多尺度三维地质对象可视化关键技术研究与实现
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摘要
多尺度三维地质对象的建模和可视化技术是地学研究的前沿领域,被列为国家863计划“数字油气田关键技术研究”项目的重点攻关内容。其目标是应用计算机三维可视化技术,把油气勘探开发中的大量地质对象及数据以三维的方式进行集成展示,使地学工作者能更直观的了解目标研究区已知的各种地质成果及数据,从而为石油勘探开发提供更好的决策支持。油气田地质对象三维建模及可视化技术是一个涉及多个专业领域的复杂的系统工程,涉及的内容十分广泛。地表关键导航数据的组织及可视化、地下地质对象的三维建模及可视化是与油气田生产密切相关的关键技术,因此其研究对数字油气田的理论和实践都有重要意义。
本文在对国内外油气田多源、异构、海量的数据特点和数据服务技术、地面地下地质体建模技术、石油行业的三维可视化工具及软件等现状的深入调研的基础上,分析了数字油气田的关键地质对象的可视化需求,研究了储量数据、井数据、油藏剖面图等关键地质对象的三维可视化方法,实现了基于可视化方法的地质对象三维可视化展示。本文所进行的工作主要如下:
1)研究了井眼轨迹展示方式、钻录测数据三维模型的构建技术、井数据的多尺度展示方式等井筒数据展示的关键技术,实现了基于LOD技术进行多尺度可视化展示,并开发了软件模块。
2)研究了以井数据为核心的多种交互方式。通过对拾取方式进行对比分析,选取射线法对地质目标进行拾取。在准确快速拾取的基础上,设计了浏览放大器、右键菜单、定位查询等交互方式,开发了软件模块。
3)开发了油田勘探开发多尺度地质对象三维可视化软件,设计了系统的构架,满足了数字油气田中数据和交互方式复杂多变的需求,实现了易扩展的三维可视化程序框架。
本文的研究成果已经在胜利油田的埕岛油田关键井的三维可视化示范中得到了应用,证明了方法的有效性和实用性。
Three-dimensional modeling and visualization technology for the geological objects of oil-gas field is frontiers in the earthgeo-research, which is listed as the key research content in the national 863 project - "Key Technologies Research of Digital Oil-gas Field". By using 3D visualization technology, large numbers of geological objects in oil-gas field are constructed into three-dimensional images, so geoscientists can gain a deeper understanding of the generation, development and influence of various geological phenomena, which plays a crucial role on petroleum exploration and development. This paper mainly focused on key navigation data of surface in oil field exploration and development, three-dimensional modeling and visualization of underground geological objects, and the key technologies in software implementation, which have the theoretical and practical significance in oil and gas fields.
This paper had an in-depth research on several current situations such as multi-source, heterogeneous, vast amounts of data characteristics and data services technology of the domestic and foreign oil-gas field, geological modeling technology of both surface and underground, 3D visualization tools and softwares in the oil industry and so on. From the beginning of visualization requirements of the key geological bodies in oil-gas fields, this paper analyzed well trajectory, reserve data, stratigraphic structure and reservoir profiles, studied the three-dimensional modeling and visualization technology of these objects and raised the design and implementation method to extensible three-dimensional program framework. The innovative and exploratory work is mainly as follows:
1) In visualization technology of proved reserves in oilfield, by using boundary representation model, the polygonal cylindrical model was designed to achieve three-dimensional display of reserve data. By customizing the query, displaying and interacting with layers and the wellbores integration, which could successfully meet the needs of geological comprehensive researchers and reserve managers to understand reserve information.
2) A wide range of map formats were studied in oil industry, by digitalizing the structural map and using Delaunay triangulation algorithm, then the precise review of structural map was implemented in the three-dimensional space. Through using the spatial method to reservoir profile, the integration display and interaction of reservoir profile was completed.
3) In digital oil-gas field, the easiest to change is data and interactive means, therefore the data services layer and data type plug-in design method were induced in the three-dimensional programe framework, which implemented easily extensible visualization framework. The three-dimensional visualization program framework has a rational structure design and is easy to expand. The researches and key technologies summarized in this paper have already demonstrated initially in the key projects of the national 863 program "Key Technologies Research of Digital Oil-gas Field", and it is very effective in practice.
本文在对国内外油气田多源、异构、海量的数据特点和数据服务技术、地面地下地质体建模技术、石油行业的三维可视化工具及软件等现状的深入调研的基础上,分析了数字油气田的关键地质对象的可视化需求,研究了储量数据、井数据、油藏剖面图等关键地质对象的三维可视化方法,实现了基于可视化方法的地质对象三维可视化展示。本文所进行的工作主要如下:
1)研究了井眼轨迹展示方式、钻录测数据三维模型的构建技术、井数据的多尺度展示方式等井筒数据展示的关键技术,实现了基于LOD技术进行多尺度可视化展示,并开发了软件模块。
2)研究了以井数据为核心的多种交互方式。通过对拾取方式进行对比分析,选取射线法对地质目标进行拾取。在准确快速拾取的基础上,设计了浏览放大器、右键菜单、定位查询等交互方式,开发了软件模块。
3)开发了油田勘探开发多尺度地质对象三维可视化软件,设计了系统的构架,满足了数字油气田中数据和交互方式复杂多变的需求,实现了易扩展的三维可视化程序框架。
本文的研究成果已经在胜利油田的埕岛油田关键井的三维可视化示范中得到了应用,证明了方法的有效性和实用性。
Three-dimensional modeling and visualization technology for the geological objects of oil-gas field is frontiers in the earthgeo-research, which is listed as the key research content in the national 863 project - "Key Technologies Research of Digital Oil-gas Field". By using 3D visualization technology, large numbers of geological objects in oil-gas field are constructed into three-dimensional images, so geoscientists can gain a deeper understanding of the generation, development and influence of various geological phenomena, which plays a crucial role on petroleum exploration and development. This paper mainly focused on key navigation data of surface in oil field exploration and development, three-dimensional modeling and visualization of underground geological objects, and the key technologies in software implementation, which have the theoretical and practical significance in oil and gas fields.
