中国银行业监管问题研究
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摘要
本文从理论和实践两个方面对中国银行业监管工作中的有关问题进行了探究，全文共分三章：
第一章银行业监管概述，首先分析了银行业监管的必要性理论，其次对银行业监管的主、客体进行了分析，再次，对银行业监管的内容、方法进行了分析，最后对银行业监管的成本、效益、效率进行分析；
第二章中国银行业监管的现状。本章深入实际分析了近年来银行监管取得的成绩，又从监管对象、现行银行监管体制、监管的社会环境三个方面对中国银行业监管的现状进行了探究。
第三章中国银行业监管的完善。本章针对现状中存在的不足，以及面临的国内、国际形势，从理念、功能、制度、机制四个方面提出了完善中国银行业监管的若干建议、措施、手段。
通过对以上的逐一分析，特得出如下结论
一、无论是从金融市场的不完全性、市场失灵，以及从金融创新的角度考察，对银行业的监管的十分必要的，特别是对于缺乏市场机制约束的中国银行业，外部监管就尤显必要。
二、认为将银行监管分离出央行，加强三大监管机构的协作的举措是适宜的，前景应是美好的。同时认为统一监管应是我国银行业监管的必然趋势。
三、本文通过对银行监管的收益、效率的分析。描绘出一个几何图形，认为在现在的中国银行监管应是使被监管机构的行为永无止境地向监管机构的目标进发。
四、中国银行业产权制度不完善，内部控制不力，审慎经营不足。以及监管主体理念落后，监管制度设计缺憾。更有监管活动中最活跃的因素人(包括被监管机构和监管机构)控制不力是长期制约中国银行业监管发挥更大作用的瓶颈。
五、及时革新监管理念，合理调整监管制度，完善银行的公司治理结构，坚持审慎性经营和监管的原则，特别是坚持以人为本的监管原则，是进行我国有效银行业监管的必经之路。
Combining the theoretical and practical researching method, this paper explores the main problems existing in the banking supervision. It includes three chapters:
The first chapter is the full view of the banking supervision. In this chapter, firstly introducing the theories of the banking supervision. Secondly analyzing the subject, the financial institutions. Thirdly analyzing content and methods of the supervision. Finally analyzing the cost, revenue, efficiency of supervision.
The second chapter is the situation of the Chinese banking supervision. In it, the author analyses the success of the banking supervision for the last years, also situation of the supervision combining the financial institution, the banking supervision system and the social supervision condition by studying practice.
The third chapter is the improvement of the Chinese banking supervision. Due to the defects pointed out in the second chapter and the domestic and international condition, the author puts forward much suggestion, many methods and solutions to improve our banking supervision in four aspects including supervision ideas, supervision functions, supervision systems and supervision mechanism.
By analyzing above all, the author gets some conclusions:
The first, the banking supervision is necessary because of not only the imperfect of financial markets but also the financial market failure. This concept is also right viewed from the financial innovation. This is more important for china because china is absent of the strict of the market economy.
The second, the author thinks it is a good ideal that the government divides the banking supervision from the central bank and be strengthen three touching conference mechanism. And also thinks the united supervision is the orientation of our country banking supervision.
The third, the author points out a chart by analyzing cost, revenue, efficiency of supervision. If the bank action is close to the banking supervision goal, we can say that the supervision has gained good effect.
The fourth, the imperfect ownership of banks, poor self-control, the grave defect of prudential supervision, poor ideas of banking supervision, the defect of supervision designing, and especial the active fact -man are the bottlenecks of the Chinese banking
supervision.
The fifth, innovating the supervision ideals on time, adjusting the supervision systems, perfecting the banking management structure, insisting on prudential management and prudential supervision are the sole road to the effective supervision in china.
