应用地震属性优化技术研究桩106井区沉积相
摘要
馆上段曲流河沉积的砂岩是良好的储层,困扰石油勘探开发的难点是砂岩空间分布不均匀。如何利用三维地震描述方法寻找储集体物性好的河床微相是提高勘探开发效益的重要手段。曲流河主要包括河床、堤岸、河漫和牛轭湖4个沉积微相,岩石组合为砂泥岩互层,具有“泥包砂”的特点。各沉积微相的地震反射特征为:河床强能量、负极性,堤岸中强能量、负极性和高频,河漫弱能量、极性不固定,牛轭湖最强能量、负极性。地震相宏观描述的水平切片(层拉平水平切片)、三维立体显示和分频扫描技术可快速地识别河床与河漫微相,确定沉积微相精细描述的目标区。地震属性优化组合分析方法可以有效地消除地震方法划分曲流河沉积微相的多解性。利用地震方法精细描述的曲流河沉积微相结果与测井资料吻合较好,说明先宏观、后精细的地震方法描述曲流河沉积微相是行之有效的。
在对桩106井区砂体进行地震属性预测的基础上,进一步确定油气储层的空间展布及其储层参数,在井处建立地震属性与储层岩性、储层流体性质储层参数间的关系,进行储层横向预测,建立油藏模型。应用地震属性优化技术研究桩106井区沉积相,优选出对所求解问题最敏感(或最有效、最有代表性)的属性个数最少的地震属性或地震属性组合,运用降维映射、属性选择和聚类、交会分析等地震属性优化方法,优化出了预测储层的地震属性,同时结合实钻资料运用地质统计学进行定量分析,对优选出的地震属性进行了验证,可以有效地消除地震方法划分曲流河沉积微相的多解性。采用地质统计学原理,如果某种地震属性(如速度等)与含油气饱和度存在着某种统计关系,则可利用这种地震属性平面图转换成孔隙度平面图。采用由地震数据预测孔隙度类似的原理和方法,即借助地震属性(地震属性与储层物性直接相关),引入地震属性优化方法,可能会极大地提高用地震数据预测孔隙度的可靠性与精度。
The sand sedimentated at the upper Guantao group is a better reservoir, but the difficulty for exploration and development is that the sand rock distributes heterogeneously in space. How to find the river bed with better physical property is an important way to improve the benefit of exploration and development. The meander river is including mainly of four sedimentary micro-facies: river bed, bank, overflow and ox-bow lake. The rock is interactive of sand and shale with the characters of shale included sand. The seismic reflection characters of sedimentary micro-facies are: stronger energy and negative polarity of river bed, stronger energy, negative polarity and high frequency of bank, poor energy and uncertain polarity of overflow, strongest energy and negative polarity of ox-bow lake. The river bed and overflow can be identified quickly with techniques of level slice (horizontal level slice), 3D visualization displaying and frequency division scanning; the target described by sedimentary micro-facies is also determined by it. The multiple solutions can be resolved effectively with the seismic attribute optimized and combination. The result gotten by seismic method description is consistent better with the logging data, which proves an effective way of description meander river.
Through Seismic attribute optimized technique research Zhuang 106 area sedimentary facies, optimize seismic attributes or attribute combination for geological character sensitivity. The method is optimize seismic attributes for reservoir research by using depress dimension mapping, classes , variogram analysis. Furthermore, we analyse drilling to confirm these seismic attributes. The multiple solutions can be resolved effectively with the result. The seismic attribute can be convert to porosity if seismic attribute has relationship with porosity according to Geo-statistics principle. The result of porosity using seismic attribute converted can be get more precision.
在对桩106井区砂体进行地震属性预测的基础上,进一步确定油气储层的空间展布及其储层参数,在井处建立地震属性与储层岩性、储层流体性质储层参数间的关系,进行储层横向预测,建立油藏模型。应用地震属性优化技术研究桩106井区沉积相,优选出对所求解问题最敏感(或最有效、最有代表性)的属性个数最少的地震属性或地震属性组合,运用降维映射、属性选择和聚类、交会分析等地震属性优化方法,优化出了预测储层的地震属性,同时结合实钻资料运用地质统计学进行定量分析,对优选出的地震属性进行了验证,可以有效地消除地震方法划分曲流河沉积微相的多解性。采用地质统计学原理,如果某种地震属性(如速度等)与含油气饱和度存在着某种统计关系,则可利用这种地震属性平面图转换成孔隙度平面图。采用由地震数据预测孔隙度类似的原理和方法,即借助地震属性(地震属性与储层物性直接相关),引入地震属性优化方法,可能会极大地提高用地震数据预测孔隙度的可靠性与精度。
The sand sedimentated at the upper Guantao group is a better reservoir, but the difficulty for exploration and development is that the sand rock distributes heterogeneously in space. How to find the river bed with better physical property is an important way to improve the benefit of exploration and development. The meander river is including mainly of four sedimentary micro-facies: river bed, bank, overflow and ox-bow lake. The rock is interactive of sand and shale with the characters of shale included sand. The seismic reflection characters of sedimentary micro-facies are: stronger energy and negative polarity of river bed, stronger energy, negative polarity and high frequency of bank, poor energy and uncertain polarity of overflow, strongest energy and negative polarity of ox-bow lake. The river bed and overflow can be identified quickly with techniques of level slice (horizontal level slice), 3D visualization displaying and frequency division scanning; the target described by sedimentary micro-facies is also determined by it. The multiple solutions can be resolved effectively with the seismic attribute optimized and combination. The result gotten by seismic method description is consistent better with the logging data, which proves an effective way of description meander river.
