糖萜素对鸡肉品质的影响及其作用机理研究
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摘要
抗生素耐药性及其在动物产品中的残留直接影响人类健康，消除抗生素耐药性已成为世界公共性行动计划，抗生素替代物的研究已成为世界高科技研究热点。
本研究以艾维茵 (Arbor Acres,AA) 肉鸡为试验对象，研究新型饲用抗生素替代物对鸡肉品质和肌肉肝脏等组织中铅含量的影响，并通过测定血清、肌肉等生理生化指标以及体外研究糖萜素及皂甙和铅的络合反应，探讨糖萜素对肉质作用的机理。
360羽公母混合的AA雏鸡 (始重38±0.29g) 按饲养试验要求随机分为6组，每组设三个重复，每个重复20羽，以网上平养方式进行了为期49天的饲养试验。在相同的玉米—豆粕饲粮中，分别添加500毫克/千克糖萜素；500毫克／千克糖萜素和10毫克／千克铅；10毫克／千克铅、40毫克／千克维吉尼亚霉素(50％)和200毫克／千克地克珠利(1％)；40毫克／千克维吉尼亚霉素(50％)和200毫克／千克地克珠利(1％)；10毫克／千克铅和空白对照。试验期间自由采食、饮水和24小时光照。饲养试验结束后，每组选择体重相近的试验鸡18羽 (公母各半)，共108羽，按照常规方法进行屠宰，采集胸肌、肝脏、肾脏和血清样品采用高效液相色谱、原子吸收以及试剂盒等理化方法测定各种肉质指标。
肉质分析表明，糖萜素组胸肌肉色L~*值 (表示肉的亮度，L~*值越低，肉色越好) 比抗生素组和空白组分别降低了8.02％(P＜0.05)和11.27％(P＜0.05)；a~*值(表示肉的红色度，a~*值越高，肉色越好) 分别提高了58.02％(P＜0.01)和36.89％(P＞0.05)；b~*值 (表示肉的黄色度，b~*值越低，肉色越好) 分别降低了32.28％(P＜0.01)和23.06％(P＜0.05)；糖萜素组胸肌中肌红蛋白含量比抗生素组和空白组分别提高了15.98％(P＜0.01)和11.44％(P＜0.05)；糖萜素+铅组胸肌中肌红蛋白含量比抗生素+铅组和铅组分别提高了11.07％(P＞0.05)和11.57％(P＜0.05)。糖萜素组胸肌滴水损失比抗生素组和空白组分别降低了15.96％(P＜0.05)和29.51％(P＜0.01)。糖萜素组胸肌pH值比抗生素组和空白组分别提高了4.53％(P＜0.05)、
浙江大学硕士论文
4 .71%(P(0.05)。
糖菇素组胸肌中胆固醇含量比抗生素组和空白组分别降低了26.39%
(P(0.05)和13.51%(P)0.05);肌昔酸含量分别提高T 21.37%(P=0.1)和6.76
%(P=0.58);糖菇素+铅组胸肌中肌昔酸含量比抗生素+铅组和铅组分别提高
了39.87%(P(0.01)和33.75%(P(0.01)。
糖菇素组胸肌中丙二醛含量比抗生素组和空白组分别降低了17.01%
(P<0.05)和32.10%(P<0.05)，胸肌中GSH一Px活力提高了52.92%(P<0.01)
和103.83%(P<0 .01);糖菇素+铅组胸肌中丙二醛含量分别比抗生素+铅组和铅
组降低了12.59%(P=0.51)和14.49%(P=0.45)，胸肌中GSH一Px活力提高了
53.38%(P<0.01)和80.12%(P(0.01)。
糖菇素组胸肌中铅的含量比抗生素组和空白组分别降低了16.19%(P>0.05)
和14.89%(P>0 .05);肾脏、肝脏和全血中铅的含量都有降低的趋势(P>0.05);
糖菇素+铅组胸肌中铅的含量比抗生素+铅组和铅组分别降低了42.14%(P<0 .05)
和42.03%(P<0 .05);肝脏中铅的含量明显降低(P<0.05)。
体外的试验表明:10mg/ml的糖菇素中皂贰和10mg/ml铅在室温下可以发生
络合反应，并且当两种溶液在其原有的pH值条件下混合时，沉淀量最多，此时铅
减少的百分含量为13 .89%;在此PH值条件下，当糖菇素中三菇皂贰与铅的摩尔
浓度为3:7时，其沉淀量最多，溶液中铅的含量减少了3239%。
对血液中生化指标测试表明，糖菇素组血清中肌酸激酶活力比抗生素组和空
白组分别降低了35.46%(P<0.05)和27.”%(P>0.05);乳酸脱氢酶活力提高了
11.39%(P(0.05)和13.39%(P(0.05);GSH一Px的活性分别升高了24.10%(P(0.01)
和37.72%(P<0 .01);血清中酸性磷酸酶活性分别提高了9.44%(P>0 .05)和5824%
(P(0.01);血清中肌醉含量提高了58.13%(P<0.01)和102.35%(P(0.01);血
清中游离脂肪酸含量降低了32.06%(P(0.05)和50.25%(P<0.01)。
