差错控制技术在GSM移动通信系统无线接口中的实现
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摘要
自移动通信系统在我国投入使用以来，移动电话的数目增长迅速，从而形成了移动电话测试和维修设备的广阔市场。国外进口设备虽然功能齐全，但价格昂贵、操作不便；而国内厂家的测试仪器不支持相关的GSM协议，因而无法满足广大测试维修人员的需求。鉴于以上情况，武汉理工大学和湖北众友公司联合开发了支持GSM900／DCS1800协议的GSM移动电话综合测试仪。
差错控制技术是GSM移动通信系统无线接口协议的核心内容，本课题的任务是将差错控制技术的原理与相关的软、硬件结合起来，在GSM移动电话综合测试仪的数字基带模块中实现GSM无线接口的物理层协议，完成差错控制技术中的循环码、卷积码、交织、Viterbi译码等前向纠错技术。在基带模块与中央控制单元和射频模块的配合下，由综测仪产生GSM的TDMA帧信号，在测试仪和手机之间建立入网联系，从而完成对手机的频谱特性、峰值功率、功率斜升及功率等级等各项指标的测试。
The quantity of mobile phone has had a great increase since GSM mobile communication system was put in use in China. Accordingly, it has formed a big market of the equipment for testing and repair . Because of the related foreign instruments' high price and difficult operation, it's hard for most testing personnel to use them conveniently. And at the same time, the testing equipments made by civil companies don't support the corresponding protocol of GSM, so the need of these personnel's can't be satisfied, either. Based on what I have mentioned above, The Wuhan University of Technology and Hubei Zhongyou Company empolder the Mobile Station Test Set which support all the related protocol of GSM900.
In the GSM system, Error-control is the key-technology of the Wireless-Interface. Combining the Error-Control technology with the software and hardware, in the baseband transmit part of the GSM Mobile Station Test Set, I'll provide a module which can accomplish the physical layer's protocol of the Wireless-Interface., and the FEC technologies, such as cyclic code, convolutional code and Viterbi decode, can be achieved by the baseband module, too. By the cooperation of the baseband unit, center control unit and radio unit, the test set can provide the TDMA frame signals with which a call-link between test set and mobile phone will be set up. Having set up such a link, a lot of test for mobile phones' function, such as frequency quality, peak power and power level, will be accurately accomplished.
差错控制技术是GSM移动通信系统无线接口协议的核心内容，本课题的任务是将差错控制技术的原理与相关的软、硬件结合起来，在GSM移动电话综合测试仪的数字基带模块中实现GSM无线接口的物理层协议，完成差错控制技术中的循环码、卷积码、交织、Viterbi译码等前向纠错技术。在基带模块与中央控制单元和射频模块的配合下，由综测仪产生GSM的TDMA帧信号，在测试仪和手机之间建立入网联系，从而完成对手机的频谱特性、峰值功率、功率斜升及功率等级等各项指标的测试。
The quantity of mobile phone has had a great increase since GSM mobile communication system was put in use in China. Accordingly, it has formed a big market of the equipment for testing and repair . Because of the related foreign instruments' high price and difficult operation, it's hard for most testing personnel to use them conveniently. And at the same time, the testing equipments made by civil companies don't support the corresponding protocol of GSM, so the need of these personnel's can't be satisfied, either. Based on what I have mentioned above, The Wuhan University of Technology and Hubei Zhongyou Company empolder the Mobile Station Test Set which support all the related protocol of GSM900.
In the GSM system, Error-control is the key-technology of the Wireless-Interface. Combining the Error-Control technology with the software and hardware, in the baseband transmit part of the GSM Mobile Station Test Set, I'll provide a module which can accomplish the physical layer's protocol of the Wireless-Interface., and the FEC technologies, such as cyclic code, convolutional code and Viterbi decode, can be achieved by the baseband module, too. By the cooperation of the baseband unit, center control unit and radio unit, the test set can provide the TDMA frame signals with which a call-link between test set and mobile phone will be set up. Having set up such a link, a lot of test for mobile phones' function, such as frequency quality, peak power and power level, will be accurately accomplished.