This paper had an in-depth research on several current situations such as multi-source, heterogeneous, vast amounts of data characteristics and data services technology of the domestic and foreign oil-gas field, geological modeling technology of both surface and underground, 3D visualization tools and softwares in the oil industry and so on. From the beginning of visualization requirements of the key geological bodies in oil-gas fields, this paper analyzed well trajectory, reserve data, stratigraphic structure and reservoir profiles, studied the three-dimensional modeling and visualization technology of these objects and raised the design and implementation method to extensible three-dimensional program framework. The innovative and exploratory work is mainly as follows:
1) In visualization technology of proved reserves in oilfield, by using boundary representation model, the polygonal cylindrical model was designed to achieve three-dimensional display of reserve data. By customizing the query, displaying and interacting with layers and the wellbores integration, which could successfully meet the needs of geological comprehensive researchers and reserve managers to understand reserve information.
2) A wide range of map formats were studied in oil industry, by digitalizing the structural map and using Delaunay triangulation algorithm, then the precise review of structural map was implemented in the three-dimensional space. Through using the spatial method to reservoir profile, the integration display and interaction of reservoir profile was completed.
3) In digital oil-gas field, the easiest to change is data and interactive means, therefore the data services layer and data type plug-in design method were induced in the three-dimensional programe framework, which implemented easily extensible visualization framework. The three-dimensional visualization program framework has a rational structure design and is easy to expand. The researches and key technologies summarized in this paper have already demonstrated initially in the key projects of the national 863 program "Key Technologies Research of Digital Oil-gas Field", and it is very effective in practice.
引文
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[4]曾新平.地质体三维可视化建模系统GeoModel的总体设计与实现技术[博士学位论文].中国地质大学(北京), 2005.
[5]曾新平,杨自安,刘碧虹,张普斌,邹林.地质体三维可视化建模的技术方法研究[J].矿产与地质, 2005, 2 (1): 103-105.
[6]徐立明,牛新生.地质体三维可视化模拟的现状与展望[J].西南民族大学学报(自然科学版).2006(1).151-154.
[7]夏艳华.面向实时可视化与数值模拟3DSIS数据模型研究[博士学位论文].中国科学院研究生院. 2006.
[8]朱大培,牛文杰,杨钦,熊璋,陈其明.地质构造的三维可视化[J].北京航空航天大学学报. 2001, 827( 4). 448-451.
[9]杨钦.限定Delaunay三角剖分[博士学位论文].北京航空航天大学. 2001.
[10] Jessell M. Three-dimensional geological modeling of potential field data [J] Computers & Geosciences, 2001, 27(4): 455-465.
[11] Ehlen J, Harmon R S.GeoComp99: GeoComputation and the geosciences[J]. Computer & Geosciences, 2001, 27(8):1-2.
[12] Marschallinger R, Johnson S E. Guest editorial [J]. Computer & Geosciences, 2001, 27(4): 1-2.
[13]武强,徐华.三维地质建模与可视化方法研究[J].中国科学D辑地球科学2004, 34 (1):54-60.
[14]吴立新,沙从术.真三维地学模拟系统与水利工程应用[J].南水北调与水利科技,2003,1(2):20-25.
[15]李清泉,李德仁.三维空间数据模型集成的概念框架研究[J].测绘学报,1998,27(4):325-329.
[16] Bitzerk. Two-dimensional simulation of clastic and carbonate sedimentation, consolidation, subsidence, fluidflow, heatflowand solute transport during the formation of sedimentary basins[J]. Computer & Geosciences1999, 25(4): 431-447.
[17] Hu Jinxing, Wu Lixin, Gao Weizhen. Application study on volume visualization technique of 3D geo-science modeling[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 1999, 24(4): 345-349(in Chinese).
[18] Zhang Yu, Bai Shiwei. An approach of 3D stratum modeling based on tri-prism volume elements[J]. Journal of Image and Graphics, 2001, 6(3): 285-290(in Chinese).
[19] Zhang Yu, Wen Guoqiang. Application of 3Dvolume visualization in geology of civil engineering[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2002,21(4): 563-567(in Chinese).
[20] Qi Anwen, Wu lixin. Analogicttri prism: A new 3D geology spatial modeling method[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2002, 27(2): 158-163(in Chinese).
[21] Huang Wenjing, Tang Long, Tang Zesheng. Volume rendering and 3D interaction techniques for visualization of geological data[J]. Journal of Engineering Graphics,1998, 3: 60-66(in Chinese).
[22] Yu Wanrui, Li Chunhua. A design of application system of geophysical visualization in scientific computing[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 1998, 20(3): 222-225(in Chinese).
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