,开放的播送策略和新闻信息服务,而拥有比商业公司推出的军事纪录片更有影响力。这其中就有很多值得我们学习借鉴的地方,做好节目更加需要多方面的支援和协调来支持。
我国电视军事节目还仍处在发展摸索阶段,存在着许多问题,如栏目题材陈旧,缺乏新意,运营模式不够灵活,运营经费紧缺而导致的人才大量流失,使得节目质量提高缓慢,缺乏和观众的互动,无法抓住观众的心理,导致众口难调。根据这些问题本研究基于对电视军事节目的发展历程,以CCTV-7套为例,分析其优点,发掘更大的潜力同时针对存在的问题进行分析并寻求解决的方法来促进电视军事节目在未来更好的发展。主要内容如下：
引言部分主要介绍本研究选题的背景以及国内外关于电视军事节目发展的关注和重要性,发展状况,介绍本研究的目的和理论价值、实践价值。
第一部分,主要介绍电视军事节目的内涵以及理论基础,包含电视军事节目的定义,节目的分类,最后介绍电视军事节目的作用和意义。
第二部分,通过调查研究的方法来分析当前非正式学习存在的问题,调查主要通过发放问卷、在线调查以及实地访谈考察的方式进行,对象主要选取军人,机关干部,大学生,职业技能培训机构学院以及企事业单位职员,在分析调查数据的基础上总结当前的军事节目存在的问题,通过这样的互动,更多的了解观众的需要。
第三部分,通过受众的反馈,分析出电视军事节目在发展过程中存在的问题,如材陈旧,缺乏新意,运营模式不够灵活,运营经费紧缺而导致的人才大量流失,使得节目质量提高缓慢,缺乏和观众的互动,无法抓住观众的心理。通过例子进行比较。
第四部分,在发展中虽然存在问题,这是必然趋势,通过问题发掘发展优势。
结论部分,通过综上所述,找出解决存在不足的对策,通过深层思考,立足创新,塑造节目主持人新形象,节目改版等方法力求把节目越办越好。
With the development of economic construction and people's living standard improves, national security, national interests, more and more people's attention. The Gulf War, the Kosovo War,9·11 events, the Iraq war, so that there is a growing sense of war a threat to peace. And national defense, military construction-related topic, is no longer a strategist, strategist and state officials concerned about the patent, but also become an everyday topic. Building and consolidating national defense concept is the ideological basis for national defense, but also enhance our national cohesion, the solid source of strength for the country prosper. In recent years, China's national security situation and the field of national defense building has undergone a profound change, economic and social development has also made great achievements in television by virtue of its diverse manifestations and efficient way to strip out the spread, in the military culture of communication is playing an increasingly important role. TV in military programs as the mass media not only shoulder the military propaganda for the majority of the military situation in the national presenting their own to explain the military knowledge, as well as national defense education role as a national defense education for the general population of the platform, so that people understand the party and the country's defense construction guidelines, policies, and clearly a patriotic citizens in the cause of national defense must bear the responsibility and obligations. Also charged with improving military service and political literacy, cultural enrichment, transmission of military information, universal military science and technology and a rich cultural life of the military role. Any one country, and national security are the most fundamental interests of the people of the whole of this nation's national defense awareness of the fundamental interests of the potential of protection, the military shows on TV at all levels, promote the national defense awareness training platform. But the long-term peaceful environment that is apt to weaken people's national defense. It is easy for local people to forget the humiliation of the war-filled history of the past, forget danger, forget the eyes of the hard-earned excellent situation to the pursuit of comfort, the endless pursuit of material life, ignore the power of the state and defense, backed by this development, attention, TV in military programs as the depth and thought as a reference value of information media, to stimulate the audience the development of modern military and national defense interests, improve the national defense awareness and to foster patriotism play a positive role. To "the Pentagon's TV channel" for example, it is the world's most extensive coverage of professional military channel, military news and military information service as the core, its background is also the U.S. military, the content of the military rely heavily on real-time news, both thematic and services to certain programs. The U.S. military to invest heavily to build to make it free of charge, open broadcast policy and news and information services, while commercial companies have introduced more than a military documentaries and more influence. Among these there is a lot we can learn from a place and do shows greater need for a wide range of support and coordination to support.
