战略生态、制度创业和新创企业成长关系研究
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摘要
新创企业成长过程受到其所在商业生态系统中相关组织战略决策模式、战略作用机制及其所构成的互动系统的深刻影响。作为关联企业之间的战略组合及其决策系统,战略生态在整合组织资源、激发组织潜力以应对新创企业面临的成长困境时具有显著的优势。然而,商业生态系统中具有不同战略定位的组织之间的战略生态系统演进需要完善的制度体系加以约束。对于新创企业来说,就是制度创业行为活动对于战略生态演进的引导和规制作用。因此,本文以商业生态系统中新创企业成长为对象来探讨战略生态与制度创业之间的相互作用关系,并分析其对于新创企业成长的影响机制。
本文首先通过探索性案例研究方法,对我国MMORPG产业和TFT-LCD产业进行了全面分析,深入剖析了产业制度变革情境下MMORPG产业和TFT-LCD产业战略生态的演进规律,并通过对MMORPG产业中的盛大网络和TFT-LCD产业中的友达光电企业案例进行探讨,初步总结出了战略生态、制度创业与新创企业之间的影响关系。在此基础上,采用理论演绎的方法,本文进一步探讨了战略生态演进与制度创业之间的互动作用机制,并提出了关于战略生态、制度创业与新创企业成长之间影响关系的理论框架。在此理论框架下,本文着重对制度创业与新创企业成长之间的影响关系进行了实证分析：首先,本文采用Meta分析方法对创业家和创业绩效关系进行了理论梳理,并以此为基础提出了制度创业与新创企业绩效之间关系的理论假设。其次,通过对我国深交所创业板企业的数据收集,对制度创业与新创企业绩效之间关系进行了实证分析。本文的研究结论主要包括：
第一,战略生态是商业生态系统中企业及其他相关组织所采取的战略组合以及企业战略组合与外部环境之间的相互作用机制。企业战略生态决策模式包括泛组织垂直决策模式和企业水平决策模式。企业战略群是战略生态中关联企业由于目标导向不同、组织结构差异等需要进行协调、组合所构建的,具备特定战略功能的战略集合。
第二,在新创企业成长过程中,战略生态与新创企业具有内在的互动机制,战略生态对于新创企业成长的影响主要通过战略生态的组织惯性、新创企业战略聚焦水平和新创企业战略群构建与实施来实现。而制度创业家能力和产业组织场域特征则对降低战略生态的组织惯性、提升新创企业战略聚焦水平和战略群构建与实施效率产生积极的影响。因此,新创企业成长受到战略生态和制度创业的双重影响。
第三,基于Meta分析的理论综述结果表明：(1)创业家社会资本对企业创业绩效产生显著的影响；(2)创业家学习能力对企业创业绩效产生显著的影响；(3)创业家创业活动所在外部环境对企业创业绩效的影响作用也非常显著。
第四,制度创业对于新创企业绩效产生显著的影响作用。具体包括：(1)制度创业家较高的社会地位和高超的社交技巧对于新创企业绩效均具有显著的正向影响作用；(2)组织场域类型和组织场域制度矛盾在制度创业家与新创企业绩效之间具有显著的调节作用。
本文通过对战略生态、制度创业与新创企业成长之间关系的研究,对拓展与深化战略理论和制度理论,指导新创企业实践具有重要的意义。首先,本文拓展了战略生态的研究内涵,明确了战略生态演进规律和决策模式,并强调了战略群在战略生态演进中的重要作用,推动了战略生态理论的研究。其次,阐释了制度创业家和组织场域在新创企业制度创业中的重要作用,并证实了制度创业家社会地位和社交技巧、组织场域类型和组织场域制度矛盾对于提升新创企业绩效的重要促进作用。在此基础上,明确了战略生态和制度创业对于新创企业成长的影响机制,对于新创企业如何制定企业成长战略和提高战略决策效率具有很好的指导作用。
The new venture's growth in business ecosystem is affected profoundly by the strategy decision-making mode, strategy mechanism and the interaction system constituted by strategy role of the relating organization. As a strategy combination between associated enterprises and their decision-making system, the strategy ecology has a significant advantage on integration of organizational resources and stimulating organizational potential in new venture's growing. However, it's need that institution system regulates and guides the evolution of strategy ecology constructed by different entreprises'strategic positioning in business ecosystem. For new venture, it's guidance and regulation that institutional entrepreneurship for evolution of strategy ecology. Therefore, the paper explores the intrinsic relationship between entrepreneurship and strategy ecology based on new venture's growth, and analyzes the effect mechanism of strategy ecology and entrepreneurship to new venture's growth.
