荆半夏不同品系综合性状的研究
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摘要
半夏Pinellia ternata(Thunb.)Breit.为天南星科半夏属植物,以块茎入药,具燥湿化痰,降逆止呕,消痞散结等多种功效,是一味常用的传统大宗中药材。湖北荆州、潜江等地出产的半夏以色白、质坚实、粉性足而被誉为上品,闻名海内外,称“荆半夏”,深受医药界青睐。本研究对湖北潜江的荆半夏不同品系进行了植物学形态性状变异的研究,在此基础上,对不同品系从生物学、生理学、抗逆性、产量和品质等方面进行综合比较研究。选择出了一个综合表现优良的荆半夏品系,为“荆半夏”新品种的选育提供依据。结果如下:
1荆半夏不同品系间的植物学形态变异现象极为丰富。通过主要形态性状的相关关系分析及主成分分析,叶形指数可以作为荆半夏不同品系的形态学分类依据。
2荆半夏全年有两个生长季节。各品系荆半夏在物候期上存在差异,XY和KY品系出苗时间较早且出苗整齐度较高,两者倒苗期也比较集中,在生产中利于统一管理。
3荆半夏不同品系的无性繁殖能力和产量呈显著正相关。以KY品系的繁殖能力最强,次之为XY品系,TY和GZ-TY较弱。
4在遮荫条件下,荆半夏不同品系的净光合速率Pn有明显下降,但同时增加了叶绿色素的含量和缓解了半夏的光合“午休“现象。在自然光照条件下,以KY品系的Pn最高,利用光能的能力较强。
5荆半夏TY品系生长期内干物质的积累和对氮、磷、钾的吸收规律都呈慢、快、慢的“S”曲线。TY品系全年内对氮、磷、钾的需要比例为N:P_2O_5:K_2O=1:0.63:0.87。
6在人工模拟的高温和干旱胁迫条件下,综合比较了荆半夏不同品系保护酶的活性、膜脂过氧化程度、叶片水份状况和伤害度等指标。结果表明,XY和KY品系具有较好的耐受高温和干旱的能力;在田间条件下,调查了天蛾类和块茎腐烂病的发生为害情况。以XY品系受害程度最轻,KY次之,TY和GZ-TY较重。
7产量试验表明,KY品系平均收获指数和折算的平均亩产最高,分别是8.58和651.07kg/667m~(-2),具有明显的丰产优势。XY品系次之,为7.21和599.84 kg/667m~(-2)。GZ-TY和TY均较低。而在总生物碱和鸟苷含量上,以XY品系含量最高,达0.0648%和0.0211%,具有显著的品质优势。
8通过对产量、品质和抗逆性三个指标进行综合加权打分评价后,荆半夏不同品系的综合得分存在着显著差异。以XY品系综合得分最高,达90.31,是综合性状表现最好类型。可以进行进一步的品种比较和生产试验,以认定和推广该综合表现优良的品种。
Pinellia ternata(Thunb.) Breit,a Chinese traditional materia medica,its tubers uesed as medicines,which has the effects of removing dampness,against emesis, removing mass and dispersing the accumulation of the formula,et al.The P.ternata originated in Jingzhou or Qianjiang city,Hubei province,named "Jing Banxia",which are cleanness,massiness,with enough granular powder that well-known at home and abroad. The article studied the morphological variations of different P.ternata strains from Hubei and Guizhou.Then comprehensive comparison of the several P.ternata strains in biology, physiology,stress-resistance,yield and quality has been made.We obtained a good strain of P.ternata,which provided basis for breeding new Jing Banxia cultvars.The conclusion as following:
1 Different strains of Jingzhou P.ternata has lots of morphological variations.The leaf shaps index can been used as the morphological classification foundation by analysis of correlation and principal component of morphological characters.
2 There was two growth cycle of Jingzhou P.ternata.And there was obvious difference in growth rhythm of different strains.The XY and KY strains has the early emerging time and better uniformity,the sprout tumble period also has better uniformity, which was favor of united production control.
3 Asexual reproductive ablity had significant positive correlation with yield.The KY strain has the best reproductive ablity and higher yield,the later was XY,the worst was TY and GZ-TY.
4 The Pn of different strains of P.ternata was decreased obviously under shading treatment,midday depression of photosynthesis was also remarkably improved.The KY strain has the better Pn and light energy utilization.
5 The rule of dry matter accumulation and NPK uptake by TY strain is S type cure. The N:P:K ratio was 1:0.63:0.87.
6 Comprehensive compared the protective enzyme activity,lipid peroxidation,leaf water status and damaged degree of different strains of P.ternata under artificial simulated high temperature and drought stress.The results showed that XY and KY has better stress resistance.We investigated the occurrence and damage status of striped back hawk moth and tuber rot disease in field,the XY was damaged slightly,the KY followed,the TY and GZ-TY was damaged seriously.
7 The potted and field yield experiments showed that KY strain has the highest harvest index(HI) and avarage per Mu yield(PMY),which was 8.58 and 651.07 kg/667m~(-2).The XY followed,was 7.21 and 599.84 kg/667m~(-2).The GZ-TY and TY has the lower HI and PMY.But in total alkaloid and guanosine content,the XY strain was the best,it reached 0.0648%and 0.0211%,which has ovbious quality advantages.
