我国矿产资源循环利用研究
|
摘要
20世纪90年代以来,我国明显进入了发达国家曾经历过的经济高速增长阶段,随着工业化进程的加快以及经济全球化,我国矿产资源消费需求量不断增大,供需矛盾日益尖锐,矿产资源供应安全存在较大风险,急需转变经济增长方式并选择最佳的矿产资源配置方式。矿产资源循环利用作为资源配置的一种重要方式,以循环经济理念为指导,倡导“资源—产品—再生资源—再生产品”的资源循环流动过程,彻底改变传统经济的“资源—产品—污染排放”所构成的单向物质流动的经济增长模式;它不仅能有效降低经济发展对矿物原材料的需求,还能使矿产资源可利用总量大于资源储量,延长其使用周期。本文在对矿产资源利用相关理论综合分析的基础上,将我国与国外矿产资源循环利用先进水平进行比较,分析了我国矿产资源循环利用现状、矿产资源循环利用潜力及发展障碍,最后结合我国所处的经济发展阶段探析我国矿产资源循环利用的推进路径,并对我国矿产资源循环利用的进一步发展提出几点对策建议。
Mineral resources are non-renewable resources, the crucial basis of human civilization, social progress and economic development. Currently, more than 95% of energy, more than 80% of industrial raw material, more than 70% of agricultural means of production come from mineral resources. It can be said that without the sustaining and steady supply of mineral resources, there would be no modern economic and social development.
Since the 1990s, China has obviously stepped into a high speed development stage which had been experienced by developed countries. With the speeding up of industrialization process and economic globalization, the consumption demand for mineral resources is increasing. At present, the domestic supply of mineral resources is insufficient, and highly depends on imports. Together with the intensification of mineral industry monopoly in global scale, the lack of pricing right of some of the resources commodities, there are varieties of reasons that make mineral resources supply security is at great risk, which will directly affect the economic operation safety. In order to secure the supply safety of mineral resources, China urgently need to change the economic growth mode and select the best configuration mode of mineral resources.
Circular economy is a kind of human-oriented development mode. In order to ensure nature to be able to carry human development, our country emphases on protecting natural ecology, respecting the internal value of nature, explores nature and develops economy at the same time. Circular economy is an effective route for China to carry out scientific development view and change the economic growth mode. It employs ecological laws to direct economic activities of human society. It recognizes the“3R”principle,“Reducing”,“Reusing”, and“Recycling”as the basis principle to organize production. Circular economy put economic activities into a circulation flow process: resource—product--renewable resources—renewable product. It intends to actualize the Reducing of resource utilization, the Reusing of products, the Recycling of waste resources, which thoroughly change the one-way flow model of economic growth which formed by the“Resource—Product—Pollution Emission”in conventional economy. What circular economy advocates is the type of economic development mode which bases on continuous cyclic utilization of material. It requires Recycling, Reusing and Reducing as the behavior norms of socio-economic activities. The process we actualize these norms is the very process of resources recycling. Therefore, the core content of circular economy development is the recycling utilization of resources.
The fundamental role of mineral resources in national economy makes the circular utilization of mineral resources the key field of resources circular utilization in China. The circular utilization level of mineral resources is the best“indicators”to test the degree of circular economy development, because it involves both resource and environment issue.
As an exhaustible natural resource, mineral resource is an important Production factor. In the process of economic development, it is invested as a production means into economic development. It is a type of production means rather than product. It has nothing to do with the issue of“product recycling”. Hence, the circular utilization of mineral resource mainly considers principles“Reducing”and“Recycling”as its directions, manages to minimize the resource consumption and the production of waste. It also continuously promotes the utilization efficiency of resources, transforms waste into resource to recycle in a large extent, in order to meet these targets of changing waste into valuable and damage into benefit. It’s safe to say that mineral resource circular refers to the“Reducing”utilization of the mineral resources that enter into the consumption field (including producing and living). It also refers to the recycling and reutilization of the fabricated metal products which take mineral resources as raw materials, metal-containing products, and non-metal products.
As a important resources allocation mode, circular utilization of mineral resources can effectively relieve the supply and demand contradictions of resources, reduce environmental burden, protect environment, as well as promote national economic and social sustainable development. First of all, circular utilization of mineral resources can lower the demand of economic growth for mineral raw materials. Circular utilization of mineral resources fall into two types:“Reducing”utilization and“Recycling”utilization of mineral resources.“Reducing”utilization of mineral resources demands less mineral resources raw material (including energy, metal and other mineral resources) to meet the set production or consumption targets. It pays attention to the saving of mineral resources and the reduction of pollution from the source of economic activity. In other words, in the process of production and service, people should reduce the consumption of mineral resources and the generation of waste as much as possible, in order to acquire the maximum economic and environmental benefits. However, Recycling utilization of mineral resources belongs to the catalog of end treatment, mainly refers to the recycling and reutilization of waste. People substitute recyclable resources from the recycling part of waste for mineral resource raw material to be put into production, which reduces both the demands for mineral sources raw material and the final discharge amount. Secondly, circular utilization of mineral resources is able to make the total amount of available mineral resources larger than the reserve of mineral resources, prolong the utilization period of mineral resources.
Compared with developed countries, the level of mineral resource utilization is relatively low. In China, there are problems such as, high-level energy consumption, low-rate waste resource recycling and low-rate resource regeneration. The analysis indicates these problems are closely related to the current economic development phase of China. The experiences of circular utilization of mineral resource in developed countries show that the circular utilization of metal mineral resource has obvious periodic characteristics. Only when the metal consumption input amounts to a certain extent and when economic development is at a certain high level, can cycling and reutilization become the principal part of consumption supply, can the cycling and reutilization rate be higher and higher. At the present stage, China is in the peak period of industrialization, in which primary resource input is growing fast. Accordingly, the percentage of secondary recovery is rather low. Furthermore, the application lifecycle of most products is not over, the date of retirement is not due. Hence, in the course of economic development, only after the consumption of mineral resources (such as metal, etc.) has amounted to peak phase, can the input products step into recycling stage, can the“Recycling”utilization of mineral resources become the main body of consumption. Therefore, in China the stage of industrialization determines waste resource hasn’t become the principle part of consumption. At present, the recycling of mineral resource should take“Reduction”as the principal way of utilization.
As the analysis indicates, in China the potential of circular utilization of mineral resources is rather great. At present, in China there are many problems as follows, the resource utilization efficiency is not high enough, high energy consumption of unit product, high emissions of pollutants such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, COD, etc. The potential of mineral resource“Reducing”utilization is rather large. We also have to face the fact that with the advancing of the industrialization and urbanization process, massive mineral resources transform into social wealth and accumulated. In our country, the cardinal number of mineral resource consumption (such as metal, etc.) is large. The potential of waste resources“Recycling”is relatively large in the future. In practice, there are many factors decide that the“Reducing”utilization of mineral resource is facing many large obstacles as follows: it’s rather hard to promote the energy efficiency in the rapid development stage. The trend of industrial structure and reducing unit GDP energy consumption are opposite in direction. The domestic energy structure is conducive to energy saving. It needs a process to transform technical progress into energy-saving and emission-reducing performance. The mechanisms of access and elimination are not perfect. The“Recycling”of mineral resource is confronting great dilemma for the reasons as follows: the system of waste material recycling is imperfect. The size of regeneration utilization industry is not large enough. The technical level of regeneration utilization is not high. The utilization of scrap metal over-relies on imports. These difficulties are also caused by the lack of industry standards and environment pollution.