Our TV is still in the development of the military program also groping stage, there are many problems, such as the old columns theme, the lack of new ideas, business model is not flexible enough, operational funds and manpower caused huge loss of talent, making the quality of programs has slowed, the lack of and the audience interaction, can not grasp the psychology of the audience, resulting in difficult to reach. Based on these questions of this study was based on the television the course of development of military programs in order to CCTV-7 sets an example to analyze its strengths and explore the potential of a larger deal with the problems at the same time analyze and find a solution to promote TV shows in the future of military better development. The main contents are as follows:
Introduction to some major topics of this study describes the background, as well as the military at home and abroad on the television program development concerns and the importance of the development of the situation。
The first part, the main content of television programs, as well as the military rationale, including the definition television in military programs, program classification, the final of television's role and significance of military programs.
The second part, through investigation and research methods to analyze the current informal learning problems, primarily through the issuance of a questionnaire survey, online surveys and field interviews with inspection conducted, mainly to select the soldiers, cadres, students, vocational skills training institute as well as the staff of enterprises and institutions, in the analysis of survey data on the basis of summing up the current problems in the military programs, through such interaction, to learn more about the audience's needs.
The third part, by audience feedback, analyze TV programs in the development process of military problems, such as the old material, lack of new ideas, business model is not flexible enough, operational funds and manpower caused huge loss of talent, making the quality of programs to improve slowly, the lack of interaction and audience can not grasp the psychology of the audience.
The fourth section, although the problems in development, it is an inevitable trend, through the issue of exploring development advantages.
Conclusion, through the above, there is insufficient response to find a solution, through deep thinking, based on innovation。
我国电视军事节目还仍处在发展摸索阶段,存在着许多问题,如栏目题材陈旧,缺乏新意,运营模式不够灵活,运营经费紧缺而导致的人才大量流失,使得节目质量提高缓慢,缺乏和观众的互动,无法抓住观众的心理,导致众口难调。根据这些问题本研究基于对电视军事节目的发展历程,以CCTV-7套为例,分析其优点,发掘更大的潜力同时针对存在的问题进行分析并寻求解决的方法来促进电视军事节目在未来更好的发展。主要内容如下：
引言部分主要介绍本研究选题的背景以及国内外关于电视军事节目发展的关注和重要性,发展状况,介绍本研究的目的和理论价值、实践价值。
第一部分,主要介绍电视军事节目的内涵以及理论基础,包含电视军事节目的定义,节目的分类,最后介绍电视军事节目的作用和意义。
第二部分,通过调查研究的方法来分析当前非正式学习存在的问题,调查主要通过发放问卷、在线调查以及实地访谈考察的方式进行,对象主要选取军人,机关干部,大学生,职业技能培训机构学院以及企事业单位职员,在分析调查数据的基础上总结当前的军事节目存在的问题,通过这样的互动,更多的了解观众的需要。
第三部分,通过受众的反馈,分析出电视军事节目在发展过程中存在的问题,如材陈旧,缺乏新意,运营模式不够灵活,运营经费紧缺而导致的人才大量流失,使得节目质量提高缓慢,缺乏和观众的互动,无法抓住观众的心理。通过例子进行比较。
第四部分,在发展中虽然存在问题,这是必然趋势,通过问题发掘发展优势。
结论部分,通过综上所述,找出解决存在不足的对策,通过深层思考,立足创新,塑造节目主持人新形象,节目改版等方法力求把节目越办越好。
With the development of economic construction and people's living standard improves, national security, national interests, more and more people's attention. The Gulf War, the Kosovo War,9·11 events, the Iraq war, so that there is a growing sense of war a threat to peace. And national defense, military construction-related topic, is no longer a strategist, strategist and state officials concerned about the patent, but also become an everyday topic. Building and consolidating national defense concept is the ideological basis for national defense, but also enhance our national cohesion, the solid source of strength for the country prosper. In recent years, China's national security situation and the field of national defense building has undergone a profound change, economic and social development has also made great achievements in television by virtue of its diverse manifestations and efficient way to strip out the spread, in the military culture of communication is playing an increasingly important role. TV in military programs as the mass media not only shoulder the military propaganda for the majority of the military situation in the national presenting their own to explain the military knowledge, as well as national defense education role as a national defense education for the general population of the platform, so that people understand the party and the country's defense construction guidelines, policies, and clearly a patriotic citizens in the cause of national defense must bear the responsibility and obligations. Also charged with improving military service and political literacy, cultural