外资银行进入与我国银行业对策研究
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摘要
外资银行进入是开放型经济的产物，是不可逆转的历史大趋势。随着我国对外开放的不断发展，经济金融改革的不断深入，外资银行不断拓展其业务，它们将在我国金融体系中占有越来越重要的地位。外资银行的进入是一把“双刃剑”。一方面，外资银行进入有利于促进我国金融市场的发展和完善，有利于引进先进的技术加快我国银行业的金融创新，有利于提高我国银行业的经营管理水平，也有利于中国银行业走向世界。另一方面，外资银行进入使中国银行业面临严峻的挑战和巨大的冲击，在中资银行存在大量不良资产和资本金严重不足的情况下，使中资银行面临巨大的竞争压力，同时使我国的银行体系稳健性受到严重挑战。本文通过对我国改革开放的前沿——深圳地区中外资银行的业务经营状况对比，深入研究中外资银行在竞争上的优势与劣势，并指出我国银行业竞争劣势的根源，对症下药，提出我国银行业应对外资银行进入的新思路：围绕银行业核心竞争力提高，建立中外资银行竞争与合作的新型关系，为中外资银行共同发展创造良好的外部环境，实现中外资银行的共赢发展。通过国内银行业一系列业务制度与监管的创新，发挥银行业对国民经济发展的强大支撑作用。
本文采用理论联系实际的研究方法，注意紧密结合当前中国的现实情况，同时又结合国际银行业发展的最新动态。在思路上宏观与微观，一般与特殊相结合，运用经济学、金融学的有关原理，分析了外资银行进入后对我国银行业稳健运行带来的影响及其影响机理，并创造性的运用模型进行研究，提出了提升我国银行业核心竞争力的对策思路。这对确保我国银行业安全稳健运行，甚至对国家经济安全、政治稳定、社会安定都具有十分重要的现实意义。
The entry of foreign banks results from open economy and it is an irreversible historic tendency. With the development of opening policy and reform of economy and finance in China, foreign banks expand their business step by step and take more and more important place in Chinese financial system. That entry is a rapier. On the positive, firstly it would develop and improve Chinese financial market. Secondly it would improve the management and administration. Thirdly it would improve the management and administration of Chinese banking. Finally it would help the Chinese banking to compete in the world. On the passive side, it would challenge and lash Chinese banking seriously. The huge bad asset and the poor capital fund in Chinese banks would not only weaken their competition ability but also harm their system safety. Through comparing the management of both Chinese and foreign banks in Shenzhen district, this article points out the inferior position of Chinese banks and puts out a new thought to commit the
entry of foreign bank: improving the banking constructing the competition and cooperation with foreign banks to create a good outsider surrounding for the development of both Chinese and foreign banks. The win-win of both Chinese and foreign banks, the innovation of business institution and administration internal banking would support the development and advancement of
national economy.
Through the integration of theory with practice, this article takes notice not only the reality in China but the new tendency of banks internationalizing. On the train of thought, this article analyses the effects of foreign bank entry and its reason, at the same time, points out the methods of promoting core competition of Chinese banks, which is meaningful not only to the stable running of banking system but also to the economy safety, politics and society stability.
本文采用理论联系实际的研究方法，注意紧密结合当前中国的现实情况，同时又结合国际银行业发展的最新动态。在思路上宏观与微观，一般与特殊相结合，运用经济学、金融学的有关原理，分析了外资银行进入后对我国银行业稳健运行带来的影响及其影响机理，并创造性的运用模型进行研究，提出了提升我国银行业核心竞争力的对策思路。这对确保我国银行业安全稳健运行，甚至对国家经济安全、政治稳定、社会安定都具有十分重要的现实意义。
The entry of foreign banks results from open economy and it is an irreversible historic tendency. With the development of opening policy and reform of economy and finance in China, foreign banks expand their business step by step and take more and more important place in Chinese financial system. That entry is a rapier. On the positive, firstly it would develop and improve Chinese financial market. Secondly it would improve the management and administration. Thirdly it would improve the management and administration of Chinese banking. Finally it would help the Chinese banking to compete in the world. On the passive side, it would challenge and lash Chinese banking seriously. The huge bad asset and the poor capital fund in Chinese banks would not only weaken their competition ability but also harm their system safety. Through comparing the management of both Chinese and foreign banks in Shenzhen district, this article points out the inferior position of Chinese banks and puts out a new thought to commit the
entry of foreign bank: improving the banking constructing the competition and cooperation with foreign banks to create a good outsider surrounding for the development of both Chinese and foreign banks. The win-win of both Chinese and foreign banks, the innovation of business institution and administration internal banking would support the development and advancement of
national economy.