糖菇素+铅组血清中肌酸激酶活力比抗生素+铅组和铅组分别降低
29.21%%(P>0.05)和23.22%(P>0.05);乳酸脱氢酶活力分别提高了8.87%(P>0.05)
和24.82%(P(0.01);血清中酸性磷酸酶活性分别提高了20.05%(P>0.05)和66.89%
(P<0.01);血清中GSH一Px的活性分别提高了1 .31%(P>0.05)和22.24%(P(0.01)。
本研究结果表明:饲料中添加500毫克/千克的糖菇素具有改善鸡肉颜色、提
只
浙江大学硕士论文
高肉的抗氧化性能和肌肉中肌昔酸含量、降低肌肉中胆固醇以及肌肉和肝脏中铅
含量的功能。因此糖菇素饲料添加剂的应用对延长肉的货架期，提供安全优质的
畜禽产品，扩大我国畜禽产品的出口以及进一步开发低胆固醇动物产品，保护人
类健康具有十分重要的意义。
Antibiotics resistance and its residue in animal production were affecting people health directly. It had become a public plan to eliminate antibiotics resistance. The study of substitution of antibiotics had become a hotspot in high technological domain.
This research studied the effects of saccharicterpenin and acetate lead on meat quality in Arbor Acres broilers. It discussed the mechanism of saccharioterpenin by measuring meat traits, serum, and various tissue biochemical parameters.
Three hundred sixty Arbor Acres commercial broilers were allotted to six treatment groups, each treatment with three replicates, each replication with twenty broilers. The broilers were kept on iron net and feeding trail dietary lasted forty- nine days. The groups received the same basal corn-bean diet ,supplemented with 500mg/kg saccharicterpenin(ST), 500mg/kg saccharicterpenin and lOmg/kg acetate lead(ST+Pb), 10mg/kg acetate lead and 40mg/kg viginiamycin (50%)and 200mg/kg diclazuril (1%) (Ab+Pb), 40mg/kg viginiamycin (50%)and 200mg/kg diclazuril (1%) (Ab), lOmg/kg acetate lead (Pb), and O(control) respectively. In the cause of trail, the broilers were allowed to ingest dietary and drink freely and also given light for twenty-four hours. The experimental diets were formulated according to broiler nutrients requirements proposed by NRC (1994) respectively. After feeding trail, eighteen chicks (half cocks and half hens) were picked out from the groups on the base of similar live weight and slaughtered in the light of general manners to determine meat quality. Breast muscles,
liver, kidney and serum samples were collected for laboratory analysis.