引文
[1] C.E.Shannon. A Mathematical Theory of Communications. Bell Sys. Tech . J . ,1948,27(7) : 379-423, and 1948 , 27(10) :623-656
[2] C.Berrou, A.Galvieux, and P.Thitimajshima,, Near The Shannon Limit ErrorCorrecting and Decoding: Turbo Codes, In: Proc IEEE ICC', [C], 1993, 1064-1070
[3] L.Bahl, J.Cocke, F.Jelinek, and J.Taviv. Optimal Decoding of Linear Codes for Minimizing Symbol Error Rate. IEEE Trans. IT, March 1974,20:284-287
[4] WCDMA Proposal:3GPP Proposals TS SI .12 V2． 0． 0, TS25 .212． V2． 2． 0
[5] CATT, TD-SCDMA Ratio Transmission Technology for IMT2000, 1998
[6] Robertson P, Woerz T. Bandwidth Efficient Turbo Trellis Codes Modulation Using Punctured Component Codes. IEEE J S A in Comm, 1998,16(2) :206-218
[7] Lin-Nan Lee, A.Roger Hammons, Feng-Wen Sun, and Mustafa Eroz. Application and Standardization of Turbo Codes in Third-generation High-speed Wireless Data Services. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol 49, No 6, November 2000:2198-2208
[8] S.Benedetto, D.Divsalar, G.Montorsi, and F.Pollara. Paralleled concatenation of interleaved codes: Performing analysis, design, and iterative decoding. IEEE trans. On IT. May 1998 44(3) : 909-926
[9] D.Divsalar and F.Pollara, On the Design of Turbo Codes, JPL TDA Progress Rep. No V. 15, 1995:42-123
[10] J.Hagenauer, E.Offer, and L.Papke, Iterative Decoding of Binary Bock and Convolutional Codes, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, Vol. 42, , Nov.1996 : 1698-1709
[11] Divsalar D, Pollara F. Multiple Turbo Codes[J]. IEEE ICC' 95,1995:279-285
[12] 3rd Generation Partnership Project, Technical Specification Group, Radio Access Network, Working Group l, Multiplexing and Channel Coding(FDD)
[13] Standard for CDMA2000 Spread Spectrum Systems, EIA/TIA IS-2000． 1-6
[14] Hughes Network Systems, contribution to 3rd Generation Partnership Project, Wording Group 1, Complexity of 4-states vs. 8-states Turbo Decoders, 1998
[15] Dokinar S , Divsalar D. Weight Distribution for Turbo Codes Using Random and Nonrandom Permutations[R]. TDA Progress Rep 42122, 1995． 56-65
[16] S.Benedetto, Montorsi G. Unveiling Turbo Codes: Some Results on Parallel Concatenated Coding Schemes[J]. IEEE Tran Inform Theory, 1996, 42(2) :409-428
[17] P.Robertson, E.Villebrum, and D.J.Costello Jr, A comparison of optimal and sub-optimal MAP decoding algorithms operating in the log domain, In: Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun, Vol. 2, Seattle, WA, June 1995:1009-1013
[18] GSM 04． 13: European digital cellular telecommunications system (phase 2+); Performance requirements on the mobile radio interface (version 7． 0． 1 Release 1998)
[19] GSM 05． 02: European digital cellular telecommunications system (phase 2+); Physical layer on the radio path; General description (version 8． 3． 0 release 1999)
[20] GSM 05． 02: European digital cellular telecommunications system(phase2+); Multiplexing and multiple access on the radio path (version 6． 4． 1 release 1997)
[21] GSM 11． 20-DCS: European digital cellular telecommunications system (phase2+); DCS 1800 Base Station Specification (version 3． 13． 0)
[22] GSM 11． 20 : European digital cellular telecommunications system (phase2+);Base Station system Equipement Specification (version 3． 19． 0)
[23] GSM 11． 40: European digital cellular telecommunications system (phasel); mobile station conformance test system; System simulator Specification
[24] RI/GSM 11． 40: European digital cellular telecommunications system (phasel); mobile station conformance test system; System simulator specification(Amendment)
