煤粒瓦斯放散规律、机理与动力学模型研究
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摘要
煤粒的瓦斯放散规律、机理和模型的研究是煤层瓦斯含量测定、突出危险性预测参数测定、落煤的瓦斯涌出和煤层气开发等方面的关键科学问题之一。采用物理模拟试验、孔隙结构实验测定、数学建模、理论分析和数值解算等方法，研究了煤粒瓦斯放散规律及其影响因素、瓦斯放散机理和物理数学模型，研究成果完善了煤粒瓦斯放散规律和理论。
研制了具有温控功能的大质量煤样高效瓦斯吸附解吸实验系统，实验研究了吸附平衡压力、变质程度、破坏程度、粒度、水分和环境温度等因素对煤粒瓦斯放散动力学的影响规律和机理；采用压汞、低温液氮等温吸附和扫描电镜等手段测定了不同变质程度和不同破坏类型煤的孔裂隙结构参数，结合前人关于煤分子结构和孔隙结构的研究成果，研究了变质程度和破坏程度对煤的孔隙结构控制特征，探讨了动力变质对瓦斯放散规律的影响，进一步完善了变质程度和破坏程度对煤粒瓦斯放散影响规律和机理；在实验研究基础上，根据气体在多孔介质扩散理论，补充完善了煤粒的瓦斯放散机理，结合变扩散系数规律，建立了基于连续性扩散理论的三层孔隙结构物理数学扩散模型，求出了通解，进行了理论探讨和验证。
实验研究结果表明：不同吸附平衡压力下的瓦斯放散速度随时间变化关系可表示为：V=B·P~(kp)·t~(-kt)，但同一煤样，不同时间段，相关参数均发生变化；吸附平衡瓦斯压力对煤粒瓦斯扩散系数的影响可忽略不计；变质程度对极限瓦斯放散量的影响呈U型变化，扩散系数总体随变质程度的提高呈增大趋势，但变质程度为贫瘦煤的鹤壁煤样高于无烟煤的晋城煤样；软、硬煤的极限瓦斯放散量相差不大，软煤稍高于硬煤；相同时间段，软煤瓦斯放散量和瓦斯放散速度明显大于硬煤；9个经验公式中乌式更适合描述整个瓦斯放散过程，但相关系数仍偏低，软煤的扩散系数明显高于硬煤，基本在2~10倍之间变化，随时间延长而衰减，衰减程度相对较大；软、硬煤瓦斯放散初速度差值随粒度的减小而减小，提出了原始粒度概念，粒度差别是软硬煤差别的本质特征之一；瓦斯扩散参数KB随粒度的减小而增大，扩散系数随粒度减小而减小；气态水分减小了极限瓦斯放散量、瓦斯放散初速度和扩散系数，查明了气态水对煤粒水对瓦斯放散的影响机理；理论推导了瓦斯扩散量与温度T呈指数关系，建立了瓦斯放散量随环境温度呈指数变化的修正公式，扩散系数随温度升高而增大，查明了温度对瓦斯扩散系数的影响机理。
孔隙结构测定结果表明，破坏程度增加了煤的总孔容、中孔、过渡孔、大孔孔容和比表面积，其中中孔增加最显著，孔隙连通性也得到明显改善，微孔变化不明显；随变质程度提高，总体上，总孔容呈指数下降，大孔、中孔和过渡孔呈下降趋势，微孔逐渐升高，比表面积呈U型变化。结合煤的分子结构研究成果，动力变质作用在一定程度上改变了微孔结构。
理论分析表明，煤粒吸附瓦斯的放散过程，可用气体在多孔介质中的扩散理论描述，扩散模式包括细孔扩散、表面扩散和晶体扩散，其中，细孔扩散决定了煤粒瓦斯的动力学特性，实际煤粒的瓦斯扩散参数受孔隙直径、孔分布、迂曲度和连通性等孔隙结构特征参数控制，表现出随时间衰减的现象，主要由煤粒内孔隙和瓦斯分布不均匀造成的。
在以上研究的基础上，结合气体在多孔介质扩散物理数学模型存在的问题，建立了基于煤粒瓦斯连续性扩散理论的三层结构新模型，推导出了扩散率关于放散时间的无穷级数通解，扩散率与时间呈指数关系，经数值验证，与煤粒瓦斯扩散实验规律基本一致，拟合的相关参数反映了软、硬煤的孔隙结构和扩散规律方面差异。
The research on gas emission rule, mechanism and model from coal particle is one ofthe key scientific problems to coal seam gas content determination, outburst hazardprediction parameter determination, gas emission of coal drop and CBM development etc.According to a large number of domestic and foreign research contributions, combiningwith the application problems of coal grain gas radiation law, the research objectives andthe main content are determined. The coal grain gas radiation law and its influence factors,gas radiation mechanism and physics&mathematics model are studied by physicalsimulation experiment, experimental determination of pore structure, mathematicalmodeling, theory analysis and numerical solver methods etc, which research resultssupport and promote the consummate of coal grain gas radiation law and mechanism.
