中师生创新教育的研究
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摘要
针对目前基础教育改革对小学教师提出的新要求，本文选定中师生创新教育作为研究的主题，探讨培养创新型小学教师的途径和方法。目前，有关创新教育的定义有许多种，本文认为创新教育的核心是培养学生的创新精神和创新人格以及创新能力，对于中等师范教育而言更注重的应是学生的创新精神和创新能力，在这一思想指导下的教育实践称为创新教育。中师生创新教育的实施，有一定的现实意义，即知识经济时代的要求，改变当前小学教育现状的需要，小学课程改革的需要。人本主义教育理论、个性教育理论和全面发展教育理论构成了中师生创新教育的理论基础。中师生创新教育的目的是培养创新型小学教师，本文对创新型小学教师的含义和创新素质做了一些探讨。实施中师生创新教育的基本策略是强化创新意识、营造创新氛围、夯实创新基础、训练创新思维、挖掘创新潜能，而实施的主渠道应该是学校的课堂教学，课外活动作为辅助手段也是很有必要的。
In connection with the new demands that the basic education reform set on the teachers from the elementary schools at present, this article chooses innovation education for the students from secondary teachers' schools as the theme of research, to find the methods or ways of training innovation pattern elementary schools' teachers. Nowadays there are many definitions about innovation education. This article believes that the core of innovation education is to train the students' innovation spirit, innovation personality and innovation ability. As to the teachers education, it's more important to train the students' innovation spirit and innovation ability. The education practice under the guidance of the above idea is called innovation education. There are fixed practical significance for the implementation of innovation education for the students from secondary teachers' schools. That is the requirement of the knowledge economy times, the needs of changing present elementary schools' education and of the courses reform of the elementary schools. The theory of the innovation education for the students from secondary teachers' schools is based on the humanism education theory, personality education theory and all-round development theory. The purpose of innovation education for the students from secondary teachers' schools is to train the innovation pattern elementary schools' teachers. This article does some researches on the meaning of the
innovation pattern elementary schools' teachers and innovation accomplishment. The basic tactic of the implementation of the innovation education for the students from secondary teachers' schools is strengthening innovation consciousness, forming innovation atmosphere, laying innovation foundation, training innovation thinking and tapping innovation potentialities. The main approach to carry out the innovation education is the classroom teaching. And the extracurricular activities, as an assisting way, are also very necessary.
In connection with the new demands that the basic education reform set on the teachers from the elementary schools at present, this article chooses innovation education for the students from secondary teachers' schools as the theme of research, to find the methods or ways of training innovation pattern elementary schools' teachers. Nowadays there are many definitions about innovation education. This article believes that the core of innovation education is to train the students' innovation spirit, innovation personality and innovation ability. As to the teachers education, it's more important to train the students' innovation spirit and innovation ability. The education practice under the guidance of the above idea is called innovation education. There are fixed practical significance for the implementation of innovation education for the students from secondary teachers' schools. That is the requirement of the knowledge economy times, the needs of changing present elementary schools' education and of the courses reform of the elementary schools. The theory of the innovation education for the students from secondary teachers' schools is based on the humanism education theory, personality education theory and all-round development theory. The purpose of innovation education for the students from secondary teachers' schools is to train the innovation pattern elementary schools' teachers. This article does some researches on the meaning of the
innovation pattern elementary schools' teachers and innovation accomplishment. The basic tactic of the implementation of the innovation education for the students from secondary teachers' schools is strengthening innovation consciousness, forming innovation atmosphere, laying innovation foundation, training innovation thinking and tapping innovation potentialities. The main approach to carry out the innovation education is the classroom teaching. And the extracurricular activities, as an assisting way, are also very necessary.