As the experiences in developed countries prove, there is no consumption peak of energy minerals in economic development process. Hence, for the“Reducing”utilization of the irrecoverable mineral resources like energy there is no stages to speak of. No matter in middle stage of industrialization or in post-industrialization stage, China should achieve“Reducing”utilization. In other words, we should produce the maximum economic benefits with the minimum energy input to ensure the sustainable utilization. However, the primary resources consumption of metal and other recoverable mineral resources, and secondary recovery reutilization consumption have obvious stage features and regularity. Therefore, the recycling utilization level and scale of waste metal and other resources are greatly affected by economic development stages. China is in middle stage of industrialization, the consumption peak of metal and other mineral resources is not at hand. Therefore, the circular utilization of mineral resources in China at present is dominated by“Reducing”utilization. Meanwhile, China improves the country's recovery and utilization system and advocates the green consumption pattern to promote the development of mineral resource“Recycling”utilization. Thus, there are two paths for mineral resources circular utilization in China: firstly, as for the utilization of waste resources, we should insist on the“Reducing”principle of circular economy to achieve clean operating, resource saving and exhausted pollutant reducing. Ultimately, our country should manage to produce the maximum economic benefits with the minimum energy input and pollution emission. Secondly, as for the regeneration utilization of waste resource, we should stick to the“Recycling”principle of circular economy to proceed overall recycling and advocate the green consumption pattern.
In order to vigorously develop mineral resource circular utilization and guarantee the sustainable utilization of mineral resource, we should manage to achieve the following points: firstly, we should enhance the government's guidance, give full play to the role of market mechanism, greatly develop the tertiary industry, and guide the restructuring and upgrading of industrial structure. Secondly, we should carry out the research on energy-saving and recycling technologies, conduct the designing and producing of recoverable products, promote the transferring and transforming of resources circular utilization technologies, establish the information network for the technology extension and application of resources circular utilization technologies, and strengthen the technical research and practice of mineral resources circular utilization. Thirdly, we should establish perfect resource recovery system and vein industry. Fourthly, make full use of economic means to regulate the development of resource recycling. Fifthly, it’s to improve environmental protection consciousness and promote public participation. Sixthly, we should perfect the laws and regulations system of circulation economy to guarantee the efficient and smooth conduct of mineral resource circular utilization, and promote the development of circular economy.
Mineral resources are non-renewable resources, the crucial basis of human civilization, social progress and economic development. Currently, more than 95% of energy, more than 80% of industrial raw material, more than 70% of agricultural means of production come from mineral resources. It can be said that without the sustaining and steady supply of mineral resources, there would be no modern economic and social development.
Since the 1990s, China has obviously stepped into a high speed development stage which had been experienced by developed countries. With the speeding up of industrialization process and economic globalization, the consumption demand for mineral resources is increasing. At present, the domestic supply of mineral resources is insufficient, and highly depends on imports. Together with the intensification of mineral industry monopoly in global scale, the lack of pricing right of some of the resources commodities, there are varieties of reasons that make mineral resources supply security is at great risk, which will directly affect the economic operation safety. In order to secure the supply safety of mineral resources, China urgently need to change the economic growth mode and select the best configuration mode of mineral resources.
Circular economy is a kind of human-oriented development mode. In order to ensure nature to be able to carry human development, our country emphases on protecting natural ecology, respecting the internal value of nature, explores nature and develops economy at the same time. Circular economy is an effective route for China to carry out scientific development view and change the economic growth mode. It employs ecological laws to direct economic activities of human society. It recognizes the“3R”principle,“Reducing”,“Reusing”, and“Recycling”as the basis principle to organize production. Circular economy put economic activities into a circulation flow process: resource—product--renewable resources—renewable product. It intends to actualize the Reducing of resource utilization, the Reusing of products, the Recycling of waste resources, which thoroughly change the one-way flow model of economic growth which formed by the“Resource—Product—Pollution Emission”in conventional economy. What circular economy advocates is the type of economic development mode which bases on continuous cyclic utilization of material. It requires Recycling, Reusing and Reducing as the behavior norms of socio-economic activities. The process we actualize these norms is the very process of resources recycling. Therefore, the core content of circular economy development is the recycling utilization of resources.
The fundamental role of mineral resources in national economy makes the circular utilization of mineral resources the key field of resources circular utilization in China. The circular utilization level of mineral resources is the best“indicators”to test the degree of circular economy development, because it involves both resource and environment issue.
As an exhaustible natural resource, mineral resource is an important Production factor. In the process of economic development, it is invested as a production means into economic development. It is a type of production means rather than product. It has nothing to do with the issue of“product recycling”. Hence, the circular utilization of mineral resource mainly considers principles“Reducing”and“Recycling”as its directions, manages to minimize the resource consumption and the production of waste. It also continuously promotes the utilization efficiency of resources, transforms waste into resource to recycle in a large extent, in order to meet these targets of changing waste into valuable and damage into benefit. It’s safe to say that mineral resource circular refers to the“Reducing”utilization of the mineral resources that enter into the consumption field (including producing and living). It also refers to the recycling and reutilization of the fabricated metal products which take mineral resources as raw materials, metal-containing products, and non-metal products.
As a important resources allocation mode, circular utilization of mineral resources can effectively relieve the supply and demand contradictions of resources, reduce environmental burden, protect environment, as well as promote national economic and social sustainable development. First of all, circular utilization of mineral resources can lower the demand of economic growth for mineral raw materials. Circular utilization of mineral resources fall into two types:“Reducing”utilization and“Recycling”utilization of mineral resources.“Reducing”utilization of mineral resources demands less mineral resources raw material (including energy, metal and other mineral resources) to meet the set production or consumption targets. It pays attention to the saving of mineral resources and the reduction of pollution from the source of economic activity. In other words, in the process of production and service, people should reduce the consumption of mineral resources and the generation of waste as much as possible, in order to acquire the maximum economic and environmental benefits. However, Recycling utilization of mineral resources belongs to the catalog of end treatment, mainly refers to the recycling and reutilization of waste. People substitute recyclable resources from the recycling part of waste for mineral resource raw material to be put into production, which reduces both the demands for mineral sources raw material and the final discharge amount. Secondly, circular utilization of mineral resources is able to make the total amount of available mineral resources larger than the reserve of mineral resources, prolong the utilization period of mineral resources.