Through exploratory case study, the paper makes a comprehensive analysis on China MMORPG industry and the TFT-LCD industry, and explores the evolution trends of China MMORPG industry and the TFT-LCD industry in the situation of industry system reform deeply. Then, through to the case study of snda and AUO corporations, the paper gets a preliminary summary of the relationship of strategy ecology, institutional entrepreneurship and new venture's growth. On this basis, this paper uses theory deduction method to explore the interaction mechanism of strategy ecology and institutional entrepreneurship, and puts forward the theoretical framework of relationships between strategy ecology, institutional entrepreneurship and new venture's growth. Under this theoretical framework, this paper makes an empirical analysis on the relationships between institutional entrepreneurship and new venture growth intensively. Then through the Meta-analysis methods for entrepreneurs and corporate performance relationship theoretical analysis, the paper proposes the theory assumes about entrepreneurship and new venture performance. Finally, we make an empirical analysis of the relationship between institutional entrepreneurship and new venture performance. The conclusions of this study include:
Firstly, making a clear connotation of strategy ecology decision-making mechanism and the evolution of strategic group. This study define the strategy ecology as a mechanism of interaction between the strategic combination of strategic ecology definition adopted for enterprises and other relevant organizations in the business ecosystem, as well as corporate strategic combination with the external environment. There are two strategic ecology decision-making modes: Fan-organizational vertical decision-making model and enterprise-level decision-making mode. The definition of strategic group is the strategic ecological association with the organization due to professional goals, organizational differences need to be coordinated collection of strategic portfolio built with a specific function.
Secondly, exploring the mechanism of the strategic ecological and institutional venture for the growth of new enterprises. Strategy ecology impacts on new ventures' grow primarily through corporate organizational inertia, strategic focus and the building and implementation of strategy group. However, the entrepreneurial ability and organization field characteristics in the institutional entrepreneurship are affecting the efficiency of the implementation of new ventures level of strategic focus and strategy group. Therefore, it's a dual impact on new venture's growth by the the strategy ecology and institutional entrepreneurship.
Thirdly, the results by Meta analysis shows that:(1)entrepreneur's social capital has a siginificant impact on venture's performance.(2) entrepreneur's learning ability has a siginificant impact on venture's performance.(3)the environment where entrepreneur's activities for venture's performance is very obvious.
Forth, it confirms the the the institutional venture for new venture performance impact mechanism of action. Including institutional entrepreneurs with high social status and superb social skills have a significant positive effect on the role of new venture performance; the organizational field types and tissues Field institutional contradictions in the system of entrepreneurs and new venture performance Room having a significant role in the regulation.
Based on research on the relationship among strategy ecology, institutional entrepreneurship and new venture's growth, this paper expand and deepen the strategy theory and istititution theory, then guide practice of new venture's entrepreneurship. First, we expand the strategy ecology research, makes a clear connotation of strategy ecology decision-making mechanism and the evolution of strategic group, and stresses the strategic group's important role in the evolution of strategy ecology, promotes strategy ecology theory. Second, the paper explain the important role of insitutional entrepreneurs and organizational field in the entrepreneurial activites. Then the paper confirms that the social status and social skills of entrpreneur, organizational field's type and organizational field's contradictions enhancing the new venture's performance. Third, this study clarifies the mechanism of the the strategy ecology and institutional entrepreneurship for the new venture's growth, makes a good guide for new venture to prepare for growth, and improve strategy decision-making efficiency.
本文首先通过探索性案例研究方法,对我国MMORPG产业和TFT-LCD产业进行了全面分析,深入剖析了产业制度变革情境下MMORPG产业和TFT-LCD产业战略生态的演进规律,并通过对MMORPG产业中的盛大网络和TFT-LCD产业中的友达光电企业案例进行探讨,初步总结出了战略生态、制度创业与新创企业之间的影响关系。在此基础上,采用理论演绎的方法,本文进一步探讨了战略生态演进与制度创业之间的互动作用机制,并提出了关于战略生态、制度创业与新创企业成长之间影响关系的理论框架。在此理论框架下,本文着重对制度创业与新创企业成长之间的影响关系进行了实证分析：首先,本文采用Meta分析方法对创业家和创业绩效关系进行了理论梳理,并以此为基础提出了制度创业与新创企业绩效之间关系的理论假设。其次,通过对我国深交所创业板企业的数据收集,对制度创业与新创企业绩效之间关系进行了实证分析。本文的研究结论主要包括：
第一,战略生态是商业生态系统中企业及其他相关组织所采取的战略组合以及企业战略组合与外部环境之间的相互作用机制。企业战略生态决策模式包括泛组织垂直决策模式和企业水平决策模式。企业战略群是战略生态中关联企业由于目标导向不同、组织结构差异等需要进行协调、组合所构建的,具备特定战略功能的战略集合。
第二,在新创企业成长过程中,战略生态与新创企业具有内在的互动机制,战略生态对于新创企业成长的影响主要通过战略生态的组织惯性、新创企业战略聚焦水平和新创企业战略群构建与实施来实现。而制度创业家能力和产业组织场域特征则对降低战略生态的组织惯性、提升新创企业战略聚焦水平和战略群构建与实施效率产生积极的影响。因此,新创企业成长受到战略生态和制度创业的双重影响。
第三,基于Meta分析的理论综述结果表明：(1)创业家社会资本对企业创业绩效产生显著的影响；(2)创业家学习能力对企业创业绩效产生显著的影响；(3)创业家创业活动所在外部环境对企业创业绩效的影响作用也非常显著。
第四,制度创业对于新创企业绩效产生显著的影响作用。具体包括：(1)制度创业家较高的社会地位和高超的社交技巧对于新创企业绩效均具有显著的正向影响作用；(2)组织场域类型和组织场域制度矛盾在制度创业家与新创企业绩效之间具有显著的调节作用。
本文通过对战略生态、制度创业与新创企业成长之间关系的研究,对拓展与深化战略理论和制度理论,指导新创企业实践具有重要的意义。首先,本文拓展了战略生态的研究内涵,明确了战略生态演进规律和决策模式,并强调了战略群在战略生态演进中的重要作用,推动了战略生态理论的研究。其次,阐释了制度创业家和组织场域在新创企业制度创业中的重要作用,并证实了制度创业家社会地位和社交技巧、组织场域类型和组织场域制度矛盾对于提升新创企业绩效的重要促进作用。在此基础上,明确了战略生态和制度创业对于新创企业成长的影响机制,对于新创企业如何制定企业成长战略和提高战略决策效率具有很好的指导作用。