引文
[1]鲁洁．培养创新人才[J]．研究动态，1998，(15)：5．
[2]马斯洛．人性能达的境界[M]．云南：云南人民出版社，1987．97．
[3]同上，87．
[4]同上，77．
[5]宋庆龄论儿童教育和儿童工作[M]．上海：上海教育出版社，1992．65．
[6]同上书．111-112．
[7]马卡连柯．论共产主义教育[M]．北京：人民教育出版社，1956．400-401．
[8]肖川．论创新教育[J]．教育研究，1999，(11)：13．
[9]张崇善．当代世界教育个性化教育发展趋向[J]．教育理论与实践，1991，(5)：49．
[10]郑金洲．基础教育改革与发展的世纪走向[J]．华东师大学报 (教科版)，2000，(3)：5．
[11]学会生存——教育世界的今天和明天[M]．北京：教育科学出版社，1996．109．
[12][13]关浩峰．浅谈小学新型教师与新型师生关系[J]．教育探索，2000，(4)：46．
[14]叶上雄．素质教育的重点——培养创新精神和实践能力[J]．中国教育学刊，2000，(2)：19．
[15]龚放．强化问题意识造就创新人才[N]．中国教育报，2000-4-19．
[16]龚春燕，魏文峰，刘廷忠．创新学习研究与探索[J]．人民教育，2000(8)：11-12．
[17]同上．
[18]张武开，王信倍．培养创新人才是跨世纪中国基础教育的伟大使命[J]．中国教育学刊，1999，(1)：31．
[19]顾明远．基础教育与创新精神[J]．中国教育学刊，1999，(2)：23．
[1]俞学明，刘文明，钟祖荣．基础教育新概念——创造教育[M]．北京：科学教育出版社，1999．
[2]钟启泉，崔允墎，张华．基础教育课程改革纲要(试行)解读[M]．上海：华东师范大学出版社，2001．
[3]朱慕菊．走进新课程——与课程实施者对话[M]，北京：北京师范大学出版社，2002．
[4]国家高级教育行政学院．素质教育——新世纪的教育使命[M]．北京：学苑出版社，2000．
[5]燕国材．素质教育论[M]．江苏：江苏教育出版社，1997．
[6]邱永渠．教育基本理论[M]．福建：福建教育出版社，1999．
[7]余文森．当代课堂教学改革的理论与实践[M]．福建：福建教育出版社，1998．
[8]蔡旭群．创新教育探微．2001．4．
[2]马斯洛．人性能达的境界[M]．云南：云南人民出版社，1987．97．
[3]同上，87．
[4]同上，77．
[5]宋庆龄论儿童教育和儿童工作[M]．上海：上海教育出版社，1992．65．
[6]同上书．111-112．
[7]马卡连柯．论共产主义教育[M]．北京：人民教育出版社，1956．400-401．
[8]肖川．论创新教育[J]．教育研究，1999，(11)：13．
[9]张崇善．当代世界教育个性化教育发展趋向[J]．教育理论与实践，1991，(5)：49．
[10]郑金洲．基础教育改革与发展的世纪走向[J]．华东师大学报 (教科版)，2000，(3)：5．
[11]学会生存——教育世界的今天和明天[M]．北京：教育科学出版社，1996．109．
[12][13]关浩峰．浅谈小学新型教师与新型师生关系[J]．教育探索，2000，(4)：46．
[14]叶上雄．素质教育的重点——培养创新精神和实践能力[J]．中国教育学刊，2000，(2)：19．
[15]龚放．强化问题意识造就创新人才[N]．中国教育报，2000-4-19．
[16]龚春燕，魏文峰，刘廷忠．创新学习研究与探索[J]．人民教育，2000(8)：11-12．
[17]同上．
[18]张武开，王信倍．培养创新人才是跨世纪中国基础教育的伟大使命[J]．中国教育学刊，1999，(1)：31．
[19]顾明远．基础教育与创新精神[J]．中国教育学刊，1999，(2)：23．
[1]俞学明，刘文明，钟祖荣．基础教育新概念——创造教育[M]．北京：科学教育出版社，1999．
[2]钟启泉，崔允墎，张华．基础教育课程改革纲要(试行)解读[M]．上海：华东师范大学出版社，2001．
[3]朱慕菊．走进新课程——与课程实施者对话[M]，北京：北京师范大学出版社，2002．
[4]国家高级教育行政学院．素质教育——新世纪的教育使命[M]．北京：学苑出版社，2000．
[5]燕国材．素质教育论[M]．江苏：江苏教育出版社，1997．
[6]邱永渠．教育基本理论[M]．福建：福建教育出版社，1999．
[7]余文森．当代课堂教学改革的理论与实践[M]．福建：福建教育出版社，1998．
[8]蔡旭群．创新教育探微．2001．4．