松辽盆地滨北地区构造样式与构造圈闭预测
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摘要
滨北地区是指齐齐哈尔以东,滨洲铁路以北的地区,面积约7万km~2。在松辽盆地北部滨洲铁路以南如:徐家围子地区、莺山—庙台子的地区,在油气储量方面取得了丰硕的成果。滨北地区通过长期的勘探工作,大致经历过三个勘探阶段:第一阶段为六十年代,发现了大庆油田后,对较大型的构造圈闭进行了勘探;第二次为七十年代初,在西部超覆带发现了地层圈闭油藏后,对北部倾没区和大型断裂带进行勘探,这两次勘探成果都未达到预期目的;第三次勘探为八十年代中期至今,松辽盆地东部深层发现了工业性气藏。但是这个地区的面积只占松辽盆地的北部的2/5。而占松辽盆地北部3/5面积的滨北地区情况则不一样,仅在局部地区取得了突破,就整个滨北而言是不够的。因为勘探老区的油气潜力已经到了逐年递减的阶段,滨北地区的油气勘探的突破关系着大庆油田油气勘探突破。由于世界上大部分的油气藏均位于构造圈闭之中,所以油气突破需要对盆地的构造发育有正确的认识,识别构造圈闭。由于构造样式与构造圈闭存在着必然的联系,所以对构造样式的研究是首要任务。
     一、滨北地区构造发育史
     采用面积守恒的原理进行剖面复原,对于变形的恢复,则主要是采取垂直剪切模型进行计算。根据上述方法对滨北地区的主要断陷区包括梅里斯断陷、林甸断陷、富裕—依安断陷群、北安断陷、兰西断陷、绥化断陷等剖面进行了恢复。滨北地区的盆地构造发育史在平衡地质剖面得到清晰的反映,在登娄库期以前盆地表现为强烈的拉张活动,形成了以梅里斯、林甸、富裕—依安、北安、兰西断陷、绥化断陷为代表的断陷盆地群。盆地的一侧或两侧发育有一系列的犁式正断层,构成半地堑箕状凹陷和地堑凹陷。从登娄库期盆地开始由断陷期转化为断坳期或断坳转化期,盆地的分布范围和地层分布已不再受断裂的限制。地层分布的几何样式已显示出坳陷盆地的样式,地层超覆在原有的断裂之上。坳陷期构造活动较弱,盆地稳定沉降,形成统一盆地,沉积中心在林甸断陷。嫩江组沉积后盆地进入萎缩期,盆地中心向西迁移。
    
    吉林大学硕士学位论文
    二、滨北地区构造样式、局部构造与构造圈闭
     断陷期沿控制断陷发育的断裂形成构造断阶、滚动背斜、(似)花状构造构
    造样式,形成构造断阶一滚动背斜组合、构造断阶一(似)花状构造组合。营
    城组沉积后到登娄库组沉积前,沿控制断陷发育的断层发生了构造反转,但保
    存不好;坳陷期构造样式不发育;萎缩期沿控制盆地发育的断裂发生了构造反
    转。
     对于形成圈闭的闭合条件来讲反转构造、构造断阶带一滚动背斜和构造断
    阶一似花状构造样式组合较别的组合好。在黑鱼泡235测线(516一520)的似花
    状构造,与之交叉520测线(234~237)为背斜构造,组合形成了似花状背斜构
    造,较为容易满足圈闭的封闭条件,且形成断层一地层等深线的封闭形式。
     在萎缩期反转构造发育,形成了背斜构造,是最有利的油气聚集区带。T4
    反射界面是一个区域不整合面,由于上覆地层的超覆,是油气聚集的有利场所。
    另外断陷期盆地发育构造断阶一滚动背斜组合和构造断阶一(似)花状构造构
    组合的地方形成断块、断鼻、断背斜等局部构造,形成了油气有利聚集区带,
    也是本次工作的重点。
    三、林甸断陷沙河子组沉积相
     从钻井资料上来看,林甸断陷发育扇三角洲相、三角洲相、火山岩相、河
    流相、滨浅湖相夹沼泽相。但钻井揭示的是断陷的高处,不能体现断陷深部的
    沉积相。
     从地震资料来看,沙河组地震相类型有:工楔状、丘状和透镜状反射外形,
    S型、切向斜交型前积,断续一较连续,中振幅,中低频;H楔状、透镜状,
    杂乱一平行、叠瓦状,复合S型、斜交S型、S型前积反射结构,连续一较连
    续,中一弱振幅,中频;IH楔状、半透镜体,连续性好,亚平行,充填结构,
    弱反射,中一弱振幅,中一低频;IV楔状、丘状和透镜状反射外形,乱岗状反
    射结构连续性差,弱振幅,低频率;V丘状、透镜状,亚平行一杂乱反射,较
    连续一断续,强振幅一中振幅一弱振幅,中低频;vl席状,平行一亚平行,连
    续一较连续,中弱振幅,中低频;VH楔状,丘状、透镜状,乱岗状反射,中
    
