深水半潜式钻井平台振动及噪声分析研究
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摘要
随着大陆架油气资源的日益枯竭,出于国家能源战略需要,我国提出了深海海洋工程发展战略,并开展深海关键工程设备第六代深水半潜式钻井平台自主研发。本文研究了大型深水半潜式钻井平台结构性能分析技术中的结构振动及噪声分析的关键技术,并根据分析结果对目标平台进行了减振降噪设计。提出了大型深水半潜式钻井平台振动与声学优化设计建议,为我国新一代钻井平台的总体设计提供了重要参考。
首先,本文在研究深水半潜式钻井平台总体性能、结构设计特点和相关激振源的基础上,研究了半潜平台的振动特性。应用有限元模态叠加法对目标平台在深水作业工况下,进行全船自由振动和受迫振动预报,并采用加权衡准方法对平台作完整振动响应分析评估。
其次,通过研究声学理论、噪声预报计算方法和深水半潜式钻井平台声场环境特点,综合应用声学有限元法、统计能量法及其混合法,以专业振动声学软件VA One2009为平台,对目标平台进行了全船、全频域噪声预报,并根据国际海事组织噪声评估标准IMO进行衡准,研究分析了目标平台噪声传播特点与路径。
最后,在保证平台结构强度及性能前提下,综合考虑平台振动特性对目标平台进行减振降噪设计研究,在此基础上提出了可行的减振降噪设计方案,保证了新一代钻井平台的安全性和舒适性。本文还建立了深水半潜式钻井平台振动噪声预报及优化基本流程,为将来大型海洋结构物振动声学设计提供了参考,具有实际工程应用价值。
With continental shelf oil and gas resources being depleted gradually, for the demands of the energy resource tactic of our nation, the country brings forward the strategy of developing offshore equipment in the deep sea, and researches the primary equipment of the deep-sea exploration, the sixth Deepwater Semi-submersible Drilling Unit, by ourselves. This paper researches the vibration and noise of the Semi-submersible Drilling Unit, and deals with the excessive cabins with method of vibration and acoustic control treatment according to the prediction results. This paper puts forward useful advices for the vibro-acoustic design of the huge Semi-submersible Drilling Unit, and supplys a good reference for the design of our new Semi-submersible Drilling Unit.
Firstly, this paper researches the characters of the target unit’s vibration, based on the whole performance and structural design of the Semi-submersible Drilling Unit, applies finite element analysis methods ,when the platform working in the ultra-deep sea , to predict the free vibration and forced vibration, then uses the overall frequency-weighted RMS values to evaluate the vibration response.
Secondly, after describing the basic acoustic theory, noise prediction methods and characters of the sound field of the target platform, for the first time introduces FEA, SEA and Hybrid FE/SEA methods to predict the noise of all the cabins in whole sound frequency bands, and evaluates the sound level with IMO guide, then analyzes the characters and propagation ways of the noise.
Finally, ensuring the strength and performance of the platform, considering the structural vibration, deals with the platform with NCT. And gives some available suggestions to improve the project and make sure the safety and comfort of the new unit. In this paper, the method step and flowchart to assess the vibro-acoustic of the structure has a certain degree of practical significance in future Semi-submerged platform development.
首先,本文在研究深水半潜式钻井平台总体性能、结构设计特点和相关激振源的基础上,研究了半潜平台的振动特性。应用有限元模态叠加法对目标平台在深水作业工况下,进行全船自由振动和受迫振动预报,并采用加权衡准方法对平台作完整振动响应分析评估。
其次,通过研究声学理论、噪声预报计算方法和深水半潜式钻井平台声场环境特点,综合应用声学有限元法、统计能量法及其混合法,以专业振动声学软件VA One2009为平台,对目标平台进行了全船、全频域噪声预报,并根据国际海事组织噪声评估标准IMO进行衡准,研究分析了目标平台噪声传播特点与路径。
最后,在保证平台结构强度及性能前提下,综合考虑平台振动特性对目标平台进行减振降噪设计研究,在此基础上提出了可行的减振降噪设计方案,保证了新一代钻井平台的安全性和舒适性。本文还建立了深水半潜式钻井平台振动噪声预报及优化基本流程,为将来大型海洋结构物振动声学设计提供了参考,具有实际工程应用价值。
With continental shelf oil and gas resources being depleted gradually, for the demands of the energy resource tactic of our nation, the country brings forward the strategy of developing offshore equipment in the deep sea, and researches the primary equipment of the deep-sea exploration, the sixth Deepwater Semi-submersible Drilling Unit, by ourselves. This paper researches the vibration and noise of the Semi-submersible Drilling Unit, and deals with the excessive cabins with method of vibration and acoustic control treatment according to the prediction results. This paper puts forward useful advices for the vibro-acoustic design of the huge Semi-submersible Drilling Unit, and supplys a good reference for the design of our new Semi-submersible Drilling Unit.