Compared with developed countries, the level of mineral resource utilization is relatively low. In China, there are problems such as, high-level energy consumption, low-rate waste resource recycling and low-rate resource regeneration. The analysis indicates these problems are closely related to the current economic development phase of China. The experiences of circular utilization of mineral resource in developed countries show that the circular utilization of metal mineral resource has obvious periodic characteristics. Only when the metal consumption input amounts to a certain extent and when economic development is at a certain high level, can cycling and reutilization become the principal part of consumption supply, can the cycling and reutilization rate be higher and higher. At the present stage, China is in the peak period of industrialization, in which primary resource input is growing fast. Accordingly, the percentage of secondary recovery is rather low. Furthermore, the application lifecycle of most products is not over, the date of retirement is not due. Hence, in the course of economic development, only after the consumption of mineral resources (such as metal, etc.) has amounted to peak phase, can the input products step into recycling stage, can the“Recycling”utilization of mineral resources become the main body of consumption. Therefore, in China the stage of industrialization determines waste resource hasn’t become the principle part of consumption. At present, the recycling of mineral resource should take“Reduction”as the principal way of utilization.
As the analysis indicates, in China the potential of circular utilization of mineral resources is rather great. At present, in China there are many problems as follows, the resource utilization efficiency is not high enough, high energy consumption of unit product, high emissions of pollutants such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, COD, etc. The potential of mineral resource“Reducing”utilization is rather large. We also have to face the fact that with the advancing of the industrialization and urbanization process, massive mineral resources transform into social wealth and accumulated. In our country, the cardinal number of mineral resource consumption (such as metal, etc.) is large. The potential of waste resources“Recycling”is relatively large in the future. In practice, there are many factors decide that the“Reducing”utilization of mineral resource is facing many large obstacles as follows: it’s rather hard to promote the energy efficiency in the rapid development stage. The trend of industrial structure and reducing unit GDP energy consumption are opposite in direction. The domestic energy structure is conducive to energy saving. It needs a process to transform technical progress into energy-saving and emission-reducing performance. The mechanisms of access and elimination are not perfect. The“Recycling”of mineral resource is confronting great dilemma for the reasons as follows: the system of waste material recycling is imperfect. The size of regeneration utilization industry is not large enough. The technical level of regeneration utilization is not high. The utilization of scrap metal over-relies on imports. These difficulties are also caused by the lack of industry standards and environment pollution.
As the experiences in developed countries prove, there is no consumption peak of energy minerals in economic development process. Hence, for the“Reducing”utilization of the irrecoverable mineral resources like energy there is no stages to speak of. No matter in middle stage of industrialization or in post-industrialization stage, China should achieve“Reducing”utilization. In other words, we should produce the maximum economic benefits with the minimum energy input to ensure the sustainable utilization. However, the primary resources consumption of metal and other recoverable mineral resources, and secondary recovery reutilization consumption have obvious stage features and regularity. Therefore, the recycling utilization level and scale of waste metal and other resources are greatly affected by economic development stages. China is in middle stage of industrialization, the consumption peak of metal and other mineral resources is not at hand. Therefore, the circular utilization of mineral resources in China at present is dominated by“Reducing”utilization. Meanwhile, China improves the country's recovery and utilization system and advocates the green consumption pattern to promote the development of mineral resource“Recycling”utilization. Thus, there are two paths for mineral resources circular utilization in China: firstly, as for the utilization of waste resources, we should insist on the“Reducing”principle of circular economy to achieve clean operating, resource saving and exhausted pollutant reducing. Ultimately, our country should manage to produce the maximum economic benefits with the minimum energy input and pollution emission. Secondly, as for the regeneration utilization of waste resource, we should stick to the“Recycling”principle of circular economy to proceed overall recycling and advocate the green consumption pattern.
In order to vigorously develop mineral resource circular utilization and guarantee the sustainable utilization of mineral resource, we should manage to achieve the following points: firstly, we should enhance the government's guidance, give full play to the role of market mechanism, greatly develop the tertiary industry, and guide the restructuring and upgrading of industrial structure. Secondly, we should carry out the research on energy-saving and recycling technologies, conduct the designing and producing of recoverable products, promote the transferring and transforming of resources circular utilization technologies, establish the information network for the technology extension and application of resources circular utilization technologies, and strengthen the technical research and practice of mineral resources circular utilization. Thirdly, we should establish perfect resource recovery system and vein industry. Fourthly, make full use of economic means to regulate the development of resource recycling. Fifthly, it’s to improve environmental protection consciousness and promote public participation. Sixthly, we should perfect the laws and regulations system of circulation economy to guarantee the efficient and smooth conduct of mineral resource circular utilization, and promote the development of circular economy.
引文
1王安建,王高尚等.矿产资源与国家经济发展[M].地震出版社,2002:1.
2杨朝飞.解析中国和平发展的环境与资源问题[J/OL].[2008-07-25]. http://www.cntheory.com/news/guonjj/2008/725/08725165759KK6262JBJJ6605A6C9J8.html.
3国土资源部.全国矿产资源规划(2008～2015)[R/OL].[2009-01-07]. www.mlr.gov.cn/ .
4魏晓平.可持续发展战略中矿产资源最适耗竭理论的研究[M].江苏:中国矿业大学出版社,1999:5.
5王安建,王高尚等著.矿产资源与国家经济发展[M].北京:地震出版社,2002:6.
6唐玉兰.资源的稀缺性与循环经济[J].企业家天地(理论版),2006(07):16-18.
7王常文.资源稀缺理论与可持续发展[J].当代经济,2005(4):52.
8萨缪尔森.经济学(上册)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1979:29.
9叶晓燕.商品住宅建筑策划方法研究——以资源配置理论为基础[D].北京:清华大学,2004:95-96.
10李纯英.对两种资源配置方式的若干思考[J].宏观经济研究,1993(8):75-78.
12王世军.矿产资源配置方式分析[J].中国矿业,2005(11):42-44.
13李克国,魏国印,张宝安主编.环境经济学[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2003:69-70.
14李顶峰.地方政府行为外部性研究[D].广东:暨南大学博士学位论文,2007:20.
15牛浩.基于外部性控制的政策机理研究[D].北京:北京交通大学硕士学位论文,2008:9.
16钱易,唐孝炎主编.环境保护与可持续发展[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:138-139.
17诸大建.从可持续发展到循环经济[J].世界经济,2000(3):6-12.
18《自然资源和环境经济学》一书中第二章的标题是“循环经济”—Circular Economy。
19 D W Pearce,R K Tuner. Economics of Natural Resource and the Environmental[M]. Baltimore:The Johns Hopking Press,1990.
20史宝娟.城市循环经济系统构建及评价方法研究[D].天津:天津大学,2006:26-28.
21曲格平.循环经济与环境保护[N].光明日报,2000-11-20(4).
22段宁.清洁生产、生态工业和循环经济[J].环境科学研究,2001,14(6):1-4.
23王金南,俞德辉.发展循环经济是21世纪环境保护的战略选择[J].经济研究参考,2002(6):13-17.
24周宏春.清洁生产:从生态工业到循环经济、循环社会[J].产业与环境,2003,增刊:53-57.
25诸大建.可持续发展呼唤循环经济[J].科技导报,1998(9):39-42.
26冯之浚.循环经济导论[M].北京:人民出版社,2004:82-83.
27吴季松.循环经济[M].北京:北京出版社,2003:3.
28解振华.关于循环经济理论与政策的几点思考[N].光明日报,2003-11-03(7).
29时永明.基于循环经济的黑龙江省黑河市矿产资源开发战略研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2008:72-74.