enrichment, transmission of military information, universal military science and technology and a rich cultural life of the military role. Any one country, and national security are the most fundamental interests of the people of the whole of this nation's national defense awareness of the fundamental interests of the potential of protection, the military shows on TV at all levels, promote the national defense awareness training platform. But the long-term peaceful environment that is apt to weaken people's national defense. It is easy for local people to forget the humiliation of the war-filled history of the past, forget danger, forget the eyes of the hard-earned excellent situation to the pursuit of comfort, the endless pursuit of material life, ignore the power of the state and defense, backed by this development, attention, TV in military programs as the depth and thought as a reference value of information media, to stimulate the audience the development of modern military and national defense interests, improve the national defense awareness and to foster patriotism play a positive role. To "the Pentagon's TV channel" for example, it is the world's most extensive coverage of professional military channel, military news and military information service as the core, its background is also the U.S. military, the content of the military rely heavily on real-time news, both thematic and services to certain programs. The U.S. military to invest heavily to build to make it free of charge, open broadcast policy and news and information services, while commercial companies have introduced more than a military documentaries and more influence. Among these there is a lot we can learn from a place and do shows greater need for a wide range of support and coordination to support.
Our TV is still in the development of the military program also groping stage, there are many problems, such as the old columns theme, the lack of new ideas, business model is not flexible enough, operational funds and manpower caused huge loss of talent, making the quality of programs has slowed, the lack of and the audience interaction, can not grasp the psychology of the audience, resulting in difficult to reach. Based on these questions of this study was based on the television the course of development of military programs in order to CCTV-7 sets an example to analyze its strengths and explore the potential of a larger deal with the problems at the same time analyze and find a solution to promote TV shows in the future of military better development. The main contents are as follows:
Introduction to some major topics of this study describes the background, as well as the military at home and abroad on the television program development concerns and the importance of the development of the situation。
The first part, the main content of television programs, as well as the military rationale, including the definition television in military programs, program classification, the final of television's role and significance of military programs.
The second part, through investigation and research methods to analyze the current informal learning problems, primarily through the issuance of a questionnaire survey, online surveys and field interviews with inspection conducted, mainly to select the soldiers, cadres, students, vocational skills training institute as well as the staff of enterprises and institutions, in the analysis of survey data on the basis of summing up the current problems in the military programs, through such interaction, to learn more about the audience's needs.
The third part, by audience feedback, analyze TV programs in the development process of military problems, such as the old material, lack of new ideas, business model is not flexible enough, operational funds and manpower caused huge loss of talent, making the quality of programs to improve slowly, the lack of interaction and audience can not grasp the psychology of the audience.
The fourth section, although the problems in development, it is an inevitable trend, through the issue of exploring development advantages.
Conclusion, through the above, there is insufficient response to find a solution, through deep thinking, based on innovation。
引文
[1](德)卡尔·冯·克劳塞维茨著.《战争论》(第1、2、3卷),中国人民解放军军事科学院译,北京：商务印书馆,1978版.
[2]李彬.《传播学引论》,北京：新华出版社1993年版.
[3]陆地.《中国电视产业的危机与转机》,北京：中国人民大学出版社,2002年版.
[4]刘华蓉.《大众传媒与政治》,北京：北京大学出版社,2001年版.
[5]鲁杰.《美军心理战争经典故事》,北京：团结出版社,2004版.
[6]刘继南、周积华、段鹏等著.《国际传播与国家形象-国际关系的新视角》,北京：北京广播学院出版社,2002年版.
[7]刘继南、周积华、段鹏等著.《国际战争中的大众传播》,北京：北京广播学院出版社,2004年版.
[8]周鸿铎主编.《政治传播学概论》,北京：中国纺织出版社,2005年版：2.
[9]张洪忠.《大众传播学的议程设置理论与框架理论关系探讨》,《西南民族学院学报(哲学社会科学版)》,2001.10.
[10]周鸿铎主编.《政治传播学概论》,北京：中国纺织出版社2005年版，第4页.
[11]郭镇之.《传播学、‘受众研究、接受分析》.北京广播学院新闻心理学研讨会论文.