The results of meat quality analysis showed L*value of ST group broiler breast muscle was decreased by 8.02% (P<0.05) and 11.27%(P<0.05), a*value of ST group broiler chicks was improved by 58.02%(P<0.01) and 36.89%(P>0.05), b*value was decreased by 32.28% (P<0.01) and 23.06%(P>0.05) compared Ab and Control group respectively. The content of myoglobin (Mb) in ST group broiler breast muscle was increased by 15.98%(P<0.01) and 11.44%(P<0.05) compared to Ab and Control group, and the content of myoglobin in ST+Pb group broiler breast muscle was improved by 11.07%(P>0.05) and 11.57%(P>0.05) compared to Ab+Pb group and Pb group. The drip loss in ST group broiler breast muscle was reduced by 15.96%(P<0.05) and 29.51%(P<0.01) compared to Ab group and Control group. The pH value of ST group broiler breast muscle was improved by 4.53%(P<0.05) and 4.71%(P<0.05) compared to Ab group and Control group.
The cholesterol content hi ST group breast muscle was decreased by 26.39%(P<0.05) and 13.51%(P>0.05) compared to Ab group and Control group. The content of inosinic acid in ST group breast muscle was improved by 21.37% (P= 0. l)and 6.76%(P=0.58) compared to Ab group and Control group. Compared to Ab+Pb group and Pb group, the content of inosinic acid in ST+Pb group breast muscle was unproved by 39.87% and 33.75%(P<0.01).
Compared to Ab group and Control group, the content of maleic dialdehyde in ST group breast muscle was reduced by 17.01% and 32.10% (P<0.05), the content of glutathione peroxidase was improved by 52.92% and 103.83% (P<0.01). Compared to Ab+Pb group and Pb group, the content of maleic dialdehyde in ST+Pb group breast muscle was reduced byl2.59%(P = 0.51)and 14.49% (P = 0.45), the content of glutathione peroxidase was improved by 53.38% and 80.12% (P<0.01).
The content of heavy metal lead in ST group breast muscle was decreased by 16.19%(P>0.05) and 14.89%(P>0.05) and the content lead in liver, kidney and blood of ST group trended to be reduced (P>0.05) compared to Ab and Control group. The content of heavy metal lead in ST+Pb group breast muscle was decreased by
42.14%(P<0.05) and 42.03% (P<0.05) and its content in liver was also decreased by24.63%(P<0.05) and 24.16% (P<0.05) compared to Ab+Pb and Pb group respectively. The result of vitro test showed lOmg/kg saponins in saccharioterpenin and 10mg/kg acetate lead could take place complexing response at room tempe