Through the integration of theory with practice, this article takes notice not only the reality in China but the new tendency of banks internationalizing. On the train of thought, this article analyses the effects of foreign bank entry and its reason, at the same time, points out the methods of promoting core competition of Chinese banks, which is meaningful not only to the stable running of banking system but also to the economy safety, politics and society stability.
引文
[1] 丁志杰．发展中国家金融开放——效应与政策研究．北京：中国发展出版社，1998，14-157
[2] 刘逖．跨国银行与金融深化．上海：上海远东出版社，1998，68-76
[3] 叶欣，冯宗宪．外资银行进入对本国银行体系稳定性影响的实证研究．经济科学，2003，(2)：50-51
[4] Levine,R. Foreign Bank, Financial Development, and Economic Growth. In:Clande, E. b., International Financial Markets. Washington, D. C. :AEI Press, 1996, 85-96
[5] Sliglitz, J. E.. The role of the State in Financial Market. In: Proceedings of the world Bank Annual Conference on Development Economics. 1993, 21-26
[6] Sothitorn Mallikamas. Impacts of Foreign Entry on the Domestic Banking Market. Cu-WB Knowledge Management Project. 2002-10-16
[7] Goldberg, Lawrence G., Anthony Saunders. The Causes of U. S. Bank Expansion Overseas: The Case of Great Britain. Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, 1980,(12):124-135
[8] Fieldke, Norman. The Growth of U. S. Banking Abroad: an Analytical Survey, in Key Issues in International Banking. Federal Reserve of Bank of Boston, 1987,20-28
[9] Levine p.. Foreign banks, Financial Development, and Economic Growth in Claude E. Baffled, ed. Harmonization versus Competition: International Financial Market. AEI press, 1996,125-138
[10] [加] 温迪·多布森．[法] 安埃尔·雅凯，WTO中的金融服务自由．北京：北京出版社，2000，166-172
[11] 杨有振，侯西鸿．金融开放：创新与监管．北京：中国金融出版社，2002，98-105
[12] 朱忠明，赫国胜．跨国银行经营管理．成都：西南财经大学出版社，1999，163-185
[13] 杨浩．外资银行在华扩张的方式及策略研究．世界经济研究，2003，(2)：63-64
[14] 陈慰．制度隐患困扰中资银行．http：／／www．cnien．com．cn，2003-07-01
[15] 王维安．银行业开放与国家金融安全．财经研究，2003，29(6)：27-28
[16] 沈坤荣，汪建．经济全球化进程中我国银行业开放研究．财贸经济，2001，(1)：45-49
[17] 黄金老．金融自由化与金融脆弱性．北京：中国城市出版社，2001，441—446
[18] 简小方，杨舜贤，李广．对我国银行业开放的探讨．金融与投资，2002，(11)：53-55
[19] 焦瑾璞．中国银行业国际竞争力研究．中国时代经济出版社，2002，126-132
[20] 江其务．制度冲击与制度改革——中国面对加入世贸的金融发展问题．上海金融，2000，(6)：4-6
[21] 张承惠．中国银行业风险分析．“金融改革与金融安全”课题组．http://www. drcnet. com. cn. 2002-03-14
[22] Glaessens,Stijin and Thomas Glaessenr. Internationalisation of Financial Services in Asian. Washington D. C. :World Bank, 1998,62-81