    摘要
    一强一弱振幅,中一高频。相应的沉积相有:冲积扇相、扇三角洲相、河流相、
    三角洲相、滨浅湖相、火山岩相和浊积扇相。垂向上发育了冲积扇相、河流相、
    三角洲相和滨浅湖相。横向上发育扇三角洲相、滨浅湖相、三角洲相、河流相
    和火山岩相。(扇)三角洲、冲积扇相和滨浅湖相分布范围较大,三角洲、河流
    相、滨浅湖相呈不规则的条带状分布,浊积扇相和火山岩相分布范围较小。滨
    浅湖相的泥岩一粉砂岩,厚度可达300米(乌裕尔235测线)面积可达IOOOKm,;
    粗碎屑岩中的煤层厚度可达14,3米(乌1井),具有较大的生烃潜力。
    四、林甸断陷沙河子期构造断阶对储层的控制
     沙河子期同生断层有林甸西断裂系、林甸东断裂系、中央断裂系(东、西
    断层)和黑鱼泡东断裂系。发育的断裂大多数为犁式断裂,有小部分断裂为直
    线式断层。断裂的倾角大多在30。一70“之间,少数断层倾角为11。一20。之间。
    根据同生断裂和沉积物的分布特征将林甸断陷分为:乌裕尔断阶陡坡带
Binbei area is seventy thousand kilometers square which is a part of the north of Songliao basin and on the north of Binzhou railway.
    In the area of the south of Binzhou railway which is another part of in the north of SongLiao basin have gained great achievements in exploration of petroleum, such as in XuJiaweiZhi area, YingShan-MiaoTaiZhi area. There have been three stages in petroleum exploration and development of Binbei.The first is exploration the big structure traps after the finding of DaQing oil-field in I960' s.The second is exploration for the area of north slope and belts of big faults after finding of strata-traps in the overlap belt of the west in 1970' s. the expectative goals were not gained. The third is exploration for the industry gas resevior in depth of east Songliao basin from 1980' s to now. But the area is only 2/5 of north of Songliao basin. There is a little achievements in exploration of Binbei area. We need find out more petroleum in Binbei, because of the developed field' s potentiality of petroleum is decrease rapidly every year, Binbei area become more important in exploration.If new petroleum reservoirs are
    discovered, it will help the DaQing oil-field to make a breakthrough.
    Because the most of petroleum reservoirs is in the structural trap, we need search for the structural trap. We need to make out the tectonic evaluation of basin before making a breakthrough, there is a intimate relationship between structural trap and structural styles. So the study of the structural styles is the foremost duty.
    1.History of tectonic evolution in Binbei area
    Balanced cross sections were made according to the principle of constant area.
    
    
    The deformation and restoration were calculated according to model of vertical shear. The restored graben the cross sections are listed: Meilisi graben, Lindian graben, Fuyu-Yian grabens, Bei'an graben, Lanxi graben, Suihua graben. According to the balance cross sections, the history of tectonic evolution includes five stages. Firstly, Binbei area were intensively extended during graben stage. The grabens consisted of Meilisi graben, Lindian graben, Fuyu-Yi'an grabens, Bei'an graben, Lanxi graben, Suihua graben. On the one side or two sides of graben, there are Listric fault system, while the basin were filled by the sediment of Huoshiling formation, Shahezi formation, Yingcheng formation .Secondly, the strata of Binbei area inverted, along the faults which controlled the graben basin evolution, it make the some of strata of graben stage lost.Thirdly, the basins were turning into down-wrap basin from graben during Denglouku stage,. Fourthly, the basin had become the down-wrapped basin during in down-wrapped stage, while the basin developed Quantou formation, Qingshankou formation, Yaojia formation, Nenjiang formation. Formed a unite basin from graben basin. The strata overlap the fault. There is little tectonic activitives, while basin down and sediment stabilization. The sedimentary center is in Lindian area. Fifthly, the basin is step into dying stage after Nenjiang stage. The sedimentary center moved to the west. While the basin developed Mingshui formation, Sifangtai formation, tertiary strata and quaternary sediment.
    2.Structural styles .local structures and structural traps
    During the graben stage, along the fault which controlled the graben basin evolution,cognized 6 kinds of structural styles including terrian, rollover and (simi-)flower structure and so on. When terrian associated the rollover, they formed the terrian-rollover; or the terrian unite (simi-)flower, they formed the terrian-(simi-)flower style. There are invert structure duringlate yingcheng stage to early Denglouku stage, but the inverted anticline is lost. Duringdown-wrap stage, there are few styles. During in dying stage, there are inverted structure along the faults which formed in the graben stage.
    
    
    Contrasting to factors of trap, we find inverted structure(dying stage), terrian-rollover and terrian-(simi-)flower structures are the best potential structures of all. There is te
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