Firstly, this paper researches the characters of the target unit’s vibration, based on the whole performance and structural design of the Semi-submersible Drilling Unit, applies finite element analysis methods ,when the platform working in the ultra-deep sea , to predict the free vibration and forced vibration, then uses the overall frequency-weighted RMS values to evaluate the vibration response.
Secondly, after describing the basic acoustic theory, noise prediction methods and characters of the sound field of the target platform, for the first time introduces FEA, SEA and Hybrid FE/SEA methods to predict the noise of all the cabins in whole sound frequency bands, and evaluates the sound level with IMO guide, then analyzes the characters and propagation ways of the noise.
Finally, ensuring the strength and performance of the platform, considering the structural vibration, deals with the platform with NCT. And gives some available suggestions to improve the project and make sure the safety and comfort of the new unit. In this paper, the method step and flowchart to assess the vibro-acoustic of the structure has a certain degree of practical significance in future Semi-submerged platform development.
引文
[1]文圣常.新世纪对海洋的开发[M].科学杂志第4期.上海科学技术出版社.2008
[2]嵇春艳.海洋平台动力响应分析与振动控制技术研究[J].2003.093171
[3]周亚军,赵德有.海洋平台结构振动控制综述[J].振动与冲击. 2004
[4] Yao.J.TP.Concept of Structural Control[J].Journal of Structural Division, ASCE, 1972
[5] Hounser G , etal.Structural control :past , present and future [J]. Journal of Engineering Mechanics.ASCE ,1997.
[6] Lee H H. Stochastic Analysis for Offshore Platform with Added Mechanical Dampers[J]. Ocean Engineering ,1997 ,24(9):817-834
[7] JIN Xianding, FU Jinghua, HU Changyun. Stern vibration response prediction of a high speed craft due to change of the main engine[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1997.31.
[8] ZHU Shengchang,GUO Lie,HE Fujian,etal.A study on vibration characteristics prediction of a large self-unloading ship [J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics,2000. 4.
[9] CHEN Tieyun. Advances on ship structural mechanics in recent fifty years in China[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University.1998.32.
[10]邹春平,陈端石,华宏星.船舶结构振动模态综合法[J].上海交通大学学报.2003.8
[11]赵一宁,林哲.船体总振动预报的人工神经网络方法[J].造船技术.2003.2
[12] XIA Lijuan,WU Weiguo,WENG Changjian,JIN Xianding.Analysis of Fluid Structure Coupled Vertical Vibration for High-Speed Ships[J].journal of ship mechanics.2003.3.
[13]孙盈盈,洪明.船上绝缘敷料对甲板结构振动特性影响[J].Proceedings of the International Marine-Tech Forum Dalian,China,2006
[14]童一平,赵海江,赵健.船舶舱室噪声预报方法[J].船舶. NO. 4. August, 2008
[15] Lyon R H,Maidanik G. Power flow between linearly coupled oscillators[J] . Journal of the Acoustical Society of America ,1962 ,34(5) :623-639.
[16] Lyon R H, Eichler E. Random vibration of connected structure[J] . Journal of the Acoustical Society of America ,1964 ,36(7) :1344-1354.
[17] Grosveld H GD. Prediction of interior noise due to random acoustic or turbulent boundarylayer excitation using statistical energy analysis[A].AIAA13th Aeroacoustics Conference [C] ,1990.
[18] Fathy F J,White R G. Statistical energy analysis and vibrational power flow[A]. International Congress on Intensity Techniques[C],1990. 267-286.