本研究以艾维茵 (Arbor Acres,AA) 肉鸡为试验对象，研究新型饲用抗生素替代物对鸡肉品质和肌肉肝脏等组织中铅含量的影响，并通过测定血清、肌肉等生理生化指标以及体外研究糖萜素及皂甙和铅的络合反应，探讨糖萜素对肉质作用的机理。
360羽公母混合的AA雏鸡 (始重38±0.29g) 按饲养试验要求随机分为6组，每组设三个重复，每个重复20羽，以网上平养方式进行了为期49天的饲养试验。在相同的玉米—豆粕饲粮中，分别添加500毫克/千克糖萜素；500毫克／千克糖萜素和10毫克／千克铅；10毫克／千克铅、40毫克／千克维吉尼亚霉素(50％)和200毫克／千克地克珠利(1％)；40毫克／千克维吉尼亚霉素(50％)和200毫克／千克地克珠利(1％)；10毫克／千克铅和空白对照。试验期间自由采食、饮水和24小时光照。饲养试验结束后，每组选择体重相近的试验鸡18羽 (公母各半)，共108羽，按照常规方法进行屠宰，采集胸肌、肝脏、肾脏和血清样品采用高效液相色谱、原子吸收以及试剂盒等理化方法测定各种肉质指标。
肉质分析表明，糖萜素组胸肌肉色L~*值 (表示肉的亮度，L~*值越低，肉色越好) 比抗生素组和空白组分别降低了8.02％(P＜0.05)和11.27％(P＜0.05)；a~*值(表示肉的红色度，a~*值越高，肉色越好) 分别提高了58.02％(P＜0.01)和36.89％(P＞0.05)；b~*值 (表示肉的黄色度，b~*值越低，肉色越好) 分别降低了32.28％(P＜0.01)和23.06％(P＜0.05)；糖萜素组胸肌中肌红蛋白含量比抗生素组和空白组分别提高了15.98％(P＜0.01)和11.44％(P＜0.05)；糖萜素+铅组胸肌中肌红蛋白含量比抗生素+铅组和铅组分别提高了11.07％(P＞0.05)和11.57％(P＜0.05)。糖萜素组胸肌滴水损失比抗生素组和空白组分别降低了15.96％(P＜0.05)和29.51％(P＜0.01)。糖萜素组胸肌pH值比抗生素组和空白组分别提高了4.53％(P＜0.05)、
浙江大学硕士论文
4 .71%(P(0.05)。
糖菇素组胸肌中胆固醇含量比抗生素组和空白组分别降低了26.39%
(P(0.05)和13.51%(P)0.05);肌昔酸含量分别提高T 21.37%(P=0.1)和6.76
%(P=0.58);糖菇素+铅组胸肌中肌昔酸含量比抗生素+铅组和铅组分别提高
了39.87%(P(0.01)和33.75%(P(0.01)。
糖菇素组胸肌中丙二醛含量比抗生素组和空白组分别降低了17.01%
(P<0.05)和32.10%(P<0.05)，胸肌中GSH一Px活力提高了52.92%(P<0.01)
和103.83%(P<0 .01);糖菇素+铅组胸肌中丙二醛含量分别比抗生素+铅组和铅
组降低了12.59%(P=0.51)和14.49%(P=0.45)，胸肌中GSH一Px活力提高了
53.38%(P<0.01)和80.12%(P(0.01)。
糖菇素组胸肌中铅的含量比抗生素组和空白组分别降低了16.19%(P>0.05)
和14.89%(P>0 .05);肾脏、肝脏和全血中铅的含量都有降低的趋势(P>0.05);
糖菇素+铅组胸肌中铅的含量比抗生素+铅组和铅组分别降低了42.14%(P<0 .05)
和42.03%(P<0 .05);肝脏中铅的含量明显降低(P<0.05)。
体外的试验表明:10mg/ml的糖菇素中皂贰和10mg/ml铅在室温下可以发生
络合反应，并且当两种溶液在其原有的pH值条件下混合时，沉淀量最多，此时铅
减少的百分含量为13 .89%;在此PH值条件下，当糖菇素中三菇皂贰与铅的摩尔
浓度为3:7时，其沉淀量最多，溶液中铅的含量减少了3239%。
对血液中生化指标测试表明，糖菇素组血清中肌酸激酶活力比抗生素组和空
白组分别降低了35.46%(P<0.05)和27.”%(P>0.05);乳酸脱氢酶活力提高了
11.39%(P(0.05)和13.39%(P(0.05);GSH一Px的活性分别升高了24.10%(P(0.01)
和37.72%(P<0 .01);血清中酸性磷酸酶活性分别提高了9.44%(P>0 .05)和5824%
(P(0.01);血清中肌醉含量提高了58.13%(P<0.01)和102.35%(P(0.01);血
清中游离脂肪酸含量降低了32.06%(P(0.05)和50.25%(P<0.01)。
糖菇素+铅组血清中肌酸激酶活力比抗生素+铅组和铅组分别降低
29.21%%(P>0.05)和23.22%(P>0.05);乳酸脱氢酶活力分别提高了8.87%(P>0.05)
和24.82%(P(0.01);血清中酸性磷酸酶活性分别提高了20.05%(P>0.05)和66.89%
(P<0.01);血清中GSH一Px的活性分别提高了1 .31%(P>0.05)和22.24%(P(0.01)。
本研究结果表明:饲料中添加500毫克/千克的糖菇素具有改善鸡肉颜色、提
只
浙江大学硕士论文
高肉的抗氧化性能和肌肉中肌昔酸含量、降低肌肉中胆固醇以及肌肉和肝脏中铅
含量的功能。因此糖菇素饲料添加剂的应用对延长肉的货架期，提供安全优质的
畜禽产品，扩大我国畜禽产品的出口以及进一步开发低胆固醇动物产品，保护人
类健康具有十分重要的意义。
Antibiotics resistance and its residue in animal production were affecting people health directly. It had become a public plan to eliminate antibiotics resistance. The study of substitution of antibiotics had become a hotspot in high technological domain.