30王军.循环经济的理论与研究方法[M].北京:经济日报出版社,2007:44-49.
31陈德敏.资源循环利用论[D].重庆:重庆大学,2004:20.
32史宝娟.城市循环经济系统构建及评价方法研究[D].天津:天津大学,2006:2.
33朱明峰.基于循环经济的资源型城市发展理论与应用研究[D].安徽:合肥工业大学,2005:26.
35牛建英.战略矿产资源供应安全研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2007:62.
36王安建,王高尚等著.矿产资源与国家经济发展[M].北京:地震出版社,2002:178.
37王安建,王高尚等著.矿产资源与国家经济发展[M].北京:地震出版社,2002:38-44.
38王安建,王高尚等著.矿产资源与国家经济发展[M].北京:地震出版社,2002:43-44.
39王安建,王高尚等著.矿产资源与国家经济发展[M].北京:地震出版社,2002:280-288.
40王安建,王高尚等著.矿产资源与国家经济发展[M].北京:地震出版社,2002:269.
41国土资源部.全国矿产资源规划(2008～2015)[R/OL].[2009-01-07]. www.mlr.gov.cn/。
42王安建,王高尚等著.矿产资源与国家经济发展[M].北京:地震出版社,2002:28.
43王安建,王高尚等著.矿产资源与国家经济发展[M].北京:地震出版社,2002:112.
44尚辉良.节能减排是再生金属产业发展的前提[J].资源再生,2007(12):68-69.
45王安建,王高尚等著.矿产资源与国家经济发展[M].北京:地震出版社,2002:112.
46 [美]汤姆·泰坦伯格著,严旭阳等译.环境与自然资源经济学[M].经济科学出版社,2003:177.
47王安建,王高尚等著.矿产资源与国家经济发展[M].北京:地震出版社,2002:115.
48戴自希.世界再生金属生产现状与趋势[C],论文集,2005:153.
49戴自希.世界再生金属生产现状与趋势[C],论文集,2005:156.
50王安建,王高尚等著.矿产资源与国家经济发展[M].北京:地震出版社,2002:44.
51王安建,王高尚等著.矿产资源与国家经济发展[M].北京:地震出版社,2002:115-118.
52刘华.发达国家循环经济立法的模式及借鉴[J].中国科技投资,2007(7):75.
53孟迪云.发达国家循环经济立法比较分析及对我国的启示[J].文史博览(理论) ,2007(5):74-75.
54我国环境影响评价实践的现状[OL]. [2008-09-04]. http://www.jzrc.net/.
55张育红.中国推行清洁生产的现状与对策研究[J].污染防治技术,2006(3):75.
56黄淑和.中央企业节能减排活动扎实推进[N].经济日报,2008-03-24(5).
60狭义的有色金属又称非铁金属,是铁、锰、铬以外的所有金属的统称。广义的有色金属还包括有色合金。有色合金是以一种有色金属为基体(通常大于50%),加入一种或几种其他元素而构成的合金。
61王吉位,尚辉良.盘点2007年中国再生金属产业[J].中国金属通报,2008(4):8
62王吉位,李士龙,尚辉良.盘点2008中国再生金属产业[J].资源再生,2009(1):16
63王吉位,李士龙,尚辉良.盘点2008中国再生金属产业[J].资源再生,2009(1):18-19
64王吉位,李士龙,尚辉良.盘点2008中国再生金属产业[J].资源再生,2009(1):18-19.
65 2006年我国有色金属产业快速发展[J].参考咨询,2007(3)
69朱成章.怎么看待中国的节能潜力和节能任务(三)[OL].[2008-12-11].http://www.lrn.cn/.
75王灿发,李俊红.我国循环经济立法现状及相关问题探讨[J].中国发展观察,2008,8:7-9.
[1][美]萨缪尔森.经济学(上册)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1979.
[2][英]马尔萨斯.人口理论[M].北京:商务印书馆,1959.
[3][英]大卫·李嘉图.政治经济学及赋税原理[M].北京:商务印书馆,1972.
[4][英]约翰·斯图亚特·穆勒.政治经济学原理[M].北京:商务印书馆,1981.
[5][美]马歇尔.经济学原理[M].北京:商务印书馆,1965.
[6][英]庇古.福利经济学[M].北京:商务印书馆,1972.
[7][美]鲍莫尔.福利经济及国家理论[]M].北京:商务印书馆,1982.
[8][美]汤姆·泰坦伯格著,严旭阳等译.环境与自然资源经济学[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2003.
[9][美]布朗.生态经济[M].上海:东方出版社,2002。
[10]保罗·萨缪尔森,威廉·诺德毫斯.宏观经济学[M](第16版).北京:华夏出版社,1999.
[11][美]莱斯特·R.布朗.建设一个持续发展的社会[M].北京:科技文献出版社,1984.
[12][日]青木昌彦,奥野正宽,冈崎哲二.市场作用国家的作用[M].北京:中国发展出版社,2002.
[13]魏晓平.可持续发展战略中矿产资源最适耗竭理论的研究[M].江苏:中国矿业大学出版社,1999.
[14]寿嘉华.国土资源管理理论与实践[M].北京:经济管理出版社,1999。
[15]王安建,王高尚等著.矿产资源与国家经济发展[M].北京:地震出版社,2002.
[16]李克国,魏国印,张宝安主编.环境经济学[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2003.
[17]厉以宁,吴易风,李链.西方福利经济学评述[M].北京:商务印书馆,1984.
[18]钱易,唐孝炎主编.环境保护与可持续发展[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[19]王胜今,景跃军主编.人口、资源与发展[M].吉林:吉林人民出版社,2006.
[20]冯之浚.循环经济导论[M].北京:人民出版社,2004.
[21]吴季松.循环经济[M].北京:北京出版社,2003.
[22]张坤.循环经济理论与实践[M].北京:中国环境出版社,2003.
[23]孙国强.循环经济的新范式—循环经济生态城市的理论与实践[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[24]席旭东.矿区资源循环利用模式研究[M].北京.煤炭工业出版社,2006.
[25]刘江.中国资源利用战略研究[M].北京:农业出版社.2002.
[26]邓南圣,吴峰.工业生态学——理论与应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002.
[27]刘思华,刘泉.绿色经济导论[M].北京:同心出版社,2004。
[28]李万亨,杨昌明等.矿产资源经济学[M].北京:中国地质大学出版社,1995.
[30]戴自希,盛继福,白冶等.世界铅锌资源的分布与潜力[M].北京:地震出版社,2005.
[31]王明远.清洁生产法论[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[32]蔡守秋.循环经济立法研究—中国循环经高端论坛[M].北京:人民出版社,2006.
[33]王蓉.资源循环与共享的立法研究—以社会法视角和经济学方法[M].北京:法律出版社,2006.
[34]国家环境保护总局政策法规司编译.循环经济立法选译[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2003.
[35][瑞士]苏伦·埃尔克曼,徐兴元译.工业生态学[M].北京:经济日报出版社,1999.
[36] The Club of Rome’s. The Limits of Growth[M]. New York: Universe Books,1974.
[37]World Commission on Environment and Development(WCED). Our Common Future[M]. New York: Oxford University Press,1987.
