基于二进制搜索算法的矿井人员跟踪定位系统研究
|
摘要
煤矿井下作业是一种风险性较高的工作,保障矿井人员的生命安全是煤矿企业的头等大事。在目前的煤矿企业中,一旦煤矿发生事故,地面人员难以及时动态掌握井下人员的分布及作业情况,抢险救灾、安全救护的效率低,搜救效果差。本文针对上述问题,在研究和分析国内外现有系统的基础上,研究并设计了一种基于二进制搜索算法的矿井人员跟踪定位系统。该系统为煤矿企业提供人员跟踪定位、监测监控、考勤作业等多方面功能,当事故发生时,通过该系统可以实时掌握各作业面工作人员及其数量,保证抢险救灾和安全救护等搜救工作的高效运作。
首先,论文在深入调查研究的基础上,论述了矿井人员跟踪定位系统的研究背景、国内外研究现状以及发展趋势,在分析现有系统存在问题的基础上给出了系统的总体设计方案。
其次,对系统的关键技术作了详细分析并给出了系统的软硬件解决方案。
分析了系统的关键技术,对射频信号主要的防碰撞算法ALOHA算法和二进制搜索算法作了详细分析和研究。硬件方面,确定了硬件选型,以射频识别芯片nRF24E1、嵌入式控制器S3C2410为主要器件设计了相关终端设备并给出了相关电路,给出了基于二进制搜索算法的射频信号防碰撞算法在硬件设备中的实现方法。软件方面,详尽完成了系统要求的各部分功能,编写了相关程序;详细分析了基于MapX的上位机软件主界面设计,实现了井下人员及其相关信息的实时游图功能。
最后,在基于系统总体设计方案、软硬件平台基础上,进行实验和现场调试,对系统实验结果进行分析,并根据实验结果对系统参数进行调整,以实现系统最优化。通过现场调试,证明了系统的可靠性和稳定性。
Working under the coal mine is a dangerous work, so how to protect the lives and safety of workers under the mine is the most important thing for the coal mining enterprises. In the current coal mining enterprises, surface personnel are too hard to dynamically master the personal distribution and operation situation once an accident, the efficiency of emergency rescue and safety rescue is low and the effect of searching and rescuing is poor. According to these problems, on the basic of researching and analyzing the present system at home and abroad, this paper presents a kind of personnel tracking and orientation system which bases on binary search algorithm. This system has many functions such as helping the coal mine to master the personnel tracking and orientation, monitor and control, attendance operation. When an accident occurred, the managers can master who are working on the operation surface and the number of them, so this system can guarantee the high efficiency of emergency rescue and safety rescue.
Firstly, bases on deep investigation, this paper discusses the research background, the research status and development trend at home and abroad of personnel tracking and orientation system for coal mine, and then puts forward the general design scheme which based on the analysis of the problems in current system.
Secondly, the solution of software and hardware is proposed after a detailed analysis on key technologies of current system.
The key technologies are analyzed, main anti-collision algorithm, ALOHA algorithm and binary search algorithm of radio frequency signal have been detailed analyzed and researched. Aspect of hardware, the paper determines the selection of hardware, related terminal equipment designed by using radio frequency Identification chip nRF24El and embedded controller S3C2410 as main devices, and related circuits are designed, implementation method on the hardware equipments which based on anti-collision algorithm of radio frequency signal of Binary Search Algorithm is given. Aspect of software, each part of function that system requires is detailed completed, related program is compiled. The main interface of upper computer software which based on MapX is detailed analyzed, which realizes the real-time animation display of underground workers and related information.
Thirdly, the paper does the experiment and field debugging which bases on system general design scheme, hardware and software platform. The experimental results of system is analyzed, system parameters is adjusted according to experimental results, so as to realize the optimization of system. Reliability and stability of system is proved through field debugging.