第一章银行业监管概述，首先分析了银行业监管的必要性理论，其次对银行业监管的主、客体进行了分析，再次，对银行业监管的内容、方法进行了分析，最后对银行业监管的成本、效益、效率进行分析；
第二章中国银行业监管的现状。本章深入实际分析了近年来银行监管取得的成绩，又从监管对象、现行银行监管体制、监管的社会环境三个方面对中国银行业监管的现状进行了探究。
第三章中国银行业监管的完善。本章针对现状中存在的不足，以及面临的国内、国际形势，从理念、功能、制度、机制四个方面提出了完善中国银行业监管的若干建议、措施、手段。
通过对以上的逐一分析，特得出如下结论
一、无论是从金融市场的不完全性、市场失灵，以及从金融创新的角度考察，对银行业的监管的十分必要的，特别是对于缺乏市场机制约束的中国银行业，外部监管就尤显必要。
二、认为将银行监管分离出央行，加强三大监管机构的协作的举措是适宜的，前景应是美好的。同时认为统一监管应是我国银行业监管的必然趋势。
三、本文通过对银行监管的收益、效率的分析。描绘出一个几何图形，认为在现在的中国银行监管应是使被监管机构的行为永无止境地向监管机构的目标进发。
四、中国银行业产权制度不完善，内部控制不力，审慎经营不足。以及监管主体理念落后，监管制度设计缺憾。更有监管活动中最活跃的因素人(包括被监管机构和监管机构)控制不力是长期制约中国银行业监管发挥更大作用的瓶颈。
五、及时革新监管理念，合理调整监管制度，完善银行的公司治理结构，坚持审慎性经营和监管的原则，特别是坚持以人为本的监管原则，是进行我国有效银行业监管的必经之路。
Combining the theoretical and practical researching method, this paper explores the main problems existing in the banking supervision. It includes three chapters:
The first chapter is the full view of the banking supervision. In this chapter, firstly introducing the theories of the banking supervision. Secondly analyzing the subject, the financial institutions. Thirdly analyzing content and methods of the supervision. Finally analyzing the cost, revenue, efficiency of supervision.
The second chapter is the situation of the Chinese banking supervision. In it, the author analyses the success of the banking supervision for the last years, also situation of the supervision combining the financial institution, the banking supervision system and the social supervision condition by studying practice.
The third chapter is the improvement of the Chinese banking supervision. Due to the defects pointed out in the second chapter and the domestic and international condition, the author puts forward much suggestion, many methods and solutions to improve our banking supervision in four aspects including supervision ideas, supervision functions, supervision systems and supervision mechanism.
By analyzing above all, the author gets some conclusions:
The first, the banking supervision is necessary because of not only the imperfect of financial markets but also the financial market failure. This concept is also right viewed from the financial innovation. This is more important for china because china is absent of the strict of the market economy.
The second, the author thinks it is a good ideal that the government divides the banking supervision from the central bank and be strengthen three touching conference mechanism. And also thinks the united supervision is the orientation of our country banking supervision.
The third, the author points out a chart by analyzing cost, revenue, efficiency of supervision. If the bank action is close to the banking supervision goal, we can say that the supervision has gained good effect.
The fourth, the imperfect ownership of banks, poor self-control, the grave defect of prudential supervision, poor ideas of banking supervision, the defect of supervision designing, and especial the active fact -man are the bottlenecks of the Chinese banking
supervision.
The fifth, innovating the supervision ideals on time, adjusting the supervision systems, perfecting the banking management structure, insisting on prudential management and prudential supervision are the sole road to the effective supervision in china.
引文
[1] 谢平．现代金融监管理论和中国金融监管中的问题．南方金融，2001(1)：10～12
[2] 国务院发展研究中心《金融改革与金融安全》系列报告之十三．金融监管理论的演变．中国经济时报，2002．01．28
[3] 阎庆民．现代银行业监管理论浅析．金融时报，2002．08．19