[12]李文朝.《军事报道1998年节目荟萃》,济南：黄河出版社,1999年版.
[13]李希光.《畸变的媒体》,上海：复旦大学出版社,2003年版.
[14]陆小华.《重大报道对策》,北京：新华出版社,2000年版.
[15]陆杨、王毅.《大众文化与传媒》,上海：上海三联书店,2001年版.
[16](苏)列兹涅夫等编：《心理战》,张俊英译,长春：吉林人民出版社,1981年版.
[17]梅军.《战争形态的演变与制信息权》北京：解放军出版社,2004年版.
[18](法)阿芒·马特拉著.《世界传播与文化霸权：思想与战略的历史》,陈卫星译,北京：中央编译出版社,2001年版.
[19]李希光,赵心树.((媒介的力量》,广州：南方日报出版社,2002年版.
[20]徐惠忠.《新军事革命分析》,北京：海洋出版社,2000年版.
[21]熊光楷.《国际战略与新军事变革》,北京：清华大学出版社,2003年版.
[22]谢沪,周文.《军队公共关系》,北京：国防大学出版社,2002年版.
[23](加)阿兰·D·英格利施等著.《变化中的战争》,王彦军、戴艳丽、白介民等译,长春：吉林人民出版社,2001年版.
[24]余琦,刘亚.《军事新闻写作》,济南：黄河出版社,1997年版.
[25]杨心恒.《社会学概论》,北京：知识出版社,1997年版.
[26]蒙牛：中国乳业的一面旗帜 民营经济报2008
[27]中国电视军事节目的现状和发展研究 陈朝晖 2006
[28]电视军事新闻宣传强势实现策略探析 赵志刚2001
[29]新军事变革背景下的中国军事新闻传播研究周文2007
[2]李彬.《传播学引论》,北京：新华出版社1993年版.
[3]陆地.《中国电视产业的危机与转机》,北京：中国人民大学出版社,2002年版.
[4]刘华蓉.《大众传媒与政治》,北京：北京大学出版社,2001年版.
[5]鲁杰.《美军心理战争经典故事》,北京：团结出版社,2004版.
[6]刘继南、周积华、段鹏等著.《国际传播与国家形象-国际关系的新视角》,北京：北京广播学院出版社,2002年版.
[7]刘继南、周积华、段鹏等著.《国际战争中的大众传播》,北京：北京广播学院出版社,2004年版.
[8]周鸿铎主编.《政治传播学概论》,北京：中国纺织出版社,2005年版：2.
[9]张洪忠.《大众传播学的议程设置理论与框架理论关系探讨》,《西南民族学院学报(哲学社会科学版)》,2001.10.
[10]周鸿铎主编.《政治传播学概论》,北京：中国纺织出版社2005年版，第4页.
[11]郭镇之.《传播学、‘受众研究、接受分析》.北京广播学院新闻心理学研讨会论文.
[12]李文朝.《军事报道1998年节目荟萃》,济南：黄河出版社,1999年版.
[13]李希光.《畸变的媒体》,上海：复旦大学出版社,2003年版.
[14]陆小华.《重大报道对策》,北京：新华出版社,2000年版.
[15]陆杨、王毅.《大众文化与传媒》,上海：上海三联书店,2001年版.
[16](苏)列兹涅夫等编：《心理战》,张俊英译,长春：吉林人民出版社,1981年版.
[17]梅军.《战争形态的演变与制信息权》北京：解放军出版社,2004年版.
[18](法)阿芒·马特拉著.《世界传播与文化霸权：思想与战略的历史》,陈卫星译,北京：中央编译出版社,2001年版.
[19]李希光,赵心树.((媒介的力量》,广州：南方日报出版社,2002年版.
[20]徐惠忠.《新军事革命分析》,北京：海洋出版社,2000年版.
[21]熊光楷.《国际战略与新军事变革》,北京：清华大学出版社,2003年版.
[22]谢沪,周文.《军队公共关系》,北京：国防大学出版社,2002年版.
[23](加)阿兰·D·英格利施等著.《变化中的战争》,王彦军、戴艳丽、白介民等译,长春：吉林人民出版社,2001年版.
[24]余琦,刘亚.《军事新闻写作》,济南：黄河出版社,1997年版.
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