[19] Tratch J r J.Vibration transmission through machinery foundation and ship bottom structure[D].M.Sc.Thesis,Massachusetts Institute of Technology ,1985.
[20] Shimomura Y.The effect of a liquid storage tank on sound transmission through ship structures[D]. Ocean Engineering Thesis,Massachusetts Institute of Technology ,1985.
[21] Lyon R H. In-plane contribution to structural noise transmission[J].Noise Control Engineering Journal ,1986.
[22] McCollum MD ,Cuschieri J M.Bending and in-plane wave transmission in thick connected plates using energy analysis[J].J.of the Acoustical Society of America ,1990
[23] Iino K,Honda I.Total noise prediction system for a passenger cruise ship[A].Proceedings of the 5th International Symposiumon Practical design of Ship and Mobile Units,PRADS’92[C] ,London ,Elsevier Applied Science,1992,1:1648 -1661.
[24]戴浪涛,杨德庆.FPSO噪声统计能量分析与降噪设计[J].噪声与控制技术,2005年, 25(6):36-40.
[25]程广利,朱石坚,伍先俊.统计能量分析法及其损耗因子确定方法综述[J].船舶工程,2004 ,26 (4):10～15.
[26]伍先俊,朱石坚,统计能量法及其在舰船降噪上的应用综述[J].武汉理工大学学报,2004,16(6):37-40
[27] Nefske D J,Sung S H.Power flow finite element analysis of dynamic system:basic theory and application to beams.Journal of vibration ,Acoustic ,Stress and Reliability in Design.1989,111:94~100.
[28] Wohlever J,Berhard R J.Mechanic energy flow models of rods and beams. Journal of Sound and Vibration., 1992, 153 (1): 1~19.
[29] Bouthier O M,Berhard R J.Simple models of the energetic of transversely vibrating plates [J].J Sound Vib.,1995,182(1),149-166.
[30] Cho P E. energy flow analysis of coupled structure[J] .USA:Purdue university.1994.
[31] Moens I,Vandepitte D.A wavelength criterion for the validity of the energy finite element method for the plates[J].ISMA.2000.559-606.
[32] Vlahopoulos N,Lius O G,Christopher M,Numerical implementation validation and marin applications of the energy finite element formulation[J],Journal of ship research,1999.
[33] Gorge A,Borlase N.Vlahopoulos,An energy finite element optimization process for reducing high frequency vibration in large scale structures[J],Finite Element in Analysis and Design,200,36:56-67.
[34]孙丽萍,聂武.能量有限元法在船舶结构中的应用[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报[J].2008.9
[35]刘晓明,王晓宇,陈慈慧,流固耦合船舶舱室中低频噪声数值分析[J].船舶力学,2008.26
[36]姚熊亮,戴伟,唐永生,船舶上层建筑舱室噪声灰色预测[J].中国造船, 2006.3.
[37]陆鑫森,金咸定,刘涌康,船体振动学[M].国防工业出版社,1980.
[38]陈伯真.薄壁结构力学[M].上海交通大学出版社.1998.
[39]董霜,朱元清.环境振动对人体的影响[J].噪声与振动控制.VOL.3 2006.4
[40]马大猷.噪声与振动控制工程手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[41]彼得森J W E,斯托姆J F R.船舶噪声控制[M].北京:国防工业出版社, 1983.
[42]孙雪荣.不同介质中结构声传播特性研究[D].海军工程大学硕士论文.2004
[43]阿.斯.尼基福罗夫.船体结构声学设计[M].北京.国防工业出版社.1998.
[44]胡以怀,船舶柴油机振动噪声及废气排放[M].国防工业出版社.2003.
[45] Faly F J.Statistical energy analysis,from Noise and vibration [M].Ed.By R.G.white, J.G. Walker,Ellis Horwood Limited ,1982.
[46] Blake W K.Mechanics of flow induced sound and vibration[M].Academic Press , INC ,1986
[47] M. P. Norton.工程噪声和振动分析基础[M].北京:航空工业出版社,1993 ,9.
