中子发生器控制台自动化研究
摘要
中子发生器中的中子管是目前中子源最热门的技术,因其具有小型化、价格低、易普及等特点,而成为中子源中应用最广泛的一种。传统的中子发生器的控制台由于使用机械电位器控制,开机过程需要比较有经验的实验人员调节,在正常运行过程中也需要不定时调节以使中子产额稳定。针对这种情况,在对中子发生器控制台进行自动化改进后,将使其使用更加方便、安全和可靠。
本文对中子管的结构及传统控制台的结构及调节过程加以介绍分析,然后根据其结构提出具体的改进方案。在硬件电路上,对系统的方便性,稳定性,可扩展性,安全性有均衡的考虑,由于中子发生器在使用过程中会受到各种影响而需要不断调节各种参数,为了使中子产额稳定,我们采用闭环控制,对于直接影响中子产额的离子源电流读取的问题,采取了信号隔离和独立电源悬浮的方法,使用数字电位器实现数字信号控制模拟量。在软件设计上,因为中子发生器是一个大滞后系统,所以单片机手动调整程序可以在系统初次安装后快速调整出所需参数,自动调整的程序将模拟人工调节的过程,并且检测出离子源电流增减和变化快慢来决定调节速度,使尽量减少振荡,快速达到稳定状态,另外还有异常处理措施可以在放电等意外情况下尽量减小危险和损失。
总之,本文采用基于凌阳单片机的自动控制系统,能够模拟人工调节的过程,使整个系统操作更加方便,更加安全稳定。
Neutron tube of generator neutron is the most popular neutron source technology, due to its low prices, miniaturization, it has become one of the popular neutron source among the application. Traditional neutron generator console use mechanical potentiometers to control, the boot process needs an experienced laboratory to adjust, and during normal operation, also need to adjust to make the neutron yields stable. In view of this situation, neutron generator is improved; automation control will make its use more convenient, security and reliability.
In this paper, we will introduce the structure of the neutron generator and traditional console, then analysis the process of adjustment to put forward specific improvement scheme. In the hardware circuit, because the neutron generator will be affected by various influences, need continuously adjust various parameters. In order to make the neutron yields stable, we use the closed-loop control. The ion source current that influences the neutron yields is got by the signal isolation and independent suspension power. And use digital potentiometer to realize digital signal control simulation. And through the change of ion source current to change the adjustment speed, reduce the vibration, reach steady state quickly. Another exception handling can reduce risk and loss, when the accident happens such as discharge.
In short, this paper based on the automatic control system of Sunplus microcontroller; simulate the process of manual adjustment, so that whole system operation is more convenient, safe and stable.
本文对中子管的结构及传统控制台的结构及调节过程加以介绍分析,然后根据其结构提出具体的改进方案。在硬件电路上,对系统的方便性,稳定性,可扩展性,安全性有均衡的考虑,由于中子发生器在使用过程中会受到各种影响而需要不断调节各种参数,为了使中子产额稳定,我们采用闭环控制,对于直接影响中子产额的离子源电流读取的问题,采取了信号隔离和独立电源悬浮的方法,使用数字电位器实现数字信号控制模拟量。在软件设计上,因为中子发生器是一个大滞后系统,所以单片机手动调整程序可以在系统初次安装后快速调整出所需参数,自动调整的程序将模拟人工调节的过程,并且检测出离子源电流增减和变化快慢来决定调节速度,使尽量减少振荡,快速达到稳定状态,另外还有异常处理措施可以在放电等意外情况下尽量减小危险和损失。
总之,本文采用基于凌阳单片机的自动控制系统,能够模拟人工调节的过程,使整个系统操作更加方便,更加安全稳定。
Neutron tube of generator neutron is the most popular neutron source technology, due to its low prices, miniaturization, it has become one of the popular neutron source among the application. Traditional neutron generator console use mechanical potentiometers to control, the boot process needs an experienced laboratory to adjust, and during normal operation, also need to adjust to make the neutron yields stable. In view of this situation, neutron generator is improved; automation control will make its use more convenient, security and reliability.