Through Seismic attribute optimized technique research Zhuang 106 area sedimentary facies, optimize seismic attributes or attribute combination for geological character sensitivity. The method is optimize seismic attributes for reservoir research by using depress dimension mapping, classes , variogram analysis. Furthermore, we analyse drilling to confirm these seismic attributes. The multiple solutions can be resolved effectively with the result. The seismic attribute can be convert to porosity if seismic attribute has relationship with porosity according to Geo-statistics principle. The result of porosity using seismic attribute converted can be get more precision.
引文
[1]赵澄林,等.胜利油区沉积储层与油气.石油工业出版社,1999
[2] Sangree J.B, Vail P R.张宏达译.应用层序地层学[M].北京:石油大学出版社,1991,17-27
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[9]王随继,任明达.根据河道形态和沉积物特征的河流新分类.沉积学报,1999,17(2)
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[12]张延玲,杨长春,贾曙光.地震属性技术的研究和应用.地球物理学进展,2005
[13]佘德平,曹辉,王咸彬.相干数据体及其在三维地震解释中的应用.石油物探,1998,37(4):75~79
[14]王永刚,乐友喜,刘伟,等.地震属性分析技术在储层预测中的应用.石油大学学报,2004,28(1):26~30
[15]陈德坡,柳世成.孤东油田七区西曲流河沉积微相定量识别技术.断块油气田,2003,10(2):16~20
[16]张延章,廖前进,范军侠等.地震微相分析技术在大港滩海探区的应用.2003,30(4):58~60
[17]许慧华,王志高.地震属性分析及其在胜利探区的应用.石油仪器,2002.
[18] Bahorich M and Farmer S. 3D Seismic discontinuity for faults and stratigraphic features:The coherence cube.The Leading Edge ,1995, 14(10):1053~1058
[19]印兴耀,杨凤丽,吴国忱.神经网络在CB油田储层预测和储层厚度计算中的应用.石油大学学报,1998,22(2):17~20
[20]马中高,管路平,贺振华,等.利用模型正演优选地震属性进行储层预测.石油学报,2003,24(6):35~39
[21]刘传虎.陆相湖盆洼陷带浊积砂体岩性油藏地震描述技术.石油物探, 2000,39(4)
[22]陈遵德,陈富贵.地震数据油气预测中的属性优化方法.石油物探,1998,37(4):32~40
[23]席敏红,贝智敏,王允洪,等.地震属性的油气模式识别.海洋石油,2001,28(4):16-22
[24]冯有良,邱以钢.高精度层序地层学在济阳坳陷下第三系勘探中的应用.石油学报,2003,24(1):49~52
[25]刘波,,赵翰卿,王良书,林春明,刘绍文.古河流废弃河道微相的精细描述.沉积学报,2002
[26] Lyons W J,Herrmann F J,Grotzinger J.Singularity analysis:a tool for extracting lithologic and Stratigraphic content from seismic data.71st Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc. Expl.Geophys.Expanded Abstracts,2001.
[27]李玲,冯许魁.用地震相干数据体进行断层自动解释.石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(增刊1):105~111
[28]曹辉.关于地震属性应用的几点认识.勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(5):18~22
[29]谢东,王永刚,乐友喜.地震属性分析技术在子寅油田开发中的应用.石油物探,2003
[30]杨凤丽,张善文,才巨宏等.曲流河砂体的沉积相、测井相、地震相研究及预测.石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(2):171~17
[31]张娥,高书琴,侯成福,等.利用地震属性预测砂岩储集层厚度及含油饱和度.石油勘探与开发,2007,27(1):92~96
[32]何琰,彭文,殷军.利用地震属性预测渗透率.石油学报,2001,22(6):34~36
[33]于建国,林春明,王金铎,等.曲流河沉积亚相的地震识别方法.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(5):547~551
[34]赵翰卿,付志国,吕晓光,等.大型河流—三角洲沉积储层精细描述方法.石油学报,2000,21(4):109~113
[2] Sangree J.B, Vail P R.张宏达译.应用层序地层学[M].北京:石油大学出版社,1991,17-27
[3]胜利油田石油地质志编写组.中国石油地质志(卷六)[M]北京:石油工业出版,1993.52-56.