[4] Goodhart, C,A,E. Recent Developments in Central Banking: Some Special Features of the Monetary Policy Committee and of the European System of Central Banks. Bank of England, 2000
[5] Goodfriend, M. and J, Lacker. Limited Commitment and Central Bank Lending. Economic Quarterly Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, fall, 1999
[6] 项卫星，李宏瑾，马秋华．银行监管职能从中央银行分离：一个值得注意的趋势．世界经济，2001(11)：49～54
[7] 陈志．银行监管、货币政策与监管改革路径．金融研究，2001(7)：25～29
[8] 王自力．银行监管：模式、方法、效率．财贸经济，2001(9)：29～33
[9] Fergusen, R. Alternative Approaches to Financial Supervision and Regulation. Journal of Financial Services Research 2000(17): 1
[10] David Llewellyn, 1997:How countries Supervise Their Banks, Insurers and Securities Markets. Neil Ceurtis, 1999. Central Banking Publications Ltd, 1999
[11] Ciocca, P. Supervision: One or more Institutions?. BIS Review, 2001(39)
[12] 中国人民银行研究局国际金融研究处．金融监管模式比较与改革评析．中国货币市场，2001(07)
[13] Taylor, M. Peak Practice: How to Reform the UK's Regulatory system. QFI, London, 1996
[14] 钱小安．建立中国统一的金融监管体制的构想．财经科学，2002(1)：6～12
[15] 廖文义．对我国金融监管体制若干问题的探讨．中国金融，2001(2)：19～20
[16] 《金融监管理论与实务》编写组．金融监管理论与实务．北京：中国金融出版社，1999
[17] Ranjana Sahajwala and Pavel Van Den Bergh. Supervisory Risk Assessment and Early warning systems. Working paper, BIS, 2000
[18] A lesisa, A. Macroeconomics and Politics. NBER Macroeconomic Annual, Cambridge, 1988
[19] 德沃特里庞，泰勒尔著，石磊，王永钦译．银行监管．上海：复旦大学出版社，2002
[20] 周林，李敏，刘振芳．世界银行业监管．上海：上海财经大学出版社，1998
[21] Toylor, M. and A. Heming. Integrated Financial Supervision: Lessons of Scandinavian Experience. Finance and Development, Washington, 1999,12
[22] 刘宇飞．国际金融监管的新发展．北京：经济科学出版社，1999
[23] 陈建华．金融监管有效性研究．北京：中国金融出版社，2002
[24] 保罗·A·萨缪尔森．萨缪尔森辞典(中译本)．北京：京华出版社，2000
[25] 杜迎伟．我国金融监管的宏观思考．金融理论与实践，2002(2)：14～16
[26] 张铁良．基层央行金融监管的缺憾与对策．济南金融，2002(09)：12～14
[27] 王振中．论我国银行监管机制效力基础的缺陷性．金融研究，2002(2)：13～15
[28] 济南金融编辑部．金融监管有关问题研究综述．济南金融，2002(9)：42～46
[29] 阎庆民．金融全球化中央银行监管有效性分析．金融研究，2002(2)：24～27
[30] 陶丹．加入世界贸易组织对中国的银行监管体系的挑战．国际金融研究．2000(9)：58～60
[31] Thomas F. Hellmann, Kevin C. Murdak and Joseph E. Stiglitz. Liberalization, Moral Hazard in Banking, and Prudential Regulation: Are Capital Requirement Enough? . The American Economic Review, March, 2000
[32] 申温清，张真，张新艳．金融监管存在的问题及建议．金融理论与实践，2001(12)：36～38
[33] 王兴．未来金融监管：环境、框架与方法．金融参考，2001(8)
[34] 张成虎．发达国家金融监管信息系统的建设及其对我国的启示．金融研究，2002(2)：50～52
[35] 雷永健，张含鹏．对当前金融监管体系的几点思考．兼谈金融混业经营发展趋势．西南会融，2001(7)：8～11
[36] 郑录军．加入WTO对中央银行监管工作的影响和挑战．济南金融，2001(12)：8～10
[37] 张建军．现阶段中国银行业监管的特殊性．金融研究，2001(9)：32～35
[38] Davies, H. The Regulatory Environment for a changing World. Swiss Bankers Association, 2000
[39] 李豪明．英美银行监管制度比较与借鉴．北京：中国金融出版社，1998
[40] 江其务．论金融监管．财贸经济，2001(3)：47～50
[41] Diamond, D.W and R.G Rajan. Liquidity Risk, Liquidity Creation and Financial Fragility: A theory of Banking, mimeo. University of Chicago, 1999
[42] 郭武平．试论银行监管理念．中国金融 2000(12)：21～22
[43] System Planning Group. Bank Examination and Surveillance Department. Bank of Japan Financial Institution Database, 2000(5)
[44] 孙松阁，王芳．金融监管的障碍与革新．金融理论与实践，2001(10)：15～17
[45] Briault, C. The Rationale for a single National Financial Services Regulator, FSA, Occasional Paper Series 2, 1999
[46] 米什金．货币金融学(中译本)．北京：中国人民大学出版社，1998
[47] Lewis, M. and Davis,K. Domestic and International Banking. MIT Press, 1987
[48] 国务院发展研究中心《金融改革与金融安全》系列研究报告之六．关于加强和改善银行监管的建议．中国经济时报，2002．01．15
[49] 邱跃民，戴玉明，蔡友才．对我国目前金融监管问题的现实思考．经济研究参考，2001(37)：28～30
[2] 国务院发展研究中心《金融改革与金融安全》系列报告之十三．金融监管理论的演变．中国经济时报，2002．01．28
