活血及利水中药对大鼠脑出血后脑水肿干预作用的研究
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摘要
目的
     探讨活血、利水中药治疗脑出血后脑水肿的作用机制。
     方法
     1.采用自体股动脉血注入脑尾状核建立大鼠脑出血模型, SD雄性大鼠随机分为假手术组(36只)、模型组(36只)、活血组(36只)和利水组(36只),并设立造模后1d、3d、5d三个时间观察点;
     2.组织干湿重法计算脑含水量;
     3. HE染色观察血肿周围脑组织病理改变;
     4.免疫组织化学染色法、Western Blot和Real-time PCR法分别检测大鼠血肿周围脑组织AQP4和PAR-1蛋白和基因的表达;
     5.免疫组织化学染色法和Real-time PCR法分别检测大鼠血肿周围脑组织炎症因子NF-κB、TNF-α和IL-1β蛋白和基因的表达。
     结果
     1.与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠各时间点血肿周围脑组织含水量明显增加,AQP4、PAR-1、NF-κB、TNF-α和IL-1β蛋白及基因的表达明显增强(P<0.01);
     2.与模型组相比较,活血组和利水组各时间点血肿周围脑组织含水量明显下降,AQP4、PAR-1、TNF-α和IL-1β的表达均显著降低(P<0.05),活血组NF-κB表达明显低于模型组(P<0.05),利水组NF-κB表达与模型组比较无统计学意义(P>0.05);
     3.活血组和利水组之间相比较,血肿周围脑组织含水量、AQP4、PAR-1、NF-κB、TNF-α和IL-1β的表达均有统计学意义(P<0.05);
     4.模型组大鼠相关性分析显示,脑组织含水量与AQP4表达呈正相关,AQP4的表达与PAR-1的表达呈正相关,PAR-1的表达与炎性因子NF-κB、TNF-α和IL-1β的表达分别呈正相关;
     5.模型组大鼠血肿周围脑组织可见明显的病理改变,活血组、利水组血肿周围脑组织的病理变化得到改善。
     结论
     1.凝血酶—PAR-1——炎症反应途径可能是AQP4上游信号通路的一部分,凝血酶及其受体PAR-1可能通过其介导的炎症反应上调血肿周围组织AQP4的表达而参与脑出血后脑水肿的形成;
     2.活血、利水中药均能够减轻脑水肿,其作用机制可能是通过干预血肿周围脑组织中相关蛋白、细胞因子的表达实现的,但是,不同功效的中药其作用环节、作用靶点和作用强度不同。
Objective
     To investigate possible mechanism of Huoxue Herbs and Lishui Herbs on the changesof brain water content in intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) rats.
     Method
     1. SD rats were randomly divided into the following groups:the sham operatedgroup,model group,Huoxue group and Lishui group,36rats in each group.Each groupwas divided into three time phase point of1day,3days,5days again,12rats in each time.Experimental intracerebral hemorrhage rat model was established by injection autologousblood;
     2. The brain water content was determined by wet-dry weight;
     3. The pathological changes around perihematoma were observed by HE;
     4. The expression of AQP4and PAR-1were obvserved by immunohistochemitry、Western blot and real-time PCR at protein and mRNA levels respetively;
     5.The expression of NF-κB、 TNF-α and IL-1β were obvserved byimmunohistochemitry and real-time PCR at protein and mRNA levels respetively.
     Result
     1. Compared with the sham group, the expression of AQP4、PAR-1NF-κB、TNF-αand IL-1β increased significantly at protein and mRNA levels(P<0.01)in the model group,the brain water content showed the same result;
     2. Compared with the model group,the expression of AQP4、PAR-1、TNF-α andIL-1β decreased significantly at protein and mRNA levels (P<0.01)in Huoxue group andLishui group,the brain water content showed the same result;the expression of NF-κBdecreased obviously in Huoxue group,but have no difference in Lishui group;
     3. There were also significances in statistics on the brain water content and theexpression of AQP4、PAR-1、NF-κB、TNF-α and IL-1β between the Huoxue group andLishui group;
     4. In the model group, correlation analysis showed that there were positivecorrelations between the expression of AQP4and the water content, between theexpression of AQP4and PAR-1and between the expression of PAR-1and NF-κB、TNF-αand IL-1β respectivedly;
     5. Significant pathological changes were happened around perihematoma,while theywere improved in Huoxue group and Lishui group respectivedly.
     Conclusions
     1. The road of Thromb-PAR-1—inflammation reaction perhaps a part of upstreamsignaling pathways of AQP4;that is to say,probably through the inflammation reactionmediated by Thromb-PAR-1, the expression of AQP4around perihematoma wasupregulated,this resulted the edema of ICH;
     2. Huoxue Herbs and Lishui Herbs can decrease the edema of ICH,the probablelymechanism was that it could regulate the expression of related proteins and cytokinesaround perihematoma,but herbs of different functions have different effects,targets sandintensity.
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