首先,论文在深入调查研究的基础上,论述了矿井人员跟踪定位系统的研究背景、国内外研究现状以及发展趋势,在分析现有系统存在问题的基础上给出了系统的总体设计方案。
其次,对系统的关键技术作了详细分析并给出了系统的软硬件解决方案。
分析了系统的关键技术,对射频信号主要的防碰撞算法ALOHA算法和二进制搜索算法作了详细分析和研究。硬件方面,确定了硬件选型,以射频识别芯片nRF24E1、嵌入式控制器S3C2410为主要器件设计了相关终端设备并给出了相关电路,给出了基于二进制搜索算法的射频信号防碰撞算法在硬件设备中的实现方法。软件方面,详尽完成了系统要求的各部分功能,编写了相关程序;详细分析了基于MapX的上位机软件主界面设计,实现了井下人员及其相关信息的实时游图功能。
最后,在基于系统总体设计方案、软硬件平台基础上,进行实验和现场调试,对系统实验结果进行分析,并根据实验结果对系统参数进行调整,以实现系统最优化。通过现场调试,证明了系统的可靠性和稳定性。
Working under the coal mine is a dangerous work, so how to protect the lives and safety of workers under the mine is the most important thing for the coal mining enterprises. In the current coal mining enterprises, surface personnel are too hard to dynamically master the personal distribution and operation situation once an accident, the efficiency of emergency rescue and safety rescue is low and the effect of searching and rescuing is poor. According to these problems, on the basic of researching and analyzing the present system at home and abroad, this paper presents a kind of personnel tracking and orientation system which bases on binary search algorithm. This system has many functions such as helping the coal mine to master the personnel tracking and orientation, monitor and control, attendance operation. When an accident occurred, the managers can master who are working on the operation surface and the number of them, so this system can guarantee the high efficiency of emergency rescue and safety rescue.
Firstly, bases on deep investigation, this paper discusses the research background, the research status and development trend at home and abroad of personnel tracking and orientation system for coal mine, and then puts forward the general design scheme which based on the analysis of the problems in current system.
Secondly, the solution of software and hardware is proposed after a detailed analysis on key technologies of current system.
The key technologies are analyzed, main anti-collision algorithm, ALOHA algorithm and binary search algorithm of radio frequency signal have been detailed analyzed and researched. Aspect of hardware, the paper determines the selection of hardware, related terminal equipment designed by using radio frequency Identification chip nRF24El and embedded controller S3C2410 as main devices, and related circuits are designed, implementation method on the hardware equipments which based on anti-collision algorithm of radio frequency signal of Binary Search Algorithm is given. Aspect of software, each part of function that system requires is detailed completed, related program is compiled. The main interface of upper computer software which based on MapX is detailed analyzed, which realizes the real-time animation display of underground workers and related information.
Thirdly, the paper does the experiment and field debugging which bases on system general design scheme, hardware and software platform. The experimental results of system is analyzed, system parameters is adjusted according to experimental results, so as to realize the optimization of system. Reliability and stability of system is proved through field debugging.
引文
1.董维武.世界煤炭生产与消费趋势[J],中国煤炭,2006,32(9):76-78
2.许金新.世界煤炭产业发展态势及我国煤炭企业参与国际竞争方略[J],煤炭经济研究,2005,289(07):19-20
3.彭成,康丽华.中国煤矿安全生产之现状[J],当代矿工,2003(1):18-20
4.D.J.Hind.Radio frequency identification and tracking systems in hazardous areas[A].5th International Conference on Electrical Safety in Hazardous Environments [C],London,1994:215-227
5.D.J.Application of radio frequency identification systems in the mining industry[A].6th Canadian Symposium on Mining Automation[C],Montreal,1994:34-39