In this paper, we will introduce the structure of the neutron generator and traditional console, then analysis the process of adjustment to put forward specific improvement scheme. In the hardware circuit, because the neutron generator will be affected by various influences, need continuously adjust various parameters. In order to make the neutron yields stable, we use the closed-loop control. The ion source current that influences the neutron yields is got by the signal isolation and independent suspension power. And use digital potentiometer to realize digital signal control simulation. And through the change of ion source current to change the adjustment speed, reduce the vibration, reach steady state quickly. Another exception handling can reduce risk and loss, when the accident happens such as discharge.
In short, this paper based on the automatic control system of Sunplus microcontroller; simulate the process of manual adjustment, so that whole system operation is more convenient, safe and stable.
引文
[1]魏宝金,钟海明.中子管及其应用技术[M].长春:东北师范大学出版社,1997.37-38.
[2]秦爱玲,邓景珊.中子发生器产额稳定性[J].核电子学与探测技术,2007,27(4):783-785.
[3]卢洪波,林亚军.脉宽调制型中子管气压自动控制电路[J].核电子学与探测技术,1997,17(4):285-287.
[4]吕俊涛.脉冲中子发生器高压控制系统的自动控制设计[J].同位素,2008,21(3):155-160.
[5]丁大钊.中子-打开原子能时代的金钥匙[M].北京:清华大学出版社,广州:暨南大学出版社,2000.116-144.
[6]杨喜峰.便携式1010n/s中子发生器电路系统的研制[D].长春:东北师范大学,2004
[6]刘圣康.中子物理[M].北京:原子能出版社,1986.222-260.
[7]丁厚本,王乃彦.中子源物理[M].北京:科学出版社,1984.463-491.
[8]洪忠悌,俞良铎.强流中子发生器和中子管现状[J].核物理动态,1991,3(4):26-35.
[9]卢洪波,李文生,李国锋等.一种新型井下中子发生器[J].东北师大学报自然科学版,1996,2:44-47.
[10]陈纯锴,关雪梅,乔双.用于中子管离子源电源的设计与saber仿真[J].电源技术应用,2008,11(11):37-40.
[11]吴猛.超磁致压电混合精密驱动机构及其控制技术研究[D].吉林大学,2009.
[12]杜少武.ECRH负高压脉冲电源的研究[D].合肥工业大学,2004.
[13]苏桐龄,杨保太,刘廷统等.300kV 10mA直流高压稳压电源[J].原子能科学技术,1990,24(3):40-44.
[14]卢洪波,郭景富,李文生等.井下中子发生器靶极稳压电源的研制[J].东北师大学报自然科学版,1996,3:26-28.
[15]赖炳泉,范泽辉,宋哲明等.1032-A型可控中子源[J].核物理动态,1995,12(4):70-73.
[16]罗亚非.凌阳16位单片机应用基础[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.2005.5-48.
[17]李学海.16位语音型单片机SPCE061A实用教程-基础篇[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2007:248-269.
[18]汪敏,周鹏.凌阳16位单片机实验与实践[M] .北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2007.130-139.
[19]黄智伟.凌阳单片机课程设计与指导[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2007.57-62.
[20]凌阳科技.凌阳单片机简介[EB/OL].北阳电子内部技术资料,2004.
[21]沙占友.数字电位器设计原理与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007.
[22] XICOR.X9C102/103/104/503 [EB/OL]. www.xicor.com,2009.
[23] Intersil.CA3140,CA3140A[EB/OL].www.dzsc.com,1998.
[24] National Semiconductor.ADC0808/ADC0809[EB/OL].www.dzsc.com,1999 .
[25] Microelectronics.M54HC164,M74HC164[EB/OL].www.dzsc.com,1992.
[26]谭浩强.C程序设计[M]:(第二版).北京:清华大学出版社,1999.19-25.
