不同氮素形态配施对烤烟生理特性及内在品质的影响
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摘要
为打造吉林延边特色烟叶,进一步探究延边生态区域下不同氮素形态配施对烤烟生理特性及内在品质的影响,利用当地主栽烤烟品种(吉烟9号)为材料,试验处理以正常施氮、磷、钾(1：1.5：3)水平下进行,设置了五个不同氮素形态配比水平(NH4+—N:NO3--N),进行大田试验。
试验结果表明：在农艺性状上,各处理随着移栽天数的增加而增加,其中,处理C(50%：50%)的各农艺性状都优于其他各处理,处理D次之；在干物质积累上,处理C(50%:50%)在不同生育时期过程中积累最快；在生理特性方面,铵态氮与硝态氮配施的处理有较高的光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、叶绿素含量,保护酶、转化酶和硝酸还原酶,明显优于单一氮素形态处理,且以处理C(50%：50%)表现最优；在化学成分上,施木克值、还原糖／烟碱、钾／氯和总氮／烟碱等比值,处理C(50%：50%)的内在成分较为协调；在抗张力、抗张强度、叶片厚度、填充值等物理特性上,处理C(50%：50%)和处理D(25%：75%)的工业可用性较好；在经济性状上,处理C(50%：50%)各项指标优于其它处理；在中性香气物质总量、类胡萝卜素类总量、新植二烯总量上,处理C(50%:50%)含量最高。结果表明,一定生产条件下较好的烟叶产量和产值需要适当的氨硝配比,而不是全施硝态氮,不同氮源配比施肥优于单一氮源的处理,当配比50%:50%时达到最高值,表明适当的氨硝比能够增强植株抗逆性,并促进植物的碳氮代谢。
In order to make the Jilin Yanbian characteristic leaf tobacco, further inquired into that under the Yanbian ecology region the different nitrogen forms matches executes to the flue-cured tobacco physiology characteristic and the intrinsic quality influence, make use of the main cultivation cultivars the flue-cured tobacco variety JiYan 9) as a material, experimental processing by executed the nitrogen, the phosphorus, the potassium (1:1.5:3) under the normal level carries on, has established five different nitrogen forms allocated proportion level (NH4+-N:NO3--N), carries on the field experiment.
the result indicated:In the agronomic characters, each treatment along with transplants the number of days to increase increases, treatment C (50%:50%) various agronomic characters surpass other each processing, followed by treatment D; Accumulation in the dry matter treatment C (50%:50%) accumulates fastest in the different birth time process; In the physiological characteristic aspect, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen matches processing which have the high photosynthesis speed, the transpiration rate, blowhole leading, the chlorophyll content, protective enzymes, Inverting enzyme and nitrate reductase, surpasses sole nitrogen form processing obviously, and treatment C (50%:50%) displays superiorly; On the chemical composition, each processing total sugar, reducing sugar content is high, only then treatment C (50%:50%) value of the phase is relatively low, moreover, in shimuke value, reducing sugar/nicotine, ratios and so on potassium/chlorine and total nitrogen/nicotine, treatment C (50%:50%) performance best; In the tension stress, the tensile strength, the vane thickness, physical properties and so on packing value, treatment C (50%:50%) displays superiorly, synthesizes each physical character performance, various characters performance relatively good processing has treatment C(50%:50%) and treatment D; In the economic character, treatment c(50%:50%), each target surpasses other processing; In the neutral fragrance material total quantity, carotenoid total quantity, neophytadiene total quantity, treatment C(50%:50%) content highest。Result indicated that under certain production condition better tobacco leaf output and output value need suitable ammonia niter allocated proportion, rather than all executes ammoniacal nitrogen, the different nitrogen source allocated proportion applies fertilizer surpasses the sole nitrogen source processing, When the ratio is 50%:50%,the value is highest, It shows that the appropriate ratio of ammonia nitre can enhance resistance of plant,and promote the carbon-nitrogen metabolism of plant.