6.王涛.我国煤矿矿井监控系统的现状与发展[J],煤炭科学技术,2000,28(9):43-45
7.孔斌.基于射频识别技术与CAN-485总线的矿井人员定位识别系统的研究[D],山东济南:山东大学,2008
8.于宏军.智能卡技术全书[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1996
9.Rao,K.V.S.An overview of backscattered radio frequency identification system(RFID).Microwave Conference,1999 Asia-Pacific,1999,8(3):746-749
10.杨君,刘云,吴海旺.无线射频技术及应用[J],现代通信,2003,(6):13-16
11.方配敏.新编传感器原理、应用、电路详解[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1994
12.刘琰,李辉,顾亮.射频识别技术软硬件系统研制[J],电子技术,2002,29(3):29-32
13.(美)桑顿等著;游战清等译.无线射频识别系统安全指南[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2007,78-86
14.游战清.无线射频识别技术(RFID)理论与应用[J],北京:电子工业出版社,2004,20-22
15.金纯,罗祖秋,罗凤,陈前斌.ZigBee技术基础及案例分析[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2008,321-326
16.周晓光,王晓华.射频识别(RFID)技术原理与应用实例[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2006,86-98
17.郎为民.射频识别(RFID)技术原理与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006,74-81
18.谭民,刘禹,曾隽芳.RFID技术系统工程及应用指南[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007,101-109
19.游战清,刘克胜,吴翔,林汉宏.无线射频识别(RFID)与条码技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,200627-34
20.L.G.Roberts.ALOHA packet system with and without slots and Capture[J],Compute Communication Review,1972,5(2):28-42
21.梁钊.ALOHA随机多址通信技术--从纯ALOHA到扩展ALOHA[J],移动通信,1999,23(5):17-20
22.J.I.Capetanakis.Tree algorithms for packet broadcast channels[J],IEEE transactions on Information Therory,1979,25(5):505-515
23.吴春华,陈军.动态ALOHA法在解决RFID反碰撞问题中的应用[J],电子器件,2003,26(2):173-176
24.L.R.Hunt,J.Turi.A new algorithm for constructing approximate transformation for nonlinear systems[J],IEEE Trans.on Automatic Control,1993,38(10):1553-1556
25.解振华,赖声礼,陈鹏.RFID技术和防碰撞算法[J],计算机工程与应用,2007,43(6):223-225,239
26.沈宇超,沈树群,樊荣,武戎,徐大雄.一种用于多目标实时识别的防碰撞算法:射频识别系统的关键技术[J],北京邮电大学学报,1999,22(1):10-14
27.鞠伟成,俞承芳.一种基于动态二进制的RFID抗冲突算法[J],复旦学报(自然科学版),2005,44(1):46-50
28.R.Kalinowski,M.Latteux,D.Simplot.An adaptive anti-collision protocol for smart labels.Joint Gemplus and LIFL contribution to ISO/IETC 18000-3 Working Group,2001
29.余松森,詹宜巨,彭卫东等.基于后退式索引的二进制树形搜索反碰撞算法及其实现[J],计算机工程与应用,2004,40(16):26-28
30.沈宇超,沈树群,王海波等.射频识别系统中的防碰撞算法设计[J],电子科学学刊,1999,21(5):702-705
31.解振华,赖声礼,陈鹏.射频卡防冲撞算法设计[J],计算机工程,2008,34(6):90-92
32.江岸,伍继雄,黄生叶等.改进的RFID二进制搜索防碰撞算法[J],计算机工程与应用,2009,45(5):229-235
33.夏继强,邢春香.现场总线工业控制网络技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版 社,2005,99-112
34.成继勋,孟祥忠.煤矿用现场总线标准的研究[J],煤炭学报,2001,26(6):656-659
35.饶运涛,邹继军,郑勇芸.现场总线CAN原理与应用技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003,14-20
36.杜尚峰,曹晓忠,徐津等.CAN总线测控技术及应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006,12-20
37.Thomas Nolte,Mikael Nolin,Hans A.Hansson.Real-time server-based Communication with CAN[J].IEEE transaction on industrial informatics,Vol.1,NO.3,Aug.2005,pp192-201
38.Xianmin Ma,Xiaoru Song.Coal gangue online recognition and automation selection system based on ARM and CAN bus[C].Proceedings of 2005 International Conference on Machine Learing and Cybernetics,2005,2(8),988-992
39.李永岗,李文宏.基于CAN总线的井下人员定位系统上位机软件设计[J],PLC&FA,2008(5):67-69
40.李文宏,李永岗.基于DELPHI的煤矿井下人员定位系统设计[J],煤矿机械,2008(11):117-119
41.刘宏宇,李文宏,李永岗.基于Labview的KJ314矿用移动目标监测系统[J],PLC&FA,2008(4):86-89
42.聂景楠.多址通信及其接入控制技术[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2006,2-18
43.DD Falconer,F Adachi,B Gudmundson.Time Division Multiple Access Methods for Wireless Personal Communications.IEEE Communications Magazine,1995,50-57
44.Peng Chen,Chunhua Zhao.Area Wireless Sensor Networks for Personnel Location under Coalmine.IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications,2007,2(5),2882-2885