A novel high-efficiency gas absorption-desorption experimental system on largemass coal sample with temperature controlling function is designed and, by which theinfluence law and mechanism of adsorption balance pressure, metamorphic degree, theextent of damage, grain size, water and environmental temperature to coal grain gasradiation dynamics are studied; pore-crack structure parameters of different metamorphicdegree and different failure types tectonic coal using the mercury injection, lowtemperature liquid nitrogen adsorption isotherm and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)are measured. Combining previous research results of coal molecular and pore-crackstructure, the control characteristics of metamorphic degree and the extent of damage tocoal pore-crack structure are studied, and the dynamic metamorphism problem arediscussed, so that it further perfects the influence law and mechanism of metamorphicdegree and the extent of damage to coal pore-crack structure; According to the gasdiffusion theory in porous media complemented coal grain gas radiation mechanismbased on the experiment study, combined with the changing diffusion coefficient ruleestablished physics-mathematics diffusion model of coal grain gas having three storey’spore-crack structure, found the general solution of the model which got theoreticalanalysis and verification.
The results of the study show that gas radiation speed under different adsorptionbalance pressure changes with time, which agree with the relationship: V=B·P~(kp)·t~(-kt) adsorption balance pressure gas have little influence on diffusioncoefficient which can be ignored. Metamorphic degree have the same influence on themax ultimate gas radiation and adsorption ability, diffusion coefficient increase with thedegree of metamorphic generally, metamorphic degree have little influence on the maxultimate gas radiation. gas radiation quantity, radiation coefficient and gas radiationspeed of soft coal significantly greater than the hard coal during the same time, basically,the changes between2to10times which decay with time significantly. Difference ofinitial velocity of the gas emission between soft coal and hard coal reduce with thedecrease of the coal sample size, put forward the original particle size concept, differenceof coal grain size is one of the defining features between soft and hard coal, gas radiationparameter KB increase with coal grain size decreases while gas radiation parameterdecreases with coal grain size decreases; Found out the influence mechanism lead to thatgaseous water not only decreases the amount of max ultimate gas radiation, bur alsoreducing initial velocity of the gas emission and diffusion coefficient; Set upexponentially correction change formula of gas radiation quantity and environmentaltemperature, diffusion coefficient increased with temperature rise, found out theinfluence mechanism of the temperature on the diffusion coefficient.
The results of pore structure determination show that the degree of damage increasescoal of the total pore volume, mesopores, transition pores, the pore volume of macroporesand the specific surface area, of which mesopores increase most significantly, theconnectivity of pores also significantly improve, and micropores changeunconspicuously; With the improvement of metamorphic degree, overall, coal of totalpore volume have an index decreased, in the same time, macropores, mesopores and thetransition pores also appeared downward trend, micropores gradually increase, and thespecific surface area changes with U-shaped. With the molecular structure of coalresearch, dynamic metamorphism is not obvious.
Theoretical analysis shows that it is a gas adsorption-desorption process of coalgrain, which describe by the available gas diffusion in porous media theory, the diffusionmodel includes pore diffusion, surface diffusion and crystal proliferation, in which coalparticles and pore diffusion determines the dynamics of gas the actual parameters of coalparticles by the pore diameter of the diffusion, pore size distribution, tortuosity and connectivity controlled pore structure, which has features with time attenuation.