[23] 王兆星．外资银行监管思路与实践．中国金融半月刊，2003，(20)：22-24
[24] 乐纲．论金融开放条件下的中国外资银行监管．海南金融，2002，(1)：39-40
[25] Minsky, Hyman. The Financial Fragility Hypothesis: Capitalist Process and the Behavior of the Economy, in Financial Crisis, ed. Charles P. kindlberger and Jean-Pierre Laffargue. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982, 163-194
[26] 宋清华．银行危机论．北京：经济科学出版社，2000，84-85
[27] Hellmarm, T., Murdock. And stiglitiz, J., Financial Restraint: Toward a new Paradigm, In the role of government in east Asia economic development. New York: Oxford U. Press, 1996, 221-257
[28] Demirg-ktmt, Asli and Detragiache, Enriea. Financial Liberalization and Financial Fragility. Working paper, July 1998, 78-86
[29] 李杨．中国金融改革研究．南京：江苏人民出版社，1999，164-169
[30] 李德．金融监管失灵与监管体制问题分析．金融研究，2001，(2)：36-38
[31] 阎庆民．中国银行业监管效率分析．金融研究，2002，(8)：25-29
[32] 李辉．金融开放条件下我国银行业监管效应分析．上海金融,2003，(11)：27-29
[33] 黄苑．全面提升我国商业银行核心竞争力的思考．西南金融，2002，(11)：56-57
[34] 易金平．国有商业银行核心竞争力及其提升策略研究．中国农业银行武汉培训学院学报，2003(5)：41-42
[35] 许梦桔．挑战外资银行业务创新是关键．柴达木开发研究，2002，(5)：53-54
[36] 邱创英．入世后中外银行的竞争与合作．特区理论与实践，2001，(11)：36-37
[37] 阎立春，蔡建春，高翔．入世与金融创新．北京：世界图书出版社，2000,171-176
[38] 严俊伟．国际监管：跨国银行的金融规范．上海：上海社会科学院出版社，北京：高等教育出版社，2001，153-159
[39] Caprio, G. J., Atiyas, I., and Hanson, J. A.. financial Reform: Theory and
Experience. Cambridge University Press,1994,19-27
[40] 王忠生，曾令华．开放形势下我国金融监管完善的借鉴与对策．银行与经济，2003，(7)：16-18
[41] 刘仁伍，吴竞择．国际金融监管前沿问题．北京：中国金融出版社，2002，186-195
[2] 刘逖．跨国银行与金融深化．上海：上海远东出版社，1998，68-76
[3] 叶欣，冯宗宪．外资银行进入对本国银行体系稳定性影响的实证研究．经济科学，2003，(2)：50-51
[4] Levine,R. Foreign Bank, Financial Development, and Economic Growth. In:Clande, E. b., International Financial Markets. Washington, D. C. :AEI Press, 1996, 85-96
[5] Sliglitz, J. E.. The role of the State in Financial Market. In: Proceedings of the world Bank Annual Conference on Development Economics. 1993, 21-26
[6] Sothitorn Mallikamas. Impacts of Foreign Entry on the Domestic Banking Market. Cu-WB Knowledge Management Project. 2002-10-16
[7] Goldberg, Lawrence G., Anthony Saunders. The Causes of U. S. Bank Expansion Overseas: The Case of Great Britain. Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, 1980,(12):124-135
[8] Fieldke, Norman. The Growth of U. S. Banking Abroad: an Analytical Survey, in Key Issues in International Banking. Federal Reserve of Bank of Boston, 1987,20-28