试验结果表明：在农艺性状上,各处理随着移栽天数的增加而增加,其中,处理C(50%：50%)的各农艺性状都优于其他各处理,处理D次之；在干物质积累上,处理C(50%:50%)在不同生育时期过程中积累最快；在生理特性方面,铵态氮与硝态氮配施的处理有较高的光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、叶绿素含量,保护酶、转化酶和硝酸还原酶,明显优于单一氮素形态处理,且以处理C(50%：50%)表现最优；在化学成分上,施木克值、还原糖／烟碱、钾／氯和总氮／烟碱等比值,处理C(50%：50%)的内在成分较为协调；在抗张力、抗张强度、叶片厚度、填充值等物理特性上,处理C(50%：50%)和处理D(25%：75%)的工业可用性较好；在经济性状上,处理C(50%：50%)各项指标优于其它处理；在中性香气物质总量、类胡萝卜素类总量、新植二烯总量上,处理C(50%:50%)含量最高。结果表明,一定生产条件下较好的烟叶产量和产值需要适当的氨硝配比,而不是全施硝态氮,不同氮源配比施肥优于单一氮源的处理,当配比50%:50%时达到最高值,表明适当的氨硝比能够增强植株抗逆性,并促进植物的碳氮代谢。
In order to make the Jilin Yanbian characteristic leaf tobacco, further inquired into that under the Yanbian ecology region the different nitrogen forms matches executes to the flue-cured tobacco physiology characteristic and the intrinsic quality influence, make use of the main cultivation cultivars the flue-cured tobacco variety JiYan 9) as a material, experimental processing by executed the nitrogen, the phosphorus, the potassium (1:1.5:3) under the normal level carries on, has established five different nitrogen forms allocated proportion level (NH4+-N:NO3--N), carries on the field experiment.
the result indicated:In the agronomic characters, each treatment along with transplants the number of days to increase increases, treatment C (50%:50%) various agronomic characters surpass other each processing, followed by treatment D; Accumulation in the dry matter treatment C (50%:50%) accumulates fastest in the different birth time process; In the physiological characteristic aspect, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen matches processing which have the high photosynthesis speed, the transpiration rate, blowhole leading, the chlorophyll content, protective enzymes, Inverting enzyme and nitrate reductase, surpasses sole nitrogen form processing obviously, and treatment C (50%:50%) displays superiorly; On the chemical composition, each processing total sugar, reducing sugar content is high, only then treatment C (50%:50%) value of the phase is relatively low, moreover, in shimuke value, reducing sugar/nicotine, ratios and so on potassium/chlorine and total nitrogen/nicotine, treatment C (50%:50%) performance best; In the tension stress, the tensile strength, the vane thickness, physical properties and so on packing value, treatment C (50%:50%) displays superiorly, synthesizes each physical character performance, various characters performance relatively good processing has treatment C(50%:50%) and treatment D; In the economic character, treatment c(50%:50%), each target surpasses other processing; In the neutral fragrance material total quantity, carotenoid total quantity, neophytadiene total quantity, treatment C(50%:50%) content highest。Result indicated that under certain production condition better tobacco leaf output and output value need suitable ammonia niter allocated proportion, rather than all executes ammoniacal nitrogen, the different nitrogen source allocated proportion applies fertilizer surpasses the sole nitrogen source processing, When the ratio is 50%:50%,the value is highest, It shows that the appropriate ratio of ammonia nitre can enhance resistance of plant,and promote the carbon-nitrogen metabolism of plant.
引文
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[8]刘贯山.不同氮素水平对烤烟生长发育的影响.烟草科技,1997,(2):37-39.
[9]史宏志,韩锦峰.烤烟碳氮代谢几个问题的探讨[J].烟草科技,1998(2):34-36.
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[11]Botha, A. D. P, Determination of the uptake of nitrogen by tobacco plants during their growth period using"N. So. Afr. J. Agr. Sci,1965,8:449-453.
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[13]杨宏敏.烤烟对氮素的吸收与分配[J].土壤通报,1996,27(1):42-45.
[14]McCants, C. B, Woltz, WCx, Grown and mineral nutrition of tobacco. Adv. in Agron.,1967, 19:211-265.
[15]Raper, C. D. Jr. Relative growth and nutrient accumulation rates for tobacco. Plant and Soil.1978, 21-34.
[16]石磊,朴世领,沈丽,等.不同耕作方式对烤烟生长及内在品质的影响[J].延边大学农学学报,2010,32(2)：100-105.
[17]方明.优质烤烟科学施肥技术[J].现代农业科技,2005,4：38.
[18]Gaines, J. G1959. Influence of male. ic hydrazide in relation to other practices on flue-cured tobacco production. Tobacco Science 3:5-8.
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