45.李文仲,段朝玉.短距离无线数据通信入门与实战[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006,135-146
46.曹育红,田子健.特殊环境下无线通信系统的频率选择[J],电子工程师,2004,30(5):12-14
47.Q.V.Davis,D.J.R.Martin,R.W.Haining.Microwave radio in mines and tunnels[A].Proceedings of 34th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference Record[C],Pittsburgh(PA):31-36
48.吴钊炯,严仍友.2_4GHz无线收发芯片nRF24E1的原理及应用[J],国外电子元器件,2004,(9):35-37
49.李忠诚,高慧燕.基于nRF24E1的无线点菜系统架构[J],单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2007(4):61-64
50.周立功等.ARM&WINCE实验与实践--基于S3C2410[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2007,283-287
51.张琦文,谢建雄,谢劲心.ARM嵌入式常用模块与综合系统设计实例精讲[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006,5-14
52.周立功等.ARM嵌入式系统基础教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005,30-36
53.李荣正.PIC单片机原理及应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005,21-25
54.张皆喜.PIC系列单片机C语言编程与应用实例[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2008,3-10
55.彭树生.PIC单片机原理与接口技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2008,40-43
56.何玉洁.数据库管理与编程技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007,15-20
57.肖慎勇,尹兰,吴良霞.SQL Server数据库管理与开发[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006,19-25
58.(美)坎徒(Cantu,M.)著:魏海萍等译.Delphi2005从入门到精通[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006,10-15
59.李俊平.Delphi程序设计与软件项目开发[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007,21-23
60.杜巧玲,吴秀芹,张淼.Mapinfo7中文版入门与提高[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005,5-11
61.任印国,潘俊成,许新刚.Mapinfo与Delphi集成开发应用GIS方法探讨[J],扬州职业大学学报,2003,7(2):30-33
2.许金新.世界煤炭产业发展态势及我国煤炭企业参与国际竞争方略[J],煤炭经济研究,2005,289(07):19-20
3.彭成,康丽华.中国煤矿安全生产之现状[J],当代矿工,2003(1):18-20
4.D.J.Hind.Radio frequency identification and tracking systems in hazardous areas[A].5th International Conference on Electrical Safety in Hazardous Environments [C],London,1994:215-227
5.D.J.Application of radio frequency identification systems in the mining industry[A].6th Canadian Symposium on Mining Automation[C],Montreal,1994:34-39
6.王涛.我国煤矿矿井监控系统的现状与发展[J],煤炭科学技术,2000,28(9):43-45
7.孔斌.基于射频识别技术与CAN-485总线的矿井人员定位识别系统的研究[D],山东济南:山东大学,2008
8.于宏军.智能卡技术全书[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1996
9.Rao,K.V.S.An overview of backscattered radio frequency identification system(RFID).Microwave Conference,1999 Asia-Pacific,1999,8(3):746-749
10.杨君,刘云,吴海旺.无线射频技术及应用[J],现代通信,2003,(6):13-16
11.方配敏.新编传感器原理、应用、电路详解[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1994
12.刘琰,李辉,顾亮.射频识别技术软硬件系统研制[J],电子技术,2002,29(3):29-32
13.(美)桑顿等著;游战清等译.无线射频识别系统安全指南[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2007,78-86
14.游战清.无线射频识别技术(RFID)理论与应用[J],北京:电子工业出版社,2004,20-22
15.金纯,罗祖秋,罗凤,陈前斌.ZigBee技术基础及案例分析[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2008,321-326
16.周晓光,王晓华.射频识别(RFID)技术原理与应用实例[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2006,86-98
17.郎为民.射频识别(RFID)技术原理与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006,74-81
18.谭民,刘禹,曾隽芳.RFID技术系统工程及应用指南[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007,101-109
19.游战清,刘克胜,吴翔,林汉宏.无线射频识别(RFID)与条码技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,200627-34
20.L.G.Roberts.ALOHA packet system with and without slots and Capture[J],Compute Communication Review,1972,5(2):28-42
21.梁钊.ALOHA随机多址通信技术--从纯ALOHA到扩展ALOHA[J],移动通信,1999,23(5):17-20
22.J.I.Capetanakis.Tree algorithms for packet broadcast channels[J],IEEE transactions on Information Therory,1979,25(5):505-515
23.吴春华,陈军.动态ALOHA法在解决RFID反碰撞问题中的应用[J],电子器件,2003,26(2):173-176