[48] S.Uosukainen,K.Pesonen.The calculation of structure borne and airborne sound of industrial building using statistical energy analysis [M].Kari Pesonen Consuling Engineers Ltd ,1983
[49]姚德源,王其政.统计能量分析及其应用[M].北京:北京理工大学,1995.
[50] R.H.Lyon.Statistical Energy Analysis of dynamical systems:Theory and Applications [M].Massachusetts:MIT Press,1975.
[51] R.S.Langley, P.Bremner, A hybrid method for the vibration analysis of complex structural-a coustic systems [J]. J. Acoust. Soc. Am, 1999, 105:1657-1671.
[52] R.S.Langley, P.J.Shorter,V.Cotoni. A hybrid FE-SEA method for the analysis of complex vibroacoustic systems[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2005, 288:669–699.
[53] P. J. Shorter, B. K.Gardner, and P.G. Bremner. A hybrid method for full spectrum noise and vibration prediction [J]. Journal of Computational Acoustics, 2003, 11: 323– 338.
[2]嵇春艳.海洋平台动力响应分析与振动控制技术研究[J].2003.093171
[3]周亚军,赵德有.海洋平台结构振动控制综述[J].振动与冲击. 2004
[4] Yao.J.TP.Concept of Structural Control[J].Journal of Structural Division, ASCE, 1972
[5] Hounser G , etal.Structural control :past , present and future [J]. Journal of Engineering Mechanics.ASCE ,1997.
[6] Lee H H. Stochastic Analysis for Offshore Platform with Added Mechanical Dampers[J]. Ocean Engineering ,1997 ,24(9):817-834
[7] JIN Xianding, FU Jinghua, HU Changyun. Stern vibration response prediction of a high speed craft due to change of the main engine[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1997.31.
[8] ZHU Shengchang,GUO Lie,HE Fujian,etal.A study on vibration characteristics prediction of a large self-unloading ship [J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics,2000. 4.
[9] CHEN Tieyun. Advances on ship structural mechanics in recent fifty years in China[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University.1998.32.
[10]邹春平,陈端石,华宏星.船舶结构振动模态综合法[J].上海交通大学学报.2003.8
[11]赵一宁,林哲.船体总振动预报的人工神经网络方法[J].造船技术.2003.2
[12] XIA Lijuan,WU Weiguo,WENG Changjian,JIN Xianding.Analysis of Fluid Structure Coupled Vertical Vibration for High-Speed Ships[J].journal of ship mechanics.2003.3.
[13]孙盈盈,洪明.船上绝缘敷料对甲板结构振动特性影响[J].Proceedings of the International Marine-Tech Forum Dalian,China,2006
[14]童一平,赵海江,赵健.船舶舱室噪声预报方法[J].船舶. NO. 4. August, 2008
[15] Lyon R H,Maidanik G. Power flow between linearly coupled oscillators[J] . Journal of the Acoustical Society of America ,1962 ,34(5) :623-639.
[16] Lyon R H, Eichler E. Random vibration of connected structure[J] . Journal of the Acoustical Society of America ,1964 ,36(7) :1344-1354.
[17] Grosveld H GD. Prediction of interior noise due to random acoustic or turbulent boundarylayer excitation using statistical energy analysis[A].AIAA13th Aeroacoustics Conference [C] ,1990.
[18] Fathy F J,White R G. Statistical energy analysis and vibrational power flow[A]. International Congress on Intensity Techniques[C],1990. 267-286.
[19] Tratch J r J.Vibration transmission through machinery foundation and ship bottom structure[D].M.Sc.Thesis,Massachusetts Institute of Technology ,1985.
[20] Shimomura Y.The effect of a liquid storage tank on sound transmission through ship structures[D]. Ocean Engineering Thesis,Massachusetts Institute of Technology ,1985.
[21] Lyon R H. In-plane contribution to structural noise transmission[J].Noise Control Engineering Journal ,1986.
[22] McCollum MD ,Cuschieri J M.Bending and in-plane wave transmission in thick connected plates using energy analysis[J].J.of the Acoustical Society of America ,1990
[23] Iino K,Honda I.Total noise prediction system for a passenger cruise ship[A].Proceedings of the 5th International Symposiumon Practical design of Ship and Mobile Units,PRADS’92[C] ,London ,Elsevier Applied Science,1992,1:1648 -1661.