The new venture's growth in business ecosystem is affected profoundly by the strategy decision-making mode, strategy mechanism and the interaction system constituted by strategy role of the relating organization. As a strategy combination between associated enterprises and their decision-making system, the strategy ecology has a significant advantage on integration of organizational resources and stimulating organizational potential in new venture's growing. However, it's need that institution system regulates and guides the evolution of strategy ecology constructed by different entreprises'strategic positioning in business ecosystem. For new venture, it's guidance and regulation that institutional entrepreneurship for evolution of strategy ecology. Therefore, the paper explores the intrinsic relationship between entrepreneurship and strategy ecology based on new venture's growth, and analyzes the effect mechanism of strategy ecology and entrepreneurship to new venture's growth.
Through exploratory case study, the paper makes a comprehensive analysis on China MMORPG industry and the TFT-LCD industry, and explores the evolution trends of China MMORPG industry and the TFT-LCD industry in the situation of industry system reform deeply. Then, through to the case study of snda and AUO corporations, the paper gets a preliminary summary of the relationship of strategy ecology, institutional entrepreneurship and new venture's growth. On this basis, this paper uses theory deduction method to explore the interaction mechanism of strategy ecology and institutional entrepreneurship, and puts forward the theoretical framework of relationships between strategy ecology, institutional entrepreneurship and new venture's growth. Under this theoretical framework, this paper makes an empirical analysis on the relationships between institutional entrepreneurship and new venture growth intensively. Then through the Meta-analysis methods for entrepreneurs and corporate performance relationship theoretical analysis, the paper proposes the theory assumes about entrepreneurship and new venture performance. Finally, we make an empirical analysis of the relationship between institutional entrepreneurship and new venture performance. The conclusions of this study include:
Firstly, making a clear connotation of strategy ecology decision-making mechanism and the evolution of strategic group. This study define the strategy ecology as a mechanism of interaction between the strategic combination of strategic ecology definition adopted for enterprises and other relevant organizations in the business ecosystem, as well as corporate strategic combination with the external environment. There are two strategic ecology decision-making modes: Fan-organizational vertical decision-making model and enterprise-level decision-making mode. The definition of strategic group is the strategic ecological association with the organization due to professional goals, organizational differences need to be coordinated collection of strategic portfolio built with a specific function.
Secondly, exploring the mechanism of the strategic ecological and institutional venture for the growth of new enterprises. Strategy ecology impacts on new ventures' grow primarily through corporate organizational inertia, strategic focus and the building and implementation of strategy group. However, the entrepreneurial ability and organization field characteristics in the institutional entrepreneurship are affecting the efficiency of the implementation of new ventures level of strategic focus and strategy group. Therefore, it's a dual impact on new venture's growth by the the strategy ecology and institutional entrepreneurship.
Thirdly, the results by Meta analysis shows that:(1)entrepreneur's social capital has a siginificant impact on venture's performance.(2) entrepreneur's learning ability has a siginificant impact on venture's performance.(3)the environment where entrepreneur's activities for venture's performance is very obvious.
Forth, it confirms the the the institutional venture for new venture performance impact mechanism of action. Including institutional entrepreneurs with high social status and superb social skills have a significant positive effect on the role of new venture performance; the organizational field types and tissues Field institutional contradictions in the system of entrepreneurs and new venture performance Room having a significant role in the regulation.
Based on research on the relationship among strategy ecology, institutional entrepreneurship and new venture's growth, this paper expand and deepen the strategy theory and istititution theory, then guide practice of new venture's entrepreneurship. First, we expand the strategy ecology research, makes a clear connotation of strategy ecology decision-making mechanism and the evolution of strategic group, and stresses the strategic group's important role in the evolution of strategy ecology, promotes strategy ecology theory. Second, the paper explain the important role of insitutional entrepreneurs and organizational field in the entrepreneurial activites. Then the paper confirms that the social status and social skills of entrpreneur, organizational field's type and organizational field's contradictions enhancing the new venture's performance. Third, this study clarifies the mechanism of the the strategy ecology and institutional entrepreneurship for the new venture's growth, makes a good guide for new venture to prepare for growth, and improve strategy decision-making efficiency.
引文
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