According to the research progress on cognition and gas in porous medium model,this paper established physics-mathematics diffusion model of coal grain gas having threelayers pore-crack structure, derived infinite series general solution of diffusion rate onbleeding time, and gained the exponential relationship between diffusion rate and time,which consistent with the law of coal gas diffusion experiment.
研制了具有温控功能的大质量煤样高效瓦斯吸附解吸实验系统，实验研究了吸附平衡压力、变质程度、破坏程度、粒度、水分和环境温度等因素对煤粒瓦斯放散动力学的影响规律和机理；采用压汞、低温液氮等温吸附和扫描电镜等手段测定了不同变质程度和不同破坏类型煤的孔裂隙结构参数，结合前人关于煤分子结构和孔隙结构的研究成果，研究了变质程度和破坏程度对煤的孔隙结构控制特征，探讨了动力变质对瓦斯放散规律的影响，进一步完善了变质程度和破坏程度对煤粒瓦斯放散影响规律和机理；在实验研究基础上，根据气体在多孔介质扩散理论，补充完善了煤粒的瓦斯放散机理，结合变扩散系数规律，建立了基于连续性扩散理论的三层孔隙结构物理数学扩散模型，求出了通解，进行了理论探讨和验证。
实验研究结果表明：不同吸附平衡压力下的瓦斯放散速度随时间变化关系可表示为：V=B·P~(kp)·t~(-kt)，但同一煤样，不同时间段，相关参数均发生变化；吸附平衡瓦斯压力对煤粒瓦斯扩散系数的影响可忽略不计；变质程度对极限瓦斯放散量的影响呈U型变化，扩散系数总体随变质程度的提高呈增大趋势，但变质程度为贫瘦煤的鹤壁煤样高于无烟煤的晋城煤样；软、硬煤的极限瓦斯放散量相差不大，软煤稍高于硬煤；相同时间段，软煤瓦斯放散量和瓦斯放散速度明显大于硬煤；9个经验公式中乌式更适合描述整个瓦斯放散过程，但相关系数仍偏低，软煤的扩散系数明显高于硬煤，基本在2~10倍之间变化，随时间延长而衰减，衰减程度相对较大；软、硬煤瓦斯放散初速度差值随粒度的减小而减小，提出了原始粒度概念，粒度差别是软硬煤差别的本质特征之一；瓦斯扩散参数KB随粒度的减小而增大，扩散系数随粒度减小而减小；气态水分减小了极限瓦斯放散量、瓦斯放散初速度和扩散系数，查明了气态水对煤粒水对瓦斯放散的影响机理；理论推导了瓦斯扩散量与温度T呈指数关系，建立了瓦斯放散量随环境温度呈指数变化的修正公式，扩散系数随温度升高而增大，查明了温度对瓦斯扩散系数的影响机理。
孔隙结构测定结果表明，破坏程度增加了煤的总孔容、中孔、过渡孔、大孔孔容和比表面积，其中中孔增加最显著，孔隙连通性也得到明显改善，微孔变化不明显；随变质程度提高，总体上，总孔容呈指数下降，大孔、中孔和过渡孔呈下降趋势，微孔逐渐升高，比表面积呈U型变化。结合煤的分子结构研究成果，动力变质作用在一定程度上改变了微孔结构。
理论分析表明，煤粒吸附瓦斯的放散过程，可用气体在多孔介质中的扩散理论描述，扩散模式包括细孔扩散、表面扩散和晶体扩散，其中，细孔扩散决定了煤粒瓦斯的动力学特性，实际煤粒的瓦斯扩散参数受孔隙直径、孔分布、迂曲度和连通性等孔隙结构特征参数控制，表现出随时间衰减的现象，主要由煤粒内孔隙和瓦斯分布不均匀造成的。
在以上研究的基础上，结合气体在多孔介质扩散物理数学模型存在的问题，建立了基于煤粒瓦斯连续性扩散理论的三层结构新模型，推导出了扩散率关于放散时间的无穷级数通解，扩散率与时间呈指数关系，经数值验证，与煤粒瓦斯扩散实验规律基本一致，拟合的相关参数反映了软、硬煤的孔隙结构和扩散规律方面差异。
The research on gas emission rule, mechanism and model from coal particle is one ofthe key scientific problems to coal seam gas content determination, outburst hazardprediction parameter determination, gas emission of coal drop and CBM development etc.According to a large number of domestic and foreign research contributions, combiningwith the application problems of coal grain gas radiation law, the research objectives andthe main content are determined. The coal grain gas radiation law and its influence factors,gas radiation mechanism and physics&mathematics model are studied by physicalsimulation experiment, experimental determination of pore structure, mathematicalmodeling, theory analysis and numerical solver methods etc, which research resultssupport and promote the consummate of coal grain gas radiation law and mechanism.