[38]D W Pearce , R K Tuner. Economics of Natural Resource and the Environmental [M].Baltimore:The Johns Hopking Press,1990.
[39] Barry Commoner.“The Closing Circle”Bantam Books[M].New York.pp125-155. B.论文集
[1]中国矿业联合会矿产资源委员会.促进矿产资源循环经济发展研讨会论文集[C].北京:[出版者不祥],2005. C.科技报告
[1]中华人民共和国国家统计局. 2008年国民经济和社会发展统计公报[R].北京:国家统计局,2008.
[2]刘德顺,马玉清等.清洁发展机制及气候公约综合谈判对策研究专题总报告R],清华大学核研院,2000年。
[3]中国社会科学院环境与发展中心.中国纯净煤技术应用动向调查[R].北京:中国社会科学院,1997年。D.学位论文
[1]叶晓燕.商品住宅建筑策划方法研究——以资源配置理论为基础[D].北京:清华大学,2004.
[2]林成.从市场失灵到政府失灵——外部性理论及其政策演进[D].辽宁:辽宁大学,2007.
[3]李顶峰.地方政府行为外部性研究[D].广东:暨南大学,2007.
[4]牛浩.基于外部性控制的政策机理研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2008.
[5]史宝娟.城市循环经济系统构建及评价方法研究[D].天津:天津大学,2006.
[6]时永明.基于循环经济的黑龙江省黑河市矿产资源开发战略研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2008.
[7]陈德敏.资源循环利用论[D].重庆:重庆大学,2004.
[8]朱明峰.基于循环经济的资源型城市发展理论与应用研究[D].安徽:合肥工业大学,2005.
[9]牛建英.战略矿产资源供应安全研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2007.
[10]周启梁.论我国资源循环利用的立法模式选择[D].重庆:重庆大学,2007.
[11]谢伟.发达资本主义国家循环经济立法借鉴[D].黑龙江:哈尔滨工程大学,2007. E.期刊中析出的文献
[1]张文驹.矿产资源在实现可持续发展中的特殊性[J].资源经济,2006(3):4-8.
[2]唐玉兰.资源的稀缺性与循环经济[J].企业家天地(理论版),2006(07):16-18.
[3]王常文.资源稀缺理论与可持续发展[J].当代经济,2005(4):52.
[4]李纯英.对两种资源配置方式的若干思考[J].宏观经济研究,1993(8):75-78.
[5]王世军.矿产资源配置方式分析[J].中国矿业,2005(11):42-44.
[6]柯继铭.论市场配置资源的机制[J].西南民族学院学报·哲学社会科学版,1998(10):143-145.
[7]卢现祥.环境、外部性与产权[J].经济评论,2002(4):71。
[8]陈小锋,王万山.外部性激励与控制的经济效率分析[J].湖北大学学报,2003(1):33-36.
[9]白旭.关于“外部性”问题的理论分析史[J].辽宁大学学报,1999(1):95-96.
[10]程启智.内部性与外部性及其政府管制的产权分析[J].管理世界,2002(12):62-68.
[11]诸大建.从可持续发展到循环经济[J].世界经济,2000(3):6-12.
[12]段宁.清洁生产、生态工业和循环经济[J].环境科学研究,2001(6):1-4.
[13]王金南,俞德辉.发展循环经济是21世纪环境保护的战略选择[J].经济研究参考,2002(6):13-17.
[14]周宏春.清洁生产:从生态工业到循环经济、循环社会[J].产业与环境,2003,增刊:53-57.
[15]陈德敏.循环经济的核心内涵是资源循环利用——兼论循环经济概念的科学运用[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2004(2):12-15.
[16]郑志国.循环利用资源的六种方法———以马克思的分析为基点[J],岭南学刊,2007(5):82-86.
[17]尚辉良.节能减排是再生金属产业发展的前提[J].资源再生,2007(12):68-69.
[18]刘华.发达国家循环经济立法的模式及借鉴[J].中国科技投资,2007(7):75.
[19]孟迪云.发达国家循环经济立法比较分析及对我国的启示[J].文史博览(理论),2007(5):74-75.
[20]张育红.中国推行清洁生产的现状与对策研究[J].污染防治技术,2006(3):75.
[21]梁景波,王俊民.对我国加大推行清洁生产的思考[J].环境研究与监测,2006(1):11-13.
[22]张学中,张金顶.清洁生产与环境保护[J].湖北造纸,2006(2):35-38.
[23]王吉位,尚辉良.盘点2007年中国再生金属产业[J].中国金属通报,2008(4):8.
[24]王吉位,李士龙,尚辉良.盘点2008中国再生金属产业[J].资源再生,2009(1):18-19.
[25]2006年我国有色金属产业快速发展[J].参考咨询,2007(3):
[26]许培源.对外贸易依存度提高对经济的影响分析[J].福建农林大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2004 (4):46-49.
[27]张锦高,苏新莉.试论我国环境影响评价的现状和新发展[J].湖北社会科学,2003(1):29-30.
[28]余德辉,魏晓琳.我国清洁生产现状和发展思路[J].中国环保产业,2001(6):16-18.
[29]王士昭.我国推行清洁生产的现状与对策研究[J].能源研究与利用,2005(5):16-18.
[30]宣能啸.我国能源效率问题分析[J].国际石油经济,2004(9):36.
[31]苏民.努力实现节能减排目标中中国的减排潜力到底有多大[J].中国军转民,2007(8):10-11.
[32]周宏春.我国节能减排形势与对策建议[J].世界环境,2007(3):14-16.
[33]张海旺,范宝虹.当前节能减排的主要制约因素[J].中国国情电力,2007(11):15-16.
[34]石吉金.我国矿业循环经济评价指标体系的构建及运用研究[J].资源与产业,2008(3):32-34.
[35]卢业授,郭敏.矿产资源领域循环经济评价指标体系探讨[J].中国矿业,2008(1):32-36.
[36]徐霄红.循环经济统计指标体系的构建与评价[J].浙江统计,2008(12):15-18.
[37]李慧明,郝冀,崔晓莹.中日韩循环经济政策比较研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2006(03):135-140。
[38]王灿发,李俊红.我国循环经济立法现状及相关问题探讨[J].中国发展观察,2008,8:7-9
[39]郭晓宇.解读循环经济促进法[J].化工管理,2008(09):5-7。
[40]张庆卫,张式军.循环经济立法比较研究[J].经济师,2006(6):85-86.
[41]Morris K.Udall. Spaceship Earth--Standing Room Only A bold plan to save us from ourselves[J]. Copyright 1969 by The Arizona Republic. Reprinted with permission from Arizona Magazine,July 27,1969,pp70-85
[42]Dara O'Rourke,Lloyd Connelly,Catherine Koshland. Industrial Ecology: a Critical Review[J]. International Journal of Environment and Pollution,Vol.6,Nos.2/3,pp.89-112,1996.
[43] Gertler and Allenby (1995). Industrial Ecology-An Agenda for Environmental Management[J]. Whole Earth review.77,pp4-19.