[4]姚益民,梁鸿德,蔡治国,等.中国油区第三系(IV)—渤海湾盆地油气区分册[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994,48-76
[5] Wright V P, Marriott S.B.The Sequence stratigraphy of fluvial depositional systems the role of Floodplain sediment storage[J].Sedimentary Geology,1993,86:203-210
[6]张善文,才巨宏,吴洪波.埕岛地区馆上段储层地震岩性学研究.石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(增2):123~128
[7]裘亦楠.中国陆相碎屑岩储层沉积学的进展.沉积学报,1992,10(3):16~23
[8]张春生,刘忠保,施东.高弯曲与低弯曲河流比较沉积学研究.沉积学报,2000,18(2):227~233
[9]王随继,任明达.根据河道形态和沉积物特征的河流新分类.沉积学报,1999,17(2)
[10]马世忠,杨清彦.曲流河点坝沉积模式、三维构形及其非均质模型.沉积学报, 2000,18(2) 241~247
[11]唐晓川.地震属性技术研究及其在桑塔木油气勘探中应用.中国地质大学(北京)硕士论文,2002.
[12]张延玲,杨长春,贾曙光.地震属性技术的研究和应用.地球物理学进展,2005
[13]佘德平,曹辉,王咸彬.相干数据体及其在三维地震解释中的应用.石油物探,1998,37(4):75~79
[14]王永刚,乐友喜,刘伟,等.地震属性分析技术在储层预测中的应用.石油大学学报,2004,28(1):26~30
[15]陈德坡,柳世成.孤东油田七区西曲流河沉积微相定量识别技术.断块油气田,2003,10(2):16~20
[16]张延章,廖前进,范军侠等.地震微相分析技术在大港滩海探区的应用.2003,30(4):58~60
[17]许慧华,王志高.地震属性分析及其在胜利探区的应用.石油仪器,2002.
[18] Bahorich M and Farmer S. 3D Seismic discontinuity for faults and stratigraphic features:The coherence cube.The Leading Edge ,1995, 14(10):1053~1058
[19]印兴耀,杨凤丽,吴国忱.神经网络在CB油田储层预测和储层厚度计算中的应用.石油大学学报,1998,22(2):17~20
[20]马中高,管路平,贺振华,等.利用模型正演优选地震属性进行储层预测.石油学报,2003,24(6):35~39
[21]刘传虎.陆相湖盆洼陷带浊积砂体岩性油藏地震描述技术.石油物探, 2000,39(4)
[22]陈遵德,陈富贵.地震数据油气预测中的属性优化方法.石油物探,1998,37(4):32~40
[23]席敏红,贝智敏,王允洪,等.地震属性的油气模式识别.海洋石油,2001,28(4):16-22
[24]冯有良,邱以钢.高精度层序地层学在济阳坳陷下第三系勘探中的应用.石油学报,2003,24(1):49~52
[25]刘波,,赵翰卿,王良书,林春明,刘绍文.古河流废弃河道微相的精细描述.沉积学报,2002
[26] Lyons W J,Herrmann F J,Grotzinger J.Singularity analysis:a tool for extracting lithologic and Stratigraphic content from seismic data.71st Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc. Expl.Geophys.Expanded Abstracts,2001.
[27]李玲,冯许魁.用地震相干数据体进行断层自动解释.石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(增刊1):105~111
[28]曹辉.关于地震属性应用的几点认识.勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(5):18~22
[29]谢东,王永刚,乐友喜.地震属性分析技术在子寅油田开发中的应用.石油物探,2003
[30]杨凤丽,张善文,才巨宏等.曲流河砂体的沉积相、测井相、地震相研究及预测.石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(2):171~17
[31]张娥,高书琴,侯成福,等.利用地震属性预测砂岩储集层厚度及含油饱和度.石油勘探与开发,2007,27(1):92~96
[32]何琰,彭文,殷军.利用地震属性预测渗透率.石油学报,2001,22(6):34~36
[33]于建国,林春明,王金铎,等.曲流河沉积亚相的地震识别方法.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(5):547~551
[34]赵翰卿,付志国,吕晓光,等.大型河流—三角洲沉积储层精细描述方法.石油学报,2000,21(4):109~113