8 There was obvious difference in comprehensive score of different strains of P. ternata by marking method of yield,quality and stress resistance.The XY has the highest score,it was 90.31,which was the best strain.To determination and extension the XY strain,variety comparative and production test was needed.
1荆半夏不同品系间的植物学形态变异现象极为丰富。通过主要形态性状的相关关系分析及主成分分析,叶形指数可以作为荆半夏不同品系的形态学分类依据。
2荆半夏全年有两个生长季节。各品系荆半夏在物候期上存在差异,XY和KY品系出苗时间较早且出苗整齐度较高,两者倒苗期也比较集中,在生产中利于统一管理。
3荆半夏不同品系的无性繁殖能力和产量呈显著正相关。以KY品系的繁殖能力最强,次之为XY品系,TY和GZ-TY较弱。
4在遮荫条件下,荆半夏不同品系的净光合速率Pn有明显下降,但同时增加了叶绿色素的含量和缓解了半夏的光合“午休“现象。在自然光照条件下,以KY品系的Pn最高,利用光能的能力较强。
5荆半夏TY品系生长期内干物质的积累和对氮、磷、钾的吸收规律都呈慢、快、慢的“S”曲线。TY品系全年内对氮、磷、钾的需要比例为N:P_2O_5:K_2O=1:0.63:0.87。
6在人工模拟的高温和干旱胁迫条件下,综合比较了荆半夏不同品系保护酶的活性、膜脂过氧化程度、叶片水份状况和伤害度等指标。结果表明,XY和KY品系具有较好的耐受高温和干旱的能力;在田间条件下,调查了天蛾类和块茎腐烂病的发生为害情况。以XY品系受害程度最轻,KY次之,TY和GZ-TY较重。
7产量试验表明,KY品系平均收获指数和折算的平均亩产最高,分别是8.58和651.07kg/667m~(-2),具有明显的丰产优势。XY品系次之,为7.21和599.84 kg/667m~(-2)。GZ-TY和TY均较低。而在总生物碱和鸟苷含量上,以XY品系含量最高,达0.0648%和0.0211%,具有显著的品质优势。
8通过对产量、品质和抗逆性三个指标进行综合加权打分评价后,荆半夏不同品系的综合得分存在着显著差异。以XY品系综合得分最高,达90.31,是综合性状表现最好类型。可以进行进一步的品种比较和生产试验,以认定和推广该综合表现优良的品种。
Pinellia ternata(Thunb.) Breit,a Chinese traditional materia medica,its tubers uesed as medicines,which has the effects of removing dampness,against emesis, removing mass and dispersing the accumulation of the formula,et al.The P.ternata originated in Jingzhou or Qianjiang city,Hubei province,named "Jing Banxia",which are cleanness,massiness,with enough granular powder that well-known at home and abroad. The article studied the morphological variations of different P.ternata strains from Hubei and Guizhou.Then comprehensive comparison of the several P.ternata strains in biology, physiology,stress-resistance,yield and quality has been made.We obtained a good strain of P.ternata,which provided basis for breeding new Jing Banxia cultvars.The conclusion as following:
1 Different strains of Jingzhou P.ternata has lots of morphological variations.The leaf shaps index can been used as the morphological classification foundation by analysis of correlation and principal component of morphological characters.
2 There was two growth cycle of Jingzhou P.ternata.And there was obvious difference in growth rhythm of different strains.The XY and KY strains has the early emerging time and better uniformity,the sprout tumble period also has better uniformity, which was favor of united production control.
3 Asexual reproductive ablity had significant positive correlation with yield.The KY strain has the best reproductive ablity and higher yield,the later was XY,the worst was TY and GZ-TY.
4 The Pn of different strains of P.ternata was decreased obviously under shading treatment,midday depression of photosynthesis was also remarkably improved.The KY strain has the better Pn and light energy utilization.
5 The rule of dry matter accumulation and NPK uptake by TY strain is S type cure. The N:P:K ratio was 1:0.63:0.87.
6 Comprehensive compared the protective enzyme activity,lipid peroxidation,leaf water status and damaged degree of different strains of P.ternata under artificial simulated high temperature and drought stress.The results showed that XY and KY has better stress resistance.We investigated the occurrence and damage status of striped back hawk moth and tuber rot disease in field,the XY was damaged slightly,the KY followed,the TY and GZ-TY was damaged seriously.
7 The potted and field yield experiments showed that KY strain has the highest harvest index(HI) and avarage per Mu yield(PMY),which was 8.58 and 651.07 kg/667m~(-2).The XY followed,was 7.21 and 599.84 kg/667m~(-2).The GZ-TY and TY has the lower HI and PMY.But in total alkaloid and guanosine content,the XY strain was the best,it reached 0.0648%and 0.0211%,which has ovbious quality advantages.
8 There was obvious difference in comprehensive score of different strains of P. ternata by marking method of yield,quality and stress resistance.The XY has the highest score,it was 90.31,which was the best strain.To determination and extension the XY strain,variety comparative and production test was needed.
引文
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