[25] GSM 05． 08: European digital cellular telecommunications system (phase 2+); Radio subsystem Link control (version 7． 1． 1 Release 1998)
[26] GSM 05． 10 : European digital cellular telecommunications system (phase 2) ; Radio subsystem synchronization (version 7． 1． 1 Release 1998)
[27] GSM 06． 01: European digital cellular telecommunications system (phase 2+); Full rate speech Processing functions (version 7． 0． 2 Release 1998)
[28] GSM 08． 51: European digital cellular telecommunications system (phase 2+); Base Station Controller-Base Transceiver Station (BSC-BTS) interface; General aspects (version 7． 0． 0 Release 1998)
[29] GSM 08． 52 : European digital cellular telecommunications system (phase2+); Base Station Controller-Base Transceiver Station (BSC-BTS) interface; Interface principles (version 7． 0． 0 Release 1998)
[30] GSM 08． 56: European digital cellular telecommunications system (phase 2+); Base Station Controller-Base Transceiver Station (BSC-BTS) interface; Layer 2 sprcification (version 7． 0． 0 Release 1998)
[31] 孙立新，刑宁霞．《CDMA移动通信技术》．北京：人民邮电出版社， 1996
[32]王秉钧等，《扩频通信》．天津：天津大学出版社，1993
[33]Jhong Sam Lee Leon著，许希斌等译．《CDMA系统工程与手册》．人民邮电出版社，2001．2
[34]Lawrence Hage等．《蜂窝及个人通信系统中的CDMA IS-95——技术、运营和业务》．人民邮电出版社，2001．9
[35]Vijay K. Garg著，于鹏等译．《第三代移动通信系统原理与工程设计：IS-95 CDMA和cdma2000》．电子工业出版社，2001．1
[36]Kyoung, Kim．《CDMA系统设计与优化》．人民邮电出版社，2000，12
[37]邬国扬．《CDMA数字蜂窝网》．西安电子科技大学出版社，2000．6
[38]胡爱群，苏杰．《CDAM信令系统》．东南大学出版社，1997．10
[39]郭梯云，杨家玮，李建．《数字移动通信(修订本)》．人民邮电出版社．2001．3
[40]万屹编．《CDMA数字蜂窝移动通信网信令技术》．人民邮电出版社．1999．9
[41]竺南直，肖辉，刘景波．《码分多址(CDMA)移动通信系统》．电子工业出版社，2000．5
[42]吴伟陵．《移动通信中的关键技术》．北京邮电大学出版社，2000．10
[43]中敏，邓矣兵，郑建宏．《DSP原理及其在移动通信中的应用》．人民邮电出版社，2001．9
[44]马忠梅等．《单片机的C语言应用程序设计》．北京航空航天大学出版社，1999．1
[45]张雄伟等．《DSP芯片的原理与应用开发》．电子工业出版社，2000．9
[46]王念旭等．《DSP基础与应用系统设计》．北京航空航天大学出版社，2001．8
[2] C.Berrou, A.Galvieux, and P.Thitimajshima,, Near The Shannon Limit ErrorCorrecting and Decoding: Turbo Codes, In: Proc IEEE ICC', [C], 1993, 1064-1070
[3] L.Bahl, J.Cocke, F.Jelinek, and J.Taviv. Optimal Decoding of Linear Codes for Minimizing Symbol Error Rate. IEEE Trans. IT, March 1974,20:284-287
[4] WCDMA Proposal:3GPP Proposals TS SI .12 V2． 0． 0, TS25 .212． V2． 2． 0
[5] CATT, TD-SCDMA Ratio Transmission Technology for IMT2000, 1998
[6] Robertson P, Woerz T. Bandwidth Efficient Turbo Trellis Codes Modulation Using Punctured Component Codes. IEEE J S A in Comm, 1998,16(2) :206-218
[7] Lin-Nan Lee, A.Roger Hammons, Feng-Wen Sun, and Mustafa Eroz. Application and Standardization of Turbo Codes in Third-generation High-speed Wireless Data Services. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol 49, No 6, November 2000:2198-2208
[8] S.Benedetto, D.Divsalar, G.Montorsi, and F.Pollara. Paralleled concatenation of interleaved codes: Performing analysis, design, and iterative decoding. IEEE trans. On IT. May 1998 44(3) : 909-926
[9] D.Divsalar and F.Pollara, On the Design of Turbo Codes, JPL TDA Progress Rep. No V. 15, 1995:42-123
[10] J.Hagenauer, E.Offer, and L.Papke, Iterative Decoding of Binary Bock and Convolutional Codes, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, Vol. 42, , Nov.1996 : 1698-1709
[11] Divsalar D, Pollara F. Multiple Turbo Codes[J]. IEEE ICC' 95,1995:279-285
[12] 3rd Generation Partnership Project, Technical Specification Group, Radio Access Network, Working Group l, Multiplexing and Channel Coding(FDD)
[13] Standard for CDMA2000 Spread Spectrum Systems, EIA/TIA IS-2000． 1-6