This research studied the effects of saccharicterpenin and acetate lead on meat quality in Arbor Acres broilers. It discussed the mechanism of saccharioterpenin by measuring meat traits, serum, and various tissue biochemical parameters.
Three hundred sixty Arbor Acres commercial broilers were allotted to six treatment groups, each treatment with three replicates, each replication with twenty broilers. The broilers were kept on iron net and feeding trail dietary lasted forty- nine days. The groups received the same basal corn-bean diet ,supplemented with 500mg/kg saccharicterpenin(ST), 500mg/kg saccharicterpenin and lOmg/kg acetate lead(ST+Pb), 10mg/kg acetate lead and 40mg/kg viginiamycin (50%)and 200mg/kg diclazuril (1%) (Ab+Pb), 40mg/kg viginiamycin (50%)and 200mg/kg diclazuril (1%) (Ab), lOmg/kg acetate lead (Pb), and O(control) respectively. In the cause of trail, the broilers were allowed to ingest dietary and drink freely and also given light for twenty-four hours. The experimental diets were formulated according to broiler nutrients requirements proposed by NRC (1994) respectively. After feeding trail, eighteen chicks (half cocks and half hens) were picked out from the groups on the base of similar live weight and slaughtered in the light of general manners to determine meat quality. Breast muscles,
liver, kidney and serum samples were collected for laboratory analysis.
The results of meat quality analysis showed L*value of ST group broiler breast muscle was decreased by 8.02% (P<0.05) and 11.27%(P<0.05), a*value of ST group broiler chicks was improved by 58.02%(P<0.01) and 36.89%(P>0.05), b*value was decreased by 32.28% (P<0.01) and 23.06%(P>0.05) compared Ab and Control group respectively. The content of myoglobin (Mb) in ST group broiler breast muscle was increased by 15.98%(P<0.01) and 11.44%(P<0.05) compared to Ab and Control group, and the content of myoglobin in ST+Pb group broiler breast muscle was improved by 11.07%(P>0.05) and 11.57%(P>0.05) compared to Ab+Pb group and Pb group. The drip loss in ST group broiler breast muscle was reduced by 15.96%(P<0.05) and 29.51%(P<0.01) compared to Ab group and Control group. The pH value of ST group broiler breast muscle was improved by 4.53%(P<0.05) and 4.71%(P<0.05) compared to Ab group and Control group.
The cholesterol content hi ST group breast muscle was decreased by 26.39%(P<0.05) and 13.51%(P>0.05) compared to Ab group and Control group. The content of inosinic acid in ST group breast muscle was improved by 21.37% (P= 0. l)and 6.76%(P=0.58) compared to Ab group and Control group. Compared to Ab+Pb group and Pb group, the content of inosinic acid in ST+Pb group breast muscle was unproved by 39.87% and 33.75%(P<0.01).
Compared to Ab group and Control group, the content of maleic dialdehyde in ST group breast muscle was reduced by 17.01% and 32.10% (P<0.05), the content of glutathione peroxidase was improved by 52.92% and 103.83% (P<0.01). Compared to Ab+Pb group and Pb group, the content of maleic dialdehyde in ST+Pb group breast muscle was reduced byl2.59%(P = 0.51)and 14.49% (P = 0.45), the content of glutathione peroxidase was improved by 53.38% and 80.12% (P<0.01).
The content of heavy metal lead in ST group breast muscle was decreased by 16.19%(P>0.05) and 14.89%(P>0.05) and the content lead in liver, kidney and blood of ST group trended to be reduced (P>0.05) compared to Ab and Control group. The content of heavy metal lead in ST+Pb group breast muscle was decreased by
42.14%(P<0.05) and 42.03% (P<0.05) and its content in liver was also decreased by24.63%(P<0.05) and 24.16% (P<0.05) compared to Ab+Pb and Pb group respectively. The result of vitro test showed lOmg/kg saponins in saccharioterpenin and 10mg/kg acetate lead could take place complexing response at room tempe
引文
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