酒泉盆地前陆冲断带油气聚集规律
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摘要
酒泉盆地油气勘探已有60多年历史,是中国最早开展前陆盆地冲断带油气勘探的地区之一,酒西坳陷前陆冲断带是盆地油气储量的主要分布区:近年来在祁连山北缘冲断带发现并基本探明储量规模达亿吨级的青西油田。酒泉盆地属改造型盆地,在中生代发育多个呈北东向展布的断陷湖盆,早白垩世末盆地抬升遭受剥蚀改造,晚第三纪以来受印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞的影响,造成祁连褶皱带向北逆冲推覆,使酒泉盆地由中生代的伸展盆地演化为前陆盆地。新生代前陆冲断带呈北西向,与下伏的中生代构造线近于直交。盆地的下构造层受燕山运动控制具有良好的烃源岩,喜山运动形成的前陆冲断带控制油气成藏。所以从前陆盆地冲断带的角度来研究酒泉盆地的油气聚集规律具有现实意义,同时进一步明确构造运动与油气聚集的关系,选好下步勘探目标对油田具有重要意义。
本论文系统总结和深入探索酒泉盆地前陆冲断带油气聚集规律及白垩系箕状断陷内油气藏分布特征,运用前陆盆地和改造盆地理论,开展区域构造背景、中新生代盆地原始面貌恢复、盆地构造演化、盆地不同时代次级构造单元划分、断裂发育对盆地的控制作用以及盆地与造山带关系及其盆地南缘重点地区山前冲断带的结构等。开展冲断带重点构造的圈闭描述评价,识别和优选有利圈闭,开展断裂系统研究;对优选出的圈闭进行综合评价,分析冲断带的生、储、盖组合特征,石油地质条件和油气成藏主要控制因素,对各有利区块进行了预测和评价,指出了下步勘探方向和勘探目标,为下步勘探开发提供了依据。
论文遵循西北大学含油气盆地研究所倡导的“整体、动态、综合”三项含油气盆地地质学研究原则和改造型盆地研究理论,把握研究工作重点,突出工作目标和方向。注重文献的研究和继承前人成果,用野外实践和钻探结果证实或进一步修正认识,取得了预期的成果,并在勘探实践中取得了良好的效果。
Jiuquan basin, one of the earliest areas of petroleum exploration conducted in foreland belt in China, has over 60 years of exploration history. The oil reserves of Jiuquan basin is mainly distributed in the foreland thrust belt of Jiuxi depression, where the Qingxi oilfield has been discovered in recent years, and its proved oil reserves has roughly reached to 10 billion tons. The style of Jiuquan basin is a econstruction one, and it is formed by several faulted sags from north to east in Mesozoic era. At the end of Cretaceous system the basin experienced the denudation. In late Tertiary system, affected by collision of Indian plate and Eurasian plate, Qilian fold belt overthrusted toward north, which made Jiuquan basin change to a oreland basin and the foreland thrust belts trended from north to west, it nearly perpendicularly crossed the underlying Mesozoic structure line. The underlying structural layer controlled by Yanshan movement has good oil bearing rocks, and the foreland thrust belts formed by Xishan movement controls the petroleum accumulation. So it has practical importance to study the oil-gas accumulation principle in the foreland thrust belt of Jiuquan basin, and it is also important to further understand the relation between tectonic and the oil -gas accumulation, to optimize the exploration targets for the oilfield.By adopting the foreland basin and reconstruction basin theory to study the tectonic background and the structure evolution, recover the original basin of Meso-Cenozoic, classify the sub-structure units of the basin, understand the faults controlling, the relation between basin and the orogenic belts and the geology structure of the thrust belts in south edge of Qilian mountain, this paper systematically summarizes the oil-gas accumulation principle of foreland belts of, and it also points out the reservoirs distribution characteristics in the Cretaceous faulted sags of Jiuquan basin. By structure description and assessment, faults system study, the key traps of the thrust belt are identified and optimized. By comprehensive analyses of the source rock, reservoir beds and the cap features of thrust belt, and analyses of the petroleum geology situation and the main governing factors of reservoirs, the favorable exploration areas and targets are well predicted, which has yielded favorable exploration and development results..
本论文系统总结和深入探索酒泉盆地前陆冲断带油气聚集规律及白垩系箕状断陷内油气藏分布特征,运用前陆盆地和改造盆地理论,开展区域构造背景、中新生代盆地原始面貌恢复、盆地构造演化、盆地不同时代次级构造单元划分、断裂发育对盆地的控制作用以及盆地与造山带关系及其盆地南缘重点地区山前冲断带的结构等。开展冲断带重点构造的圈闭描述评价,识别和优选有利圈闭,开展断裂系统研究;对优选出的圈闭进行综合评价,分析冲断带的生、储、盖组合特征,石油地质条件和油气成藏主要控制因素,对各有利区块进行了预测和评价,指出了下步勘探方向和勘探目标,为下步勘探开发提供了依据。
论文遵循西北大学含油气盆地研究所倡导的“整体、动态、综合”三项含油气盆地地质学研究原则和改造型盆地研究理论,把握研究工作重点,突出工作目标和方向。注重文献的研究和继承前人成果,用野外实践和钻探结果证实或进一步修正认识,取得了预期的成果,并在勘探实践中取得了良好的效果。
Jiuquan basin, one of the earliest areas of petroleum exploration conducted in foreland belt in China, has over 60 years of exploration history. The oil reserves of Jiuquan basin is mainly distributed in the foreland thrust belt of Jiuxi depression, where the Qingxi oilfield has been discovered in recent years, and its proved oil reserves has roughly reached to 10 billion tons. The style of Jiuquan basin is a econstruction one, and it is formed by several faulted sags from north to east in Mesozoic era. At the end of Cretaceous system the basin experienced the denudation. In late Tertiary system, affected by collision of Indian plate and Eurasian plate, Qilian fold belt overthrusted toward north, which made Jiuquan basin change to a oreland basin and the foreland thrust belts trended from north to west, it nearly perpendicularly crossed the underlying Mesozoic structure line. The underlying structural layer controlled by Yanshan movement has good oil bearing rocks, and the foreland thrust belts formed by Xishan movement controls the petroleum accumulation. So it has practical importance to study the oil-gas accumulation principle in the foreland thrust belt of Jiuquan basin, and it is also important to further understand the relation between tectonic and the oil -gas accumulation, to optimize the exploration targets for the oilfield.By adopting the foreland basin and reconstruction basin theory to study the tectonic background and the structure evolution, recover the original basin of Meso-Cenozoic, classify the sub-structure units of the basin, understand the faults controlling, the relation between basin and the orogenic belts and the geology structure of the thrust belts in south edge of Qilian mountain, this paper systematically summarizes the oil-gas accumulation principle of foreland belts of, and it also points out the reservoirs distribution characteristics in the Cretaceous faulted sags of Jiuquan basin. By structure description and assessment, faults system study, the key traps of the thrust belt are identified and optimized. By comprehensive analyses of the source rock, reservoir beds and the cap features of thrust belt, and analyses of the petroleum geology situation and the main governing factors of reservoirs, the favorable exploration areas and targets are well predicted, which has yielded favorable exploration and development results..
引文
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