高温环境下运动及补液对水、电解质和相关激素变化的研究
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摘要
研究目的：研究机体在高温环境下运动水、电解质和相关激素的变化特征,分析其影响因素和相互关系,并对补液作用进行研究。
研究方法：1.以雄性SD鼠为研究对象,适应性训练后在高温环境下运动。测定运动前后体重、体温,测定运动后血清Na+、K+,Posm、AVP、ALD、ANP浓度,取下丘脑测定AVPmRNA基因表达。2.以体育大学学生为研究对象,分别以常温补水、常温补液、高温补水、高温补液4种方式,以60%V02max强度蹬车30min,测定运动前后体重、体温,运动前后收集静脉血,测定血常规、血清Na+、K+,Posm、AVP、ALD、ANP浓度以及△PV,运动前后收集尿液测定Uosm。
研究结果：1.在动物实验中,大鼠高温暴露、运动、高温补水、补液组运动后体重下降显著。高温暴露后Na+／K+的升高以及K+、ANP的降低显著；高温运动后Posm、Na+、Na+／K+、AVP的升高以及ANP的降低显著；高温补水、补液组指标的变化未见显著性。高温暴露、运动、补水、补液实验组大鼠下丘脑AVPmRNA基因表达上调,高温暴露和运动组大鼠AVPmRNA基因表达的上调具有显著性。2.在人体实验中,与运动前相比,常温补水组体重、Na+／K+的降低以及K+、AVP的升高显著,△PV为-1.17%；常温补液组Uosm、Na+／K+的降低显著,△PV为-0.099%；高温补水组体重、Na+／K+的降低以及Posm、K+的升高显著,△PV为-2.69%；高温补液组体重、Uosm、Na+／K+的降低以及K+的升高显著,△PV为-1.71%。其余指标的改变未见显著性。
研究结论：1.高温环境下补水和补液能够有效地减少体重的丢失,维持体液平衡。高温环境下运动造成机体血清离子浓度和渗透压的改变,体液调节激素的分泌及调节发生改变,在高温环境下运动补液组的调节作用优于补水组。2.高温环境下运动大鼠下丘脑AVPmRNA基因表达上调,下丘脑AVPmRNA基因表达的上调变化与血清AVP激素的浓度是平行一致的。3.常温、高温环境下运动对体液调节激素产生影响。常温环境下AVP、ALD和ANP增高。高温环境下AVP、ALD增高,ANP降低,ANP的降低符合了机体适应高温环境的需要。AVP、ALD和ANP在常温和高温环境下运动的不同变化特征对于维持体液平衡起到重要作用。
Purpose:The purpose of this study was to acquaint the changing characteristics of water, electrolyte and related hormones during exercise under a high temperature environment The relationship between these elements and the effect of hydration were also analyzed.
Method:Part1:Subjects are male SD rats. After adaptive trained, these subjects exercised under a high temperature environment. The weight and temperature were measured before and after the exercise. The blood and hypothalamus of rats were collected after the exercise. The concentration of serum Na+, K+, serum AVP, ANP and ALD of blood were mensurated. The gene expression of AVPmRNA of hypothalamus was detected.
Part2:Subjects are college students who are major in physical education. These subjects exercised under four mode, which are water supply and liquid supply in the normal temperature environment and under a high temperature environment. Each trial consisted of a cycling at 60%V02max for 30 minutes on a bicycle ergometer. The weight and temperature were measured before and after the exercise. The venous blood was collected before and after the exercise. The concentration of serum Na+, K+, Posm, AVP, ANP and ALD of blood were mensurated. The urine was collected before and after the exercise to determine the concentration of Usom.