24.L.R.Hunt,J.Turi.A new algorithm for constructing approximate transformation for nonlinear systems[J],IEEE Trans.on Automatic Control,1993,38(10):1553-1556
25.解振华,赖声礼,陈鹏.RFID技术和防碰撞算法[J],计算机工程与应用,2007,43(6):223-225,239
26.沈宇超,沈树群,樊荣,武戎,徐大雄.一种用于多目标实时识别的防碰撞算法:射频识别系统的关键技术[J],北京邮电大学学报,1999,22(1):10-14
27.鞠伟成,俞承芳.一种基于动态二进制的RFID抗冲突算法[J],复旦学报(自然科学版),2005,44(1):46-50
28.R.Kalinowski,M.Latteux,D.Simplot.An adaptive anti-collision protocol for smart labels.Joint Gemplus and LIFL contribution to ISO/IETC 18000-3 Working Group,2001
29.余松森,詹宜巨,彭卫东等.基于后退式索引的二进制树形搜索反碰撞算法及其实现[J],计算机工程与应用,2004,40(16):26-28
30.沈宇超,沈树群,王海波等.射频识别系统中的防碰撞算法设计[J],电子科学学刊,1999,21(5):702-705
31.解振华,赖声礼,陈鹏.射频卡防冲撞算法设计[J],计算机工程,2008,34(6):90-92
32.江岸,伍继雄,黄生叶等.改进的RFID二进制搜索防碰撞算法[J],计算机工程与应用,2009,45(5):229-235
33.夏继强,邢春香.现场总线工业控制网络技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版 社,2005,99-112
34.成继勋,孟祥忠.煤矿用现场总线标准的研究[J],煤炭学报,2001,26(6):656-659
35.饶运涛,邹继军,郑勇芸.现场总线CAN原理与应用技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003,14-20
36.杜尚峰,曹晓忠,徐津等.CAN总线测控技术及应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006,12-20
37.Thomas Nolte,Mikael Nolin,Hans A.Hansson.Real-time server-based Communication with CAN[J].IEEE transaction on industrial informatics,Vol.1,NO.3,Aug.2005,pp192-201
38.Xianmin Ma,Xiaoru Song.Coal gangue online recognition and automation selection system based on ARM and CAN bus[C].Proceedings of 2005 International Conference on Machine Learing and Cybernetics,2005,2(8),988-992
39.李永岗,李文宏.基于CAN总线的井下人员定位系统上位机软件设计[J],PLC&FA,2008(5):67-69
40.李文宏,李永岗.基于DELPHI的煤矿井下人员定位系统设计[J],煤矿机械,2008(11):117-119
41.刘宏宇,李文宏,李永岗.基于Labview的KJ314矿用移动目标监测系统[J],PLC&FA,2008(4):86-89
42.聂景楠.多址通信及其接入控制技术[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2006,2-18
43.DD Falconer,F Adachi,B Gudmundson.Time Division Multiple Access Methods for Wireless Personal Communications.IEEE Communications Magazine,1995,50-57
44.Peng Chen,Chunhua Zhao.Area Wireless Sensor Networks for Personnel Location under Coalmine.IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications,2007,2(5),2882-2885
45.李文仲,段朝玉.短距离无线数据通信入门与实战[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006,135-146
46.曹育红,田子健.特殊环境下无线通信系统的频率选择[J],电子工程师,2004,30(5):12-14
47.Q.V.Davis,D.J.R.Martin,R.W.Haining.Microwave radio in mines and tunnels[A].Proceedings of 34th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference Record[C],Pittsburgh(PA):31-36
48.吴钊炯,严仍友.2_4GHz无线收发芯片nRF24E1的原理及应用[J],国外电子元器件,2004,(9):35-37
49.李忠诚,高慧燕.基于nRF24E1的无线点菜系统架构[J],单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2007(4):61-64
50.周立功等.ARM&WINCE实验与实践--基于S3C2410[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2007,283-287
51.张琦文,谢建雄,谢劲心.ARM嵌入式常用模块与综合系统设计实例精讲[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006,5-14
52.周立功等.ARM嵌入式系统基础教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005,30-36
53.李荣正.PIC单片机原理及应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005,21-25
54.张皆喜.PIC系列单片机C语言编程与应用实例[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2008,3-10
55.彭树生.PIC单片机原理与接口技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2008,40-43
56.何玉洁.数据库管理与编程技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007,15-20
57.肖慎勇,尹兰,吴良霞.SQL Server数据库管理与开发[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006,19-25
58.(美)坎徒(Cantu,M.)著:魏海萍等译.Delphi2005从入门到精通[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006,10-15
59.李俊平.Delphi程序设计与软件项目开发[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007,21-23
60.杜巧玲,吴秀芹,张淼.Mapinfo7中文版入门与提高[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005,5-11
61.任印国,潘俊成,许新刚.Mapinfo与Delphi集成开发应用GIS方法探讨[J],扬州职业大学学报,2003,7(2):30-33