IFF信号的分析与识别研究
摘要
敌我识别(IFF)信号是飞行器与地面站之间进行身份识别和信息交换的信号。在现代战争中,敌我识别信号可以作为获取敌方军事情报的重要来源;在民用机场的空中管制,在和平时期的国与国对峙、局部突发事件中,都会面临大量的IFF信号分析与识别的问题。
本文以敌我识别系统工作时的信号为研究重点,首先简要介绍了三种模式的敌我识别系统,分析了一次雷达与二次雷达的区别,阐述了二次雷达敌我识别系统的结构、原理及单脉冲等关键技术。在此基础上,对IFF信号时域有意义的特征如脉冲宽度、脉冲高度、脉冲间隔、信号长度进行了分析,在频域方面用快速傅里叶变换与韦尔奇谱估计方法对信号的频谱与功率谱信息进行了提取与比较。本文给出了对IFF信号处理与识别的详细方案,将待测信号通过中频采样正交接收机,比较了基于频率中心法与经相位修正的DFT测频法对载频测定优劣,将分为I、Q两路的信号进行求模和相位计算,得出信号包络和瞬时相位。模式识别程序对信号进行单脉冲特征的提取,对不具备脉冲特征的信号优先做出排除,并根据不同信号的脉内特征进行模式识别,本文对识别部分的特征提取与识别过程给出了详细的处理流程图。
在时频域分析信号时本文做了大量的仿真实验,同时提出的信号处理和模式识别的方法在实验中也均有验证。本文对不同的信噪比下的识别情况进行了蒙特卡罗仿真,实验结果表明,本文提出的信号处理及识别方法能够有效识别IFF信号。本文在最后介绍了用MATLAB的GUI组件制作的IFF信号分析与识别的演示系统,用于辅助信号的分析与识别。
IFF signals are the type of signals to exchange message and military recognition, which are used between aerostat and the station on earth. In time of war, they are the most important resources to get the information of enemy. Besides, IFF signals are applied to many other domains. For examples, we can use IFF signals on Air Traffic Control, on confronting each other between states at peacetime, and so on.
The emphasis of this thesis was based on the signals of IFF systems at different mode. At the beginning of the thesis, three kind of IFF systems were introduced. Then, the thesis analyzed similarities and differences of primary radar systems and the secondary radar systems; also the working principle structure and the key technique such as mono-pulse of the SSR were expatiated. When one SSR system works, the working manner of enquiry and responding is distinguished. On the basis of these conceptions, the thesis studied the minute features of IFF signals on time domain, such as length and height of the pulse, pulse envelop of the signal, and time slot between the pulses. The minute features of frequency domain were also compared and distilled with Power Spectral Density estimate. At the thesis, an effect method of processing and identifying IFF signals was presented. One character of IFF signals is mono-pulse, so if one signal does not have this character, the signal could be removed from the queue of the IFF signals first. At the end, the signals with the mono-pulse character could be identified by other minute features of time frequency domain. The idiographic flow chart of processing and identifying IFF signals were presented at the thesis.
There were lots of experiment for analyzing signals both in time domain and frequency domain, and the methods raised in the thesis for processing and identifying was also used in tests. The Monte Carlo simulation of detecting rate of correctly identified at different SNR is very important, because the methods for processing and identifying IFF signals were validated. At the end of the thesis, an assistant demo system made by the GUI was introduced to study and analyze IFF signals.
本文以敌我识别系统工