A novel high-efficiency gas absorption-desorption experimental system on largemass coal sample with temperature controlling function is designed and, by which theinfluence law and mechanism of adsorption balance pressure, metamorphic degree, theextent of damage, grain size, water and environmental temperature to coal grain gasradiation dynamics are studied; pore-crack structure parameters of different metamorphicdegree and different failure types tectonic coal using the mercury injection, lowtemperature liquid nitrogen adsorption isotherm and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)are measured. Combining previous research results of coal molecular and pore-crackstructure, the control characteristics of metamorphic degree and the extent of damage tocoal pore-crack structure are studied, and the dynamic metamorphism problem arediscussed, so that it further perfects the influence law and mechanism of metamorphicdegree and the extent of damage to coal pore-crack structure; According to the gasdiffusion theory in porous media complemented coal grain gas radiation mechanismbased on the experiment study, combined with the changing diffusion coefficient ruleestablished physics-mathematics diffusion model of coal grain gas having three storey’spore-crack structure, found the general solution of the model which got theoreticalanalysis and verification.
The results of the study show that gas radiation speed under different adsorptionbalance pressure changes with time, which agree with the relationship: V=B·P~(kp)·t~(-kt) adsorption balance pressure gas have little influence on diffusioncoefficient which can be ignored. Metamorphic degree have the same influence on themax ultimate gas radiation and adsorption ability, diffusion coefficient increase with thedegree of metamorphic generally, metamorphic degree have little influence on the maxultimate gas radiation. gas radiation quantity, radiation coefficient and gas radiationspeed of soft coal significantly greater than the hard coal during the same time, basically,the changes between2to10times which decay with time significantly. Difference ofinitial velocity of the gas emission between soft coal and hard coal reduce with thedecrease of the coal sample size, put forward the original particle size concept, differenceof coal grain size is one of the defining features between soft and hard coal, gas radiationparameter KB increase with coal grain size decreases while gas radiation parameterdecreases with coal grain size decreases; Found out the influence mechanism lead to thatgaseous water not only decreases the amount of max ultimate gas radiation, bur alsoreducing initial velocity of the gas emission and diffusion coefficient; Set upexponentially correction change formula of gas radiation quantity and environmentaltemperature, diffusion coefficient increased with temperature rise, found out theinfluence mechanism of the temperature on the diffusion coefficient.
The results of pore structure determination show that the degree of damage increasescoal of the total pore volume, mesopores, transition pores, the pore volume of macroporesand the specific surface area, of which mesopores increase most significantly, theconnectivity of pores also significantly improve, and micropores changeunconspicuously; With the improvement of metamorphic degree, overall, coal of totalpore volume have an index decreased, in the same time, macropores, mesopores and thetransition pores also appeared downward trend, micropores gradually increase, and thespecific surface area changes with U-shaped. With the molecular structure of coalresearch, dynamic metamorphism is not obvious.
Theoretical analysis shows that it is a gas adsorption-desorption process of coalgrain, which describe by the available gas diffusion in porous media theory, the diffusionmodel includes pore diffusion, surface diffusion and crystal proliferation, in which coalparticles and pore diffusion determines the dynamics of gas the actual parameters of coalparticles by the pore diameter of the diffusion, pore size distribution, tortuosity and connectivity controlled pore structure, which has features with time attenuation.
According to the research progress on cognition and gas in porous medium model,this paper established physics-mathematics diffusion model of coal grain gas having threelayers pore-crack structure, derived infinite series general solution of diffusion rate onbleeding time, and gained the exponential relationship between diffusion rate and time,which consistent with the law of coal gas diffusion experiment.
引文
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