[3] 阎庆民．现代银行业监管理论浅析．金融时报，2002．08．19
[4] Goodhart, C,A,E. Recent Developments in Central Banking: Some Special Features of the Monetary Policy Committee and of the European System of Central Banks. Bank of England, 2000
[5] Goodfriend, M. and J, Lacker. Limited Commitment and Central Bank Lending. Economic Quarterly Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, fall, 1999
[6] 项卫星，李宏瑾，马秋华．银行监管职能从中央银行分离：一个值得注意的趋势．世界经济，2001(11)：49～54
[7] 陈志．银行监管、货币政策与监管改革路径．金融研究，2001(7)：25～29
[8] 王自力．银行监管：模式、方法、效率．财贸经济，2001(9)：29～33
[9] Fergusen, R. Alternative Approaches to Financial Supervision and Regulation. Journal of Financial Services Research 2000(17): 1
[10] David Llewellyn, 1997:How countries Supervise Their Banks, Insurers and Securities Markets. Neil Ceurtis, 1999. Central Banking Publications Ltd, 1999
[11] Ciocca, P. Supervision: One or more Institutions?. BIS Review, 2001(39)
[12] 中国人民银行研究局国际金融研究处．金融监管模式比较与改革评析．中国货币市场，2001(07)
[13] Taylor, M. Peak Practice: How to Reform the UK's Regulatory system. QFI, London, 1996
[14] 钱小安．建立中国统一的金融监管体制的构想．财经科学，2002(1)：6～12
[15] 廖文义．对我国金融监管体制若干问题的探讨．中国金融，2001(2)：19～20
[16] 《金融监管理论与实务》编写组．金融监管理论与实务．北京：中国金融出版社，1999
[17] Ranjana Sahajwala and Pavel Van Den Bergh. Supervisory Risk Assessment and Early warning systems. Working paper, BIS, 2000
[18] A lesisa, A. Macroeconomics and Politics. NBER Macroeconomic Annual, Cambridge, 1988
[19] 德沃特里庞，泰勒尔著，石磊，王永钦译．银行监管．上海：复旦大学出版社，2002
[20] 周林，李敏，刘振芳．世界银行业监管．上海：上海财经大学出版社，1998
[21] Toylor, M. and A. Heming. Integrated Financial Supervision: Lessons of Scandinavian Experience. Finance and Development, Washington, 1999,12
[22] 刘宇飞．国际金融监管的新发展．北京：经济科学出版社，1999
[23] 陈建华．金融监管有效性研究．北京：中国金融出版社，2002
[24] 保罗·A·萨缪尔森．萨缪尔森辞典(中译本)．北京：京华出版社，2000
[25] 杜迎伟．我国金融监管的宏观思考．金融理论与实践，2002(2)：14～16
[26] 张铁良．基层央行金融监管的缺憾与对策．济南金融，2002(09)：12～14
[27] 王振中．论我国银行监管机制效力基础的缺陷性．金融研究，2002(2)：13～15
[28] 济南金融编辑部．金融监管有关问题研究综述．济南金融，2002(9)：42～46
[29] 阎庆民．金融全球化中央银行监管有效性分析．金融研究，2002(2)：24～27
[30] 陶丹．加入世界贸易组织对中国的银行监管体系的挑战．国际金融研究．2000(9)：58～60
[31] Thomas F. Hellmann, Kevin C. Murdak and Joseph E. Stiglitz. Liberalization, Moral Hazard in Banking, and Prudential Regulation: Are Capital Requirement Enough? . The American Economic Review, March, 2000
[32] 申温清，张真，张新艳．金融监管存在的问题及建议．金融理论与实践，2001(12)：36～38
[33] 王兴．未来金融监管：环境、框架与方法．金融参考，2001(8)
[34] 张成虎．发达国家金融监管信息系统的建设及其对我国的启示．金融研究，2002(2)：50～52
[35] 雷永健，张含鹏．对当前金融监管体系的几点思考．兼谈金融混业经营发展趋势．西南会融，2001(7)：8～11
[36] 郑录军．加入WTO对中央银行监管工作的影响和挑战．济南金融，2001(12)：8～10
[37] 张建军．现阶段中国银行业监管的特殊性．金融研究，2001(9)：32～35
[38] Davies, H. The Regulatory Environment for a changing World. Swiss Bankers Association, 2000
[39] 李豪明．英美银行监管制度比较与借鉴．北京：中国金融出版社，1998
[40] 江其务．论金融监管．财贸经济，2001(3)：47～50
[41] Diamond, D.W and R.G Rajan. Liquidity Risk, Liquidity Creation and Financial Fragility: A theory of Banking, mimeo. University of Chicago, 1999
[42] 郭武平．试论银行监管理念．中国金融 2000(12)：21～22
[43] System Planning Group. Bank Examination and Surveillance Department. Bank of Japan Financial Institution Database, 2000(5)
[44] 孙松阁，王芳．金融监管的障碍与革新．金融理论与实践，2001(10)：15～17
[45] Briault, C. The Rationale for a single National Financial Services Regulator, FSA, Occasional Paper Series 2, 1999
[46] 米什金．货币金融学(中译本)．北京：中国人民大学出版社，1998
[47] Lewis, M. and Davis,K. Domestic and International Banking. MIT Press, 1987
[48] 国务院发展研究中心《金融改革与金融安全》系列研究报告之六．关于加强和改善银行监管的建议．中国经济时报，2002．01．15
[49] 邱跃民，戴玉明，蔡友才．对我国目前金融监管问题的现实思考．经济研究参考，2001(37)：28～30