[44]Ehrenfeld,J.R.(1994),Industrial Ecology. A Strategic Framework for Product Policy and Other Sustainable Practices[J]. The Second International Conference and Workshop on Product Oriented Policy,Stockholm.pp135-155。
[45]Barry Commoner. The Closing Circle—Nature, Man and Technology [J].1974.
[46]Robert Rasmussen. The Industrial Symbiosis in Kalundborg and the Symbiosis Institute[J].Proceedings of 1st European Conference on Industrial Ecology.Barcelona,Spain,1997.
[47]Anderson C.L. The Production Process: Input&Wast e [J]. Environ. Econ.Management,14(1) 1987.
[48]Nystrom, Halvard E.Kehr, William R., Pollock, James. Impediments to Refractory Recycling Decision-making[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling,April,2001.
[1]曲格平.循环经济与环境保护[N].光明日报,2000-11-20.
[2]解振华.关于循环经济理论与政策的几点思考[N].光明日报,2003-11-03 .
[3]黄淑和.中央企业节能减排活动扎实推进[N].经济日报,2008-03-24(5).
[4]廖小平、洪源渤.和谐社会的代际纬度[N].光明日报,2005-11-4.
[1]国土资源部.全国矿产资源规划(2008～2015)[OL].www.mlr.gov.cn/ .
[2]我国环境影响评价实践的现状[OL]. [2008-09-04]. http://www.jzrc.net/.
[3]杨朝飞.解析中国和平发展的环境与资源问题[OL]. http://www.cntheory.com/。
[4]我国废钢进口量持续下降的原因剖析[OL]. 2007-05-28. www.lgmi.com/
[5]朱成章.怎么看待中国的节能潜力和节能任务(三)[OL].http://www.lrn.cn/
[6]中国制定循环经济法具有三大积极作用[OL],http://www.sina.com.cn 2007年08月26日。
[7]关于《循环经济评价指标体系》的说明[OL].[2008-06-30]. http://www.hbxhjj.com/zcfg/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=126&Page=1
[8]Robert U. Ayres, John Holmberg, and Bj?rn Andersson (2001)“Materials and the Global Environment: Waste Mining in the 21st Century”MRS BULLETIN/JUNE 2001 come from www.mrs.org/publications/ bulletin
2杨朝飞.解析中国和平发展的环境与资源问题[J/OL].[2008-07-25]. http://www.cntheory.com/news/guonjj/2008/725/08725165759KK6262JBJJ6605A6C9J8.html.
3国土资源部.全国矿产资源规划(2008～2015)[R/OL].[2009-01-07]. www.mlr.gov.cn/ .
4魏晓平.可持续发展战略中矿产资源最适耗竭理论的研究[M].江苏:中国矿业大学出版社,1999:5.
5王安建,王高尚等著.矿产资源与国家经济发展[M].北京:地震出版社,2002:6.
6唐玉兰.资源的稀缺性与循环经济[J].企业家天地(理论版),2006(07):16-18.
7王常文.资源稀缺理论与可持续发展[J].当代经济,2005(4):52.
8萨缪尔森.经济学(上册)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1979:29.
9叶晓燕.商品住宅建筑策划方法研究——以资源配置理论为基础[D].北京:清华大学,2004:95-96.
10李纯英.对两种资源配置方式的若干思考[J].宏观经济研究,1993(8):75-78.
12王世军.矿产资源配置方式分析[J].中国矿业,2005(11):42-44.
13李克国,魏国印,张宝安主编.环境经济学[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2003:69-70.
14李顶峰.地方政府行为外部性研究[D].广东:暨南大学博士学位论文,2007:20.
15牛浩.基于外部性控制的政策机理研究[D].北京:北京交通大学硕士学位论文,2008:9.
16钱易,唐孝炎主编.环境保护与可持续发展[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:138-139.
17诸大建.从可持续发展到循环经济[J].世界经济,2000(3):6-12.
18《自然资源和环境经济学》一书中第二章的标题是“循环经济”—Circular Economy。
19 D W Pearce,R K Tuner. Economics of Natural Resource and the Environmental[M]. Baltimore:The Johns Hopking Press,1990.
20史宝娟.城市循环经济系统构建及评价方法研究[D].天津:天津大学,2006:26-28.
21曲格平.循环经济与环境保护[N].光明日报,2000-11-20(4).
22段宁.清洁生产、生态工业和循环经济[J].环境科学研究,2001,14(6):1-4.
23王金南,俞德辉.发展循环经济是21世纪环境保护的战略选择[J].经济研究参考,2002(6):13-17.
24周宏春.清洁生产:从生态工业到循环经济、循环社会[J].产业与环境,2003,增刊:53-57.
25诸大建.可持续发展呼唤循环经济[J].科技导报,1998(9):39-42.
26冯之浚.循环经济导论[M].北京:人民出版社,2004:82-83.
27吴季松.循环经济[M].北京:北京出版社,2003:3.
28解振华.关于循环经济理论与政策的几点思考[N].光明日报,2003-11-03(7).
29时永明.基于循环经济的黑龙江省黑河市矿产资源开发战略研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2008:72-74.
30王军.循环经济的理论与研究方法[M].北京:经济日报出版社,2007:44-49.
31陈德敏.资源循环利用论[D].重庆:重庆大学,2004:20.
32史宝娟.城市循环经济系统构建及评价方法研究[D].天津:天津大学,2006:2.
33朱明峰.基于循环经济的资源型城市发展理论与应用研究[D].安徽:合肥工业大学,2005:26.
35牛建英.战略矿产资源供应安全研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2007:62.
36王安建,王高尚等著.矿产资源与国家经济发展[M].北京:地震出版社,2002:178.
37王安建,王高尚等著.矿产资源与国家经济发展[M].北京:地震出版社,2002:38-44.
38王安建,王高尚等著.矿产资源与国家经济发展[M].北京:地震出版社,2002:43-44.
39王安建,王高尚等著.矿产资源与国家经济发展[M].北京:地震出版社,2002:280-288.
40王安建,王高尚等著.矿产资源与国家经济发展[M].北京:地震出版社,2002:269.
41国土资源部.全国矿产资源规划(2008～2015)[R/OL].[2009-01-07]. www.mlr.gov.cn/。
42王安建,王高尚等著.矿产资源与国家经济发展[M].北京:地震出版社,2002:28.
43王安建,王高尚等著.矿产资源与国家经济发展[M].北京:地震出版社,2002:112.
44尚辉良.节能减排是再生金属产业发展的前提[J].资源再生,2007(12):68-69.
45王安建,王高尚等著.矿产资源与国家经济发展[M].北京:地震出版社,2002:112.
46 [美]汤姆·泰坦伯格著,严旭阳等译.环境与自然资源经济学[M].经济科学出版社,2003:177.
47王安建,王高尚等著.矿产资源与国家经济发展[M].北京:地震出版社,2002:115.
48戴自希.世界再生金属生产现状与趋势[C],论文集,2005:153.
49戴自希.世界再生金属生产现状与趋势[C],论文集,2005:156.
50王安建,王高尚等著.矿产资源与国家经济发展[M].北京:地震出版社,2002:44.
51王安建,王高尚等著.矿产资源与国家经济发展[M].北京:地震出版社,2002:115-118.