[24]戴浪涛,杨德庆.FPSO噪声统计能量分析与降噪设计[J].噪声与控制技术,2005年, 25(6):36-40.
[25]程广利,朱石坚,伍先俊.统计能量分析法及其损耗因子确定方法综述[J].船舶工程,2004 ,26 (4):10～15.
[26]伍先俊,朱石坚,统计能量法及其在舰船降噪上的应用综述[J].武汉理工大学学报,2004,16(6):37-40
[27] Nefske D J,Sung S H.Power flow finite element analysis of dynamic system:basic theory and application to beams.Journal of vibration ,Acoustic ,Stress and Reliability in Design.1989,111:94~100.
[28] Wohlever J,Berhard R J.Mechanic energy flow models of rods and beams. Journal of Sound and Vibration., 1992, 153 (1): 1~19.
[29] Bouthier O M,Berhard R J.Simple models of the energetic of transversely vibrating plates [J].J Sound Vib.,1995,182(1),149-166.
[30] Cho P E. energy flow analysis of coupled structure[J] .USA:Purdue university.1994.
[31] Moens I,Vandepitte D.A wavelength criterion for the validity of the energy finite element method for the plates[J].ISMA.2000.559-606.
[32] Vlahopoulos N,Lius O G,Christopher M,Numerical implementation validation and marin applications of the energy finite element formulation[J],Journal of ship research,1999.
[33] Gorge A,Borlase N.Vlahopoulos,An energy finite element optimization process for reducing high frequency vibration in large scale structures[J],Finite Element in Analysis and Design,200,36:56-67.
[34]孙丽萍,聂武.能量有限元法在船舶结构中的应用[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报[J].2008.9
[35]刘晓明,王晓宇,陈慈慧,流固耦合船舶舱室中低频噪声数值分析[J].船舶力学,2008.26
[36]姚熊亮,戴伟,唐永生,船舶上层建筑舱室噪声灰色预测[J].中国造船, 2006.3.
[37]陆鑫森,金咸定,刘涌康,船体振动学[M].国防工业出版社,1980.
[38]陈伯真.薄壁结构力学[M].上海交通大学出版社.1998.
[39]董霜,朱元清.环境振动对人体的影响[J].噪声与振动控制.VOL.3 2006.4
[40]马大猷.噪声与振动控制工程手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[41]彼得森J W E,斯托姆J F R.船舶噪声控制[M].北京:国防工业出版社, 1983.
[42]孙雪荣.不同介质中结构声传播特性研究[D].海军工程大学硕士论文.2004
[43]阿.斯.尼基福罗夫.船体结构声学设计[M].北京.国防工业出版社.1998.
[44]胡以怀,船舶柴油机振动噪声及废气排放[M].国防工业出版社.2003.
[45] Faly F J.Statistical energy analysis,from Noise and vibration [M].Ed.By R.G.white, J.G. Walker,Ellis Horwood Limited ,1982.
[46] Blake W K.Mechanics of flow induced sound and vibration[M].Academic Press , INC ,1986
[47] M. P. Norton.工程噪声和振动分析基础[M].北京:航空工业出版社,1993 ,9.
[48] S.Uosukainen,K.Pesonen.The calculation of structure borne and airborne sound of industrial building using statistical energy analysis [M].Kari Pesonen Consuling Engineers Ltd ,1983
[49]姚德源,王其政.统计能量分析及其应用[M].北京:北京理工大学,1995.
[50] R.H.Lyon.Statistical Energy Analysis of dynamical systems:Theory and Applications [M].Massachusetts:MIT Press,1975.
[51] R.S.Langley, P.Bremner, A hybrid method for the vibration analysis of complex structural-a coustic systems [J]. J. Acoust. Soc. Am, 1999, 105:1657-1671.
[52] R.S.Langley, P.J.Shorter,V.Cotoni. A hybrid FE-SEA method for the analysis of complex vibroacoustic systems[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2005, 288:669–699.
[53] P. J. Shorter, B. K.Gardner, and P.G. Bremner. A hybrid method for full spectrum noise and vibration prediction [J]. Journal of Computational Acoustics, 2003, 11: 323– 338.