[14] Hughes Network Systems, contribution to 3rd Generation Partnership Project, Wording Group 1, Complexity of 4-states vs. 8-states Turbo Decoders, 1998
[15] Dokinar S , Divsalar D. Weight Distribution for Turbo Codes Using Random and Nonrandom Permutations[R]. TDA Progress Rep 42122, 1995． 56-65
[16] S.Benedetto, Montorsi G. Unveiling Turbo Codes: Some Results on Parallel Concatenated Coding Schemes[J]. IEEE Tran Inform Theory, 1996, 42(2) :409-428
[17] P.Robertson, E.Villebrum, and D.J.Costello Jr, A comparison of optimal and sub-optimal MAP decoding algorithms operating in the log domain, In: Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun, Vol. 2, Seattle, WA, June 1995:1009-1013
[18] GSM 04． 13: European digital cellular telecommunications system (phase 2+); Performance requirements on the mobile radio interface (version 7． 0． 1 Release 1998)
[19] GSM 05． 02: European digital cellular telecommunications system (phase 2+); Physical layer on the radio path; General description (version 8． 3． 0 release 1999)
[20] GSM 05． 02: European digital cellular telecommunications system(phase2+); Multiplexing and multiple access on the radio path (version 6． 4． 1 release 1997)
[21] GSM 11． 20-DCS: European digital cellular telecommunications system (phase2+); DCS 1800 Base Station Specification (version 3． 13． 0)
[22] GSM 11． 20 : European digital cellular telecommunications system (phase2+);Base Station system Equipement Specification (version 3． 19． 0)
[23] GSM 11． 40: European digital cellular telecommunications system (phasel); mobile station conformance test system; System simulator Specification
[24] RI/GSM 11． 40: European digital cellular telecommunications system (phasel); mobile station conformance test system; System simulator specification(Amendment)
[25] GSM 05． 08: European digital cellular telecommunications system (phase 2+); Radio subsystem Link control (version 7． 1． 1 Release 1998)
[26] GSM 05． 10 : European digital cellular telecommunications system (phase 2) ; Radio subsystem synchronization (version 7． 1． 1 Release 1998)
[27] GSM 06． 01: European digital cellular telecommunications system (phase 2+); Full rate speech Processing functions (version 7． 0． 2 Release 1998)
[28] GSM 08． 51: European digital cellular telecommunications system (phase 2+); Base Station Controller-Base Transceiver Station (BSC-BTS) interface; General aspects (version 7． 0． 0 Release 1998)
[29] GSM 08． 52 : European digital cellular telecommunications system (phase2+); Base Station Controller-Base Transceiver Station (BSC-BTS) interface; Interface principles (version 7． 0． 0 Release 1998)
[30] GSM 08． 56: European digital cellular telecommunications system (phase 2+); Base Station Controller-Base Transceiver Station (BSC-BTS) interface; Layer 2 sprcification (version 7． 0． 0 Release 1998)
[31] 孙立新，刑宁霞．《CDMA移动通信技术》．北京：人民邮电出版社， 1996
[32]王秉钧等，《扩频通信》．天津：天津大学出版社，1993
[33]Jhong Sam Lee Leon著，许希斌等译．《CDMA系统工程与手册》．人民邮电出版社，2001．2
[34]Lawrence Hage等．《蜂窝及个人通信系统中的CDMA IS-95——技术、运营和业务》．人民邮电出版社，2001．9
[35]Vijay K. Garg著，于鹏等译．《第三代移动通信系统原理与工程设计：IS-95 CDMA和cdma2000》．电子工业出版社，2001．1
[36]Kyoung, Kim．《CDMA系统设计与优化》．人民邮电出版社，2000，12
[37]邬国扬．《CDMA数字蜂窝网》．西安电子科技大学出版社，2000．6
[38]胡爱群，苏杰．《CDAM信令系统》．东南大学出版社，1997．10
[39]郭梯云，杨家玮，李建．《数字移动通信(修订本)》．人民邮电出版社．2001．3
[40]万屹编．《CDMA数字蜂窝移动通信网信令技术》．人民邮电出版社．1999．9
[41]竺南直，肖辉，刘景波．《码分多址(CDMA)移动通信系统》．电子工业出版社，2000．5
[42]吴伟陵．《移动通信中的关键技术》．北京邮电大学出版社，2000．10
[43]中敏，邓矣兵，郑建宏．《DSP原理及其在移动通信中的应用》．人民邮电出版社，2001．9
[44]马忠梅等．《单片机的C语言应用程序设计》．北京航空航天大学出版社，1999．1
[45]张雄伟等．《DSP芯片的原理与应用开发》．电子工业出版社，2000．9
[46]王念旭等．《DSP基础与应用系统设计》．北京航空航天大学出版社，2001．8