[27]李广军,王厚军.实用接口技术[M].成都:电子科技大学出版社,1997.176-185.
[28]边春元,李文涛,江杰等.C51单片机典型模块设计与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2008.32-35.
[29]袁太生,宝青,袁蕾等.单片机应用技术(凌阳系列)[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2007.13-16.
[30]求是科技.单片机典型外围器件及应用实例[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2006.27-28.
[31]求是科技.8051系列单片机C程序设计完全手册[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2006.51-59.
[2]秦爱玲,邓景珊.中子发生器产额稳定性[J].核电子学与探测技术,2007,27(4):783-785.
[3]卢洪波,林亚军.脉宽调制型中子管气压自动控制电路[J].核电子学与探测技术,1997,17(4):285-287.
[4]吕俊涛.脉冲中子发生器高压控制系统的自动控制设计[J].同位素,2008,21(3):155-160.
[5]丁大钊.中子-打开原子能时代的金钥匙[M].北京:清华大学出版社,广州:暨南大学出版社,2000.116-144.
[6]杨喜峰.便携式1010n/s中子发生器电路系统的研制[D].长春:东北师范大学,2004
[6]刘圣康.中子物理[M].北京:原子能出版社,1986.222-260.
[7]丁厚本,王乃彦.中子源物理[M].北京:科学出版社,1984.463-491.
[8]洪忠悌,俞良铎.强流中子发生器和中子管现状[J].核物理动态,1991,3(4):26-35.
[9]卢洪波,李文生,李国锋等.一种新型井下中子发生器[J].东北师大学报自然科学版,1996,2:44-47.
[10]陈纯锴,关雪梅,乔双.用于中子管离子源电源的设计与saber仿真[J].电源技术应用,2008,11(11):37-40.
[11]吴猛.超磁致压电混合精密驱动机构及其控制技术研究[D].吉林大学,2009.
[12]杜少武.ECRH负高压脉冲电源的研究[D].合肥工业大学,2004.
[13]苏桐龄,杨保太,刘廷统等.300kV 10mA直流高压稳压电源[J].原子能科学技术,1990,24(3):40-44.
[14]卢洪波,郭景富,李文生等.井下中子发生器靶极稳压电源的研制[J].东北师大学报自然科学版,1996,3:26-28.
[15]赖炳泉,范泽辉,宋哲明等.1032-A型可控中子源[J].核物理动态,1995,12(4):70-73.
[16]罗亚非.凌阳16位单片机应用基础[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.2005.5-48.
[17]李学海.16位语音型单片机SPCE061A实用教程-基础篇[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2007:248-269.
[18]汪敏,周鹏.凌阳16位单片机实验与实践[M] .北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2007.130-139.
[19]黄智伟.凌阳单片机课程设计与指导[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2007.57-62.
[20]凌阳科技.凌阳单片机简介[EB/OL].北阳电子内部技术资料,2004.
[21]沙占友.数字电位器设计原理与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007.
[22] XICOR.X9C102/103/104/503 [EB/OL]. www.xicor.com,2009.
[23] Intersil.CA3140,CA3140A[EB/OL].www.dzsc.com,1998.
[24] National Semiconductor.ADC0808/ADC0809[EB/OL].www.dzsc.com,1999 .
[25] Microelectronics.M54HC164,M74HC164[EB/OL].www.dzsc.com,1992.
[26]谭浩强.C程序设计[M]:(第二版).北京:清华大学出版社,1999.19-25.
[27]李广军,王厚军.实用接口技术[M].成都:电子科技大学出版社,1997.176-185.
[28]边春元,李文涛,江杰等.C51单片机典型模块设计与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2008.32-35.
[29]袁太生,宝青,袁蕾等.单片机应用技术(凌阳系列)[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2007.13-16.
[30]求是科技.单片机典型外围器件及应用实例[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2006.27-28.
[31]求是科技.8051系列单片机C程序设计完全手册[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2006.51-59.