Result:Part1:For the zoological exerperiment:The weight losed obviously after the exercise in group exposure under a high temperature environment, the same as in group exercise with water supply under a high temperature environment and group exercise with beverage supply under a high temperature environment. The concentration of Na+/K+increased obviously and the concentration of K+and ANP decreased obviously in group exposure under a high temperature environment. The concentration of Posm、Na+、Na+/K+and AVP increased obviously and the concentration of ANP decreased obviously in group exercise under a high temperature environment. Other indexes were not changed significantly in group exercise with water supply under a high temperature environment and in group exercise with beverage supply under a high temperature environment. The gene expression of AVPmRNA of hypothalamus increased in group exposure under a high temperature environment, the same as in group exercise with water supply under a high temperature environmentt and group exercise with beverage supply under a high temperature environment. The gene expression of AVPmRNA of hypothalamus increased significantly in group exposure under a high temperature environment and the group exercise under a high temperature environment
Part2. For the people exerperiment:Compare to the before exercise, the weight and Na+/K+declined significantly in group normal environment with water supply after the exercise. At the same time, the concentration of serum K+and AVP increased significantly in group normal environment with water supply.ΔPV cut down to-1.17%; The concentration of Uosm and Na+/K+declined significantly in group normal environment with beverage.ΔPV cut down to-0.099%; The weight and Na+/K+ declined significantly in group under a high temperature environment with water supply. The concentration of serum Posm and K+increased significantly in group under a high temperature environment with water supply.ΔPV cut down to-2.69%; The weight、Na+/K+and the concentration of Uosm declined significantly in group under a high temperature environment with beverage supply. At the same time, the concentration of serum K+increased significantly in group under a high temperature environment with beverage supply.ΔPV cut down to-1.71%.
Conclusion:1. It could be availabile to cut down the quantity of weight loss and to keep humoral balance with the water and beverage supply under a high temperature environment. The concentration of serum hydronium and osmosis changed after exercise under a high temperature environment. The secretion and adjustment of humoral hormone changed after exercise under a high temperature environment. The group with beverage supply have better effect than the group with water supply.
2. The gene expression of AVPmRNA of hypothalamus was increased in rats exercised under a high temperature environment, which is related conformably to the concentration of AVP in serum.3. Humoral adjustment hormone affected by the exercise in the normal temperature environment and under a high temperature environment. The concentration of AVP、 ALD increased under the above two conditions, whereas ANP increased in the normal and decreased under a high temperature environment. This could explain part of the mechanism of the body adapted to the heat environment. It has great important effect to keep the humoral balance for the different characteristics of changing of the concentration of AVP、ALD and ANP in serum.
研究方法：1.以雄性SD鼠为研究对象,适应性训练后在高温环境下运动。测定运动前后体重、体温,测定运动后血清Na+、K+,Posm、AVP、ALD、ANP浓度,取下丘脑测定AVPmRNA基因表达。2.以体育大学学生为研究对象,分别以常温补水、常温补液、高温补水、高温补液4种方式,以60%V02max强度蹬车30min,测定运动前后体重、体温,运动前后收集静脉血,测定血常规、血清Na+、K+,Posm、AVP、ALD、ANP浓度以及△PV,运动前后收集尿液测定Uosm。
研究结果：1.在动物实验中,大鼠高温暴露、运动、高温补水、补液组运动后体重下降显著。高温暴露后Na+／K+的升高以及K+、ANP的降低显著；高温运动后Posm、Na+、Na+／K+、AVP的升高以及ANP的降低显著；高温补水、补液组指标的变化未见显著性。高温暴露、运动、补水、补液实验组大鼠下丘脑AVPmRNA基因表达上调,高温暴露和运动组大鼠AVPmRNA基因表达的上调具有显著性。2.在人体实验中,与运动前相比,常温补水组体重、Na+／K+的降低以及K+、AVP的升高显著,△PV为-1.17%；常温补液组Uosm、Na+／K+的降低显著,△PV为-0.099%；高温补水组体重、Na+／K+的降低以及Posm、K+的升高显著,△PV为-2.69%；高温补液组体重、Uosm、Na+／K+的降低以及K+的升高显著,△PV为-1.71%。其余指标的改变未见显著性。
研究结论：1.高温环境下补水和补液能够有效地减少体重的丢失,维持体液平衡。高温环境下运动造成机体血清离子浓度和渗透压的改变,体液调节激素的分泌及调节发生改变,在高温环境下运动补液组的调节作用优于补水组。2.高温环境下运动大鼠下丘脑AVPmRNA基因表达上调,下丘脑AVPmRNA基因表达的上调变化与血清AVP激素的浓度是平行一致的。3.常温、高温环境下运动对体液调节激素产生影响。常温环境下AVP、ALD和ANP增高。高温环境下AVP、ALD增高,ANP降低,ANP的降低符合了机体适应高温环境的需要。AVP、ALD和ANP在常温和高温环境下运动的不同变化特征对于维持体液平衡起到重要作用。
Purpose:The purpose of this study was to acquaint the changing characteristics of water, electrolyte and related hormones during exercise under a high temperature environment The relationship between these elements and the effect of hydration were also analyzed.
