风帆助推船舶操纵性预报研究
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摘要
船舶加装风帆后的操纵性能是风帆助推船设计的重要研究内容。本文针对76000吨散货船,通过加装风帆后的流体动力特性分析,建立了计及横摇在内的四自由度操纵运动数学模型;在此基础上,采用Matlab/Simulink软件,开展了加装风帆对于船舶操纵性能的影响研究,包括可自由操控区、回转性、航向改变性能以及航向控制稳定性,并提出最优操帆策略。主要结论概括如下:
1)加装风帆对船舶操纵可控区的影响研究:基于优化的帆-舵联合操纵策略,可使风帆助推船舶操纵可控区提高约10.7%;提出增强风帆助推船舶抗风能力的系列措施与建议;
2)加装风帆对船舶回转性能的影响研究:以帆位角ψ_s= -9 0°为例,在静水中影响很小,受风干扰后,顺风向下的回转漂移量增大,但对战术直径及纵距影响不大;以绝对风向角β_(WT)= 0°为例,当操帆攻角α_s=180°时,回转顺漂值及横漂值要小于无帆情形;
3)加装风帆对船舶航向改变性能的影响研究:基于优化的最优操帆策略,除绝对风向角β_(WT)=20°,120°时的初始回转性能变差外,其他绝对风向角下的初始回转性能及纠向/航向保持能力得到改善;
4)加装风帆对船舶航向控制稳定性的影响研究:基于帆-舵联合控制优化,使得船舶航向控制稳定性得到改善的同时,最大航速提高约7.3%。
The maneuvering characteristics of a sail-assisted ship are very important for its design. The purpose of this study is to investigate the maneuverability of a sail-assisted ship. Based on the force analysis of a sail-assisted bulk carrier, the mathematical model for ship maneuvering is established. Then, its maneuverability, including freely maneuverable range,turning ability, course alterating ability and course controllability, are investigated via Matlab/Simulink software, and the optimal sail strategies are presented. Several achievements of the thesis can be summarized as follows:
1) Influence on the freely maneuverable range for sail installed Based on the optimized sail-rudder strategies, freely maneuverable range can be enlarged 10.7%; Several suggestions for antiwind ability improved are presented;
2) Influence on the turning ability for sail installed Taken example for sail locating angle at -90°, influence on the turning circle in calm water can be neglected; Drift distance is enlarged under wind conditions,but to the tactical diameter and advance are not obvious; Taken example for true wind angle at 0°, when sail attack angle is 180°, drift distance of both longitudinal and lateral are smaller than the ship without sails;
3) Influence on the course alterations for sail installed Based on the optimized sail-rudder strategies, initial turning ability and couse alterating/keeping ability are improved except the true wind angle is 20°and 120°;
4)Influence on the course controllability for sail installed Based on the optimized sail-rudder strategies, the maximum sailing speed is enlarged about 7.3 %, together with the course controllability is improved.
1)加装风帆对船舶操纵可控区的影响研究:基于优化的帆-舵联合操纵策略,可使风帆助推船舶操纵可控区提高约10.7%;提出增强风帆助推船舶抗风能力的系列措施与建议;
2)加装风帆对船舶回转性能的影响研究:以帆位角ψ_s= -9 0°为例,在静水中影响很小,受风干扰后,顺风向下的回转漂移量增大,但对战术直径及纵距影响不大;以绝对风向角β_(WT)= 0°为例,当操帆攻角α_s=180°时,回转顺漂值及横漂值要小于无帆情形;
3)加装风帆对船舶航向改变性能的影响研究:基于优化的最优操帆策略,除绝对风向角β_(WT)=20°,120°时的初始回转性能变差外,其他绝对风向角下的初始回转性能及纠向/航向保持能力得到改善;
4)加装风帆对船舶航向控制稳定性的影响研究:基于帆-舵联合控制优化,使得船舶航向控制稳定性得到改善的同时,最大航速提高约7.3%。
The maneuvering characteristics of a sail-assisted ship are very important for its design. The purpose of this study is to investigate the maneuverability of a sail-assisted ship. Based on the force analysis of a sail-assisted bulk carrier, the mathematical model for ship maneuvering is established. Then, its maneuverability, including freely maneuverable range,turning ability, course alterating ability and course controllability, are investigated via Matlab/Simulink software, and the optimal sail strategies are presented. Several achievements of the thesis can be summarized as follows:
1) Influence on the freely maneuverable range for sail installed Based on the optimized sail-rudder strategies, freely maneuverable range can be enlarged 10.7%; Several suggestions for antiwind ability improved are presented;
2) Influence on the turning ability for sail installed Taken example for sail locating angle at -90°, influence on the turning circle in calm water can be neglected; Drift distance is enlarged under wind conditions,but to the tactical diameter and advance are not obvious; Taken example for true wind angle at 0°, when sail attack angle is 180°, drift distance of both longitudinal and lateral are smaller than the ship without sails;
3) Influence on the course alterations for sail installed Based on the optimized sail-rudder strategies, initial turning ability and couse alterating/keeping ability are improved except the true wind angle is 20°and 120°;
4)Influence on the course controllability for sail installed Based on the optimized sail-rudder strategies, the maximum sailing speed is enlarged about 7.3 %, together with the course controllability is improved.
引文
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