[9] Levine p.. Foreign banks, Financial Development, and Economic Growth in Claude E. Baffled, ed. Harmonization versus Competition: International Financial Market. AEI press, 1996,125-138
[10] [加] 温迪·多布森．[法] 安埃尔·雅凯，WTO中的金融服务自由．北京：北京出版社，2000，166-172
[11] 杨有振，侯西鸿．金融开放：创新与监管．北京：中国金融出版社，2002，98-105
[12] 朱忠明，赫国胜．跨国银行经营管理．成都：西南财经大学出版社，1999，163-185
[13] 杨浩．外资银行在华扩张的方式及策略研究．世界经济研究，2003，(2)：63-64
[14] 陈慰．制度隐患困扰中资银行．http：／／www．cnien．com．cn，2003-07-01
[15] 王维安．银行业开放与国家金融安全．财经研究，2003，29(6)：27-28
[16] 沈坤荣，汪建．经济全球化进程中我国银行业开放研究．财贸经济，2001，(1)：45-49
[17] 黄金老．金融自由化与金融脆弱性．北京：中国城市出版社，2001，441—446
[18] 简小方，杨舜贤，李广．对我国银行业开放的探讨．金融与投资，2002，(11)：53-55
[19] 焦瑾璞．中国银行业国际竞争力研究．中国时代经济出版社，2002，126-132
[20] 江其务．制度冲击与制度改革——中国面对加入世贸的金融发展问题．上海金融，2000，(6)：4-6
[21] 张承惠．中国银行业风险分析．“金融改革与金融安全”课题组．http://www. drcnet. com. cn. 2002-03-14
[22] Glaessens,Stijin and Thomas Glaessenr. Internationalisation of Financial Services in Asian. Washington D. C. :World Bank, 1998,62-81
[23] 王兆星．外资银行监管思路与实践．中国金融半月刊，2003，(20)：22-24
[24] 乐纲．论金融开放条件下的中国外资银行监管．海南金融，2002，(1)：39-40
[25] Minsky, Hyman. The Financial Fragility Hypothesis: Capitalist Process and the Behavior of the Economy, in Financial Crisis, ed. Charles P. kindlberger and Jean-Pierre Laffargue. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982, 163-194
[26] 宋清华．银行危机论．北京：经济科学出版社，2000，84-85
[27] Hellmarm, T., Murdock. And stiglitiz, J., Financial Restraint: Toward a new Paradigm, In the role of government in east Asia economic development. New York: Oxford U. Press, 1996, 221-257
[28] Demirg-ktmt, Asli and Detragiache, Enriea. Financial Liberalization and Financial Fragility. Working paper, July 1998, 78-86
[29] 李杨．中国金融改革研究．南京：江苏人民出版社，1999，164-169
[30] 李德．金融监管失灵与监管体制问题分析．金融研究，2001，(2)：36-38
[31] 阎庆民．中国银行业监管效率分析．金融研究，2002，(8)：25-29
[32] 李辉．金融开放条件下我国银行业监管效应分析．上海金融,2003，(11)：27-29
[33] 黄苑．全面提升我国商业银行核心竞争力的思考．西南金融，2002，(11)：56-57
[34] 易金平．国有商业银行核心竞争力及其提升策略研究．中国农业银行武汉培训学院学报，2003(5)：41-42
[35] 许梦桔．挑战外资银行业务创新是关键．柴达木开发研究，2002，(5)：53-54
[36] 邱创英．入世后中外银行的竞争与合作．特区理论与实践，2001，(11)：36-37
[37] 阎立春，蔡建春，高翔．入世与金融创新．北京：世界图书出版社，2000,171-176
[38] 严俊伟．国际监管：跨国银行的金融规范．上海：上海社会科学院出版社，北京：高等教育出版社，2001，153-159
[39] Caprio, G. J., Atiyas, I., and Hanson, J. A.. financial Reform: Theory and
Experience. Cambridge University Press,1994,19-27
[40] 王忠生，曾令华．开放形势下我国金融监管完善的借鉴与对策．银行与经济，2003，(7)：16-18
[41] 刘仁伍，吴竞择．国际金融监管前沿问题．北京：中国金融出版社，2002，186-195