Method:Part1:Subjects are male SD rats. After adaptive trained, these subjects exercised under a high temperature environment. The weight and temperature were measured before and after the exercise. The blood and hypothalamus of rats were collected after the exercise. The concentration of serum Na+, K+, serum AVP, ANP and ALD of blood were mensurated. The gene expression of AVPmRNA of hypothalamus was detected.
Part2:Subjects are college students who are major in physical education. These subjects exercised under four mode, which are water supply and liquid supply in the normal temperature environment and under a high temperature environment. Each trial consisted of a cycling at 60%V02max for 30 minutes on a bicycle ergometer. The weight and temperature were measured before and after the exercise. The venous blood was collected before and after the exercise. The concentration of serum Na+, K+, Posm, AVP, ANP and ALD of blood were mensurated. The urine was collected before and after the exercise to determine the concentration of Usom.
Result:Part1:For the zoological exerperiment:The weight losed obviously after the exercise in group exposure under a high temperature environment, the same as in group exercise with water supply under a high temperature environment and group exercise with beverage supply under a high temperature environment. The concentration of Na+/K+increased obviously and the concentration of K+and ANP decreased obviously in group exposure under a high temperature environment. The concentration of Posm、Na+、Na+/K+and AVP increased obviously and the concentration of ANP decreased obviously in group exercise under a high temperature environment. Other indexes were not changed significantly in group exercise with water supply under a high temperature environment and in group exercise with beverage supply under a high temperature environment. The gene expression of AVPmRNA of hypothalamus increased in group exposure under a high temperature environment, the same as in group exercise with water supply under a high temperature environmentt and group exercise with beverage supply under a high temperature environment. The gene expression of AVPmRNA of hypothalamus increased significantly in group exposure under a high temperature environment and the group exercise under a high temperature environment
Part2. For the people exerperiment:Compare to the before exercise, the weight and Na+/K+declined significantly in group normal environment with water supply after the exercise. At the same time, the concentration of serum K+and AVP increased significantly in group normal environment with water supply.ΔPV cut down to-1.17%; The concentration of Uosm and Na+/K+declined significantly in group normal environment with beverage.ΔPV cut down to-0.099%; The weight and Na+/K+ declined significantly in group under a high temperature environment with water supply. The concentration of serum Posm and K+increased significantly in group under a high temperature environment with water supply.ΔPV cut down to-2.69%; The weight、Na+/K+and the concentration of Uosm declined significantly in group under a high temperature environment with beverage supply. At the same time, the concentration of serum K+increased significantly in group under a high temperature environment with beverage supply.ΔPV cut down to-1.71%.
Conclusion:1. It could be availabile to cut down the quantity of weight loss and to keep humoral balance with the water and beverage supply under a high temperature environment. The concentration of serum hydronium and osmosis changed after exercise under a high temperature environment. The secretion and adjustment of humoral hormone changed after exercise under a high temperature environment. The group with beverage supply have better effect than the group with water supply.
2. The gene expression of AVPmRNA of hypothalamus was increased in rats exercised under a high temperature environment, which is related conformably to the concentration of AVP in serum.3. Humoral adjustment hormone affected by the exercise in the normal temperature environment and under a high temperature environment. The concentration of AVP、 ALD increased under the above two conditions, whereas ANP increased in the normal and decreased under a high temperature environment. This could explain part of the mechanism of the body adapted to the heat environment. It has great important effect to keep the humoral balance for the different characteristics of changing of the concentration of AVP、ALD and ANP in serum.
引文
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