52刘华.发达国家循环经济立法的模式及借鉴[J].中国科技投资,2007(7):75.
53孟迪云.发达国家循环经济立法比较分析及对我国的启示[J].文史博览(理论) ,2007(5):74-75.
54我国环境影响评价实践的现状[OL]. [2008-09-04]. http://www.jzrc.net/.
55张育红.中国推行清洁生产的现状与对策研究[J].污染防治技术,2006(3):75.
56黄淑和.中央企业节能减排活动扎实推进[N].经济日报,2008-03-24(5).
60狭义的有色金属又称非铁金属,是铁、锰、铬以外的所有金属的统称。广义的有色金属还包括有色合金。有色合金是以一种有色金属为基体(通常大于50%),加入一种或几种其他元素而构成的合金。
61王吉位,尚辉良.盘点2007年中国再生金属产业[J].中国金属通报,2008(4):8
62王吉位,李士龙,尚辉良.盘点2008中国再生金属产业[J].资源再生,2009(1):16
63王吉位,李士龙,尚辉良.盘点2008中国再生金属产业[J].资源再生,2009(1):18-19
64王吉位,李士龙,尚辉良.盘点2008中国再生金属产业[J].资源再生,2009(1):18-19.
65 2006年我国有色金属产业快速发展[J].参考咨询,2007(3)
69朱成章.怎么看待中国的节能潜力和节能任务(三)[OL].[2008-12-11].http://www.lrn.cn/.
75王灿发,李俊红.我国循环经济立法现状及相关问题探讨[J].中国发展观察,2008,8:7-9.
[1][美]萨缪尔森.经济学(上册)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1979.
[2][英]马尔萨斯.人口理论[M].北京:商务印书馆,1959.
[3][英]大卫·李嘉图.政治经济学及赋税原理[M].北京:商务印书馆,1972.
[4][英]约翰·斯图亚特·穆勒.政治经济学原理[M].北京:商务印书馆,1981.
[5][美]马歇尔.经济学原理[M].北京:商务印书馆,1965.
[6][英]庇古.福利经济学[M].北京:商务印书馆,1972.
[7][美]鲍莫尔.福利经济及国家理论[]M].北京:商务印书馆,1982.
[8][美]汤姆·泰坦伯格著,严旭阳等译.环境与自然资源经济学[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2003.
[9][美]布朗.生态经济[M].上海:东方出版社,2002。
[10]保罗·萨缪尔森,威廉·诺德毫斯.宏观经济学[M](第16版).北京:华夏出版社,1999.
[11][美]莱斯特·R.布朗.建设一个持续发展的社会[M].北京:科技文献出版社,1984.
[12][日]青木昌彦,奥野正宽,冈崎哲二.市场作用国家的作用[M].北京:中国发展出版社,2002.
[13]魏晓平.可持续发展战略中矿产资源最适耗竭理论的研究[M].江苏:中国矿业大学出版社,1999.
[14]寿嘉华.国土资源管理理论与实践[M].北京:经济管理出版社,1999。
[15]王安建,王高尚等著.矿产资源与国家经济发展[M].北京:地震出版社,2002.
[16]李克国,魏国印,张宝安主编.环境经济学[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2003.
[17]厉以宁,吴易风,李链.西方福利经济学评述[M].北京:商务印书馆,1984.
[18]钱易,唐孝炎主编.环境保护与可持续发展[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[19]王胜今,景跃军主编.人口、资源与发展[M].吉林:吉林人民出版社,2006.
[20]冯之浚.循环经济导论[M].北京:人民出版社,2004.
[21]吴季松.循环经济[M].北京:北京出版社,2003.
[22]张坤.循环经济理论与实践[M].北京:中国环境出版社,2003.
[23]孙国强.循环经济的新范式—循环经济生态城市的理论与实践[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[24]席旭东.矿区资源循环利用模式研究[M].北京.煤炭工业出版社,2006.
[25]刘江.中国资源利用战略研究[M].北京:农业出版社.2002.
[26]邓南圣,吴峰.工业生态学——理论与应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002.
[27]刘思华,刘泉.绿色经济导论[M].北京:同心出版社,2004。
[28]李万亨,杨昌明等.矿产资源经济学[M].北京:中国地质大学出版社,1995.
[30]戴自希,盛继福,白冶等.世界铅锌资源的分布与潜力[M].北京:地震出版社,2005.
[31]王明远.清洁生产法论[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[32]蔡守秋.循环经济立法研究—中国循环经高端论坛[M].北京:人民出版社,2006.
[33]王蓉.资源循环与共享的立法研究—以社会法视角和经济学方法[M].北京:法律出版社,2006.
[34]国家环境保护总局政策法规司编译.循环经济立法选译[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2003.
[35][瑞士]苏伦·埃尔克曼,徐兴元译.工业生态学[M].北京:经济日报出版社,1999.
[36] The Club of Rome’s. The Limits of Growth[M]. New York: Universe Books,1974.
[37]World Commission on Environment and Development(WCED). Our Common Future[M]. New York: Oxford University Press,1987.
[38]D W Pearce , R K Tuner. Economics of Natural Resource and the Environmental [M].Baltimore:The Johns Hopking Press,1990.
[39] Barry Commoner.“The Closing Circle”Bantam Books[M].New York.pp125-155. B.论文集
[1]中国矿业联合会矿产资源委员会.促进矿产资源循环经济发展研讨会论文集[C].北京:[出版者不祥],2005. C.科技报告
[1]中华人民共和国国家统计局. 2008年国民经济和社会发展统计公报[R].北京:国家统计局,2008.
[2]刘德顺,马玉清等.清洁发展机制及气候公约综合谈判对策研究专题总报告R],清华大学核研院,2000年。
[3]中国社会科学院环境与发展中心.中国纯净煤技术应用动向调查[R].北京:中国社会科学院,1997年。D.学位论文
[1]叶晓燕.商品住宅建筑策划方法研究——以资源配置理论为基础[D].北京:清华大学,2004.
[2]林成.从市场失灵到政府失灵——外部性理论及其政策演进[D].辽宁:辽宁大学,2007.
[3]李顶峰.地方政府行为外部性研究[D].广东:暨南大学,2007.
[4]牛浩.基于外部性控制的政策机理研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2008.
[5]史宝娟.城市循环经济系统构建及评价方法研究[D].天津:天津大学,2006.
[6]时永明.基于循环经济的黑龙江省黑河市矿产资源开发战略研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2008.
[7]陈德敏.资源循环利用论[D].重庆:重庆大学,2004.
[8]朱明峰.基于循环经济的资源型城市发展理论与应用研究[D].安徽:合肥工业大学,2005.
[9]牛建英.战略矿产资源供应安全研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2007.
[10]周启梁.论我国资源循环利用的立法模式选择[D].重庆:重庆大学,2007.
[11]谢伟.发达资本主义国家循环经济立法借鉴[D].黑龙江:哈尔滨工程大学,2007. E.期刊中析出的文献
[1]张文驹.矿产资源在实现可持续发展中的特殊性[J].资源经济,2006(3):4-8.
[2]唐玉兰.资源的稀缺性与循环经济[J].企业家天地(理论版),2006(07):16-18.
[3]王常文.资源稀缺理论与可持续发展[J].当代经济,2005(4):52.
[4]李纯英.对两种资源配置方式的若干思考[J].宏观经济研究,1993(8):75-78.
[5]王世军.矿产资源配置方式分析[J].中国矿业,2005(11):42-44.
[6]柯继铭.论市场配置资源的机制[J].西南民族学院学报·哲学社会科学版,1998(10):143-145.
[7]卢现祥.环境、外部性与产权[J].经济评论,2002(4):71。
[8]陈小锋,王万山.外部性激励与控制的经济效率分析[J].湖北大学学报,2003(1):33-36.
[9]白旭.关于“外部性”问题的理论分析史[J].辽宁大学学报,1999(1):95-96.
[10]程启智.内部性与外部性及其政府管制的产权分析[J].管理世界,2002(12):62-68.
[11]诸大建.从可持续发展到循环经济[J].世界经济,2000(3):6-12.
[12]段宁.清洁生产、生态工业和循环经济[J].环境科学研究,2001(6):1-4.
[13]王金南,俞德辉.发展循环经济是21世纪环境保护的战略选择[J].经济研究参考,2002(6):13-17.
[14]周宏春.清洁生产:从生态工业到循环经济、循环社会[J].产业与环境,2003,增刊:53-57.
[15]陈德敏.循环经济的核心内涵是资源循环利用——兼论循环经济概念的科学运用[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2004(2):12-15.
[16]郑志国.循环利用资源的六种方法———以马克思的分析为基点[J],岭南学刊,2007(5):82-86.
[17]尚辉良.节能减排是再生金属产业发展的前提[J].资源再生,2007(12):68-69.
[18]刘华.发达国家循环经济立法的模式及借鉴[J].中国科技投资,2007(7):75.
[19]孟迪云.发达国家循环经济立法比较分析及对我国的启示[J].文史博览(理论),2007(5):74-75.
[20]张育红.中国推行清洁生产的现状与对策研究[J].污染防治技术,2006(3):75.
[21]梁景波,王俊民.对我国加大推行清洁生产的思考[J].环境研究与监测,2006(1):11-13.
[22]张学中,张金顶.清洁生产与环境保护[J].湖北造纸,2006(2):35-38.
[23]王吉位,尚辉良.盘点2007年中国再生金属产业[J].中国金属通报,2008(4):8.
[24]王吉位,李士龙,尚辉良.盘点2008中国再生金属产业[J].资源再生,2009(1):18-19.
[25]2006年我国有色金属产业快速发展[J].参考咨询,2007(3):
[26]许培源.对外贸易依存度提高对经济的影响分析[J].福建农林大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2004 (4):46-49.
[27]张锦高,苏新莉.试论我国环境影响评价的现状和新发展[J].湖北社会科学,2003(1):29-30.
[28]余德辉,魏晓琳.我国清洁生产现状和发展思路[J].中国环保产业,2001(6):16-18.
[29]王士昭.我国推行清洁生产的现状与对策研究[J].能源研究与利用,2005(5):16-18.
[30]宣能啸.我国能源效率问题分析[J].国际石油经济,2004(9):36.
[31]苏民.努力实现节能减排目标中中国的减排潜力到底有多大[J].中国军转民,2007(8):10-11.
[32]周宏春.我国节能减排形势与对策建议[J].世界环境,2007(3):14-16.
[33]张海旺,范宝虹.当前节能减排的主要制约因素[J].中国国情电力,2007(11):15-16.
[34]石吉金.我国矿业循环经济评价指标体系的构建及运用研究[J].资源与产业,2008(3):32-34.
[35]卢业授,郭敏.矿产资源领域循环经济评价指标体系探讨[J].中国矿业,2008(1):32-36.
[36]徐霄红.循环经济统计指标体系的构建与评价[J].浙江统计,2008(12):15-18.
[37]李慧明,郝冀,崔晓莹.中日韩循环经济政策比较研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2006(03):135-140。
[38]王灿发,李俊红.我国循环经济立法现状及相关问题探讨[J].中国发展观察,2008,8:7-9
[39]郭晓宇.解读循环经济促进法[J].化工管理,2008(09):5-7。
[40]张庆卫,张式军.循环经济立法比较研究[J].经济师,2006(6):85-86.
[41]Morris K.Udall. Spaceship Earth--Standing Room Only A bold plan to save us from ourselves[J]. Copyright 1969 by The Arizona Republic. Reprinted with permission from Arizona Magazine,July 27,1969,pp70-85
[42]Dara O'Rourke,Lloyd Connelly,Catherine Koshland. Industrial Ecology: a Critical Review[J]. International Journal of Environment and Pollution,Vol.6,Nos.2/3,pp.89-112,1996.
[43] Gertler and Allenby (1995). Industrial Ecology-An Agenda for Environmental Management[J]. Whole Earth review.77,pp4-19.
[44]Ehrenfeld,J.R.(1994),Industrial Ecology. A Strategic Framework for Product Policy and Other Sustainable Practices[J]. The Second International Conference and Workshop on Product Oriented Policy,Stockholm.pp135-155。
[45]Barry Commoner. The Closing Circle—Nature, Man and Technology [J].1974.
[46]Robert Rasmussen. The Industrial Symbiosis in Kalundborg and the Symbiosis Institute[J].Proceedings of 1st European Conference on Industrial Ecology.Barcelona,Spain,1997.
[47]Anderson C.L. The Production Process: Input&Wast e [J]. Environ. Econ.Management,14(1) 1987.
[48]Nystrom, Halvard E.Kehr, William R., Pollock, James. Impediments to Refractory Recycling Decision-making[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling,April,2001.
[1]曲格平.循环经济与环境保护[N].光明日报,2000-11-20.
[2]解振华.关于循环经济理论与政策的几点思考[N].光明日报,2003-11-03 .
[3]黄淑和.中央企业节能减排活动扎实推进[N].经济日报,2008-03-24(5).
[4]廖小平、洪源渤.和谐社会的代际纬度[N].光明日报,2005-11-4.
[1]国土资源部.全国矿产资源规划(2008～2015)[OL].www.mlr.gov.cn/ .
[2]我国环境影响评价实践的现状[OL]. [2008-09-04]. http://www.jzrc.net/.
[3]杨朝飞.解析中国和平发展的环境与资源问题[OL]. http://www.cntheory.com/。
[4]我国废钢进口量持续下降的原因剖析[OL]. 2007-05-28. www.lgmi.com/
[5]朱成章.怎么看待中国的节能潜力和节能任务(三)[OL].http://www.lrn.cn/
[6]中国制定循环经济法具有三大积极作用[OL],http://www.sina.com.cn 2007年08月26日。
[7]关于《循环经济评价指标体系》的说明[OL].[2008-06-30]. http://www.hbxhjj.com/zcfg/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=126&Page=1
[8]Robert U. Ayres, John Holmberg, and Bj?rn Andersson (2001)“Materials and the Global Environment: Waste Mining in the 21st Century”MRS BULLETIN/JUNE 2001 come from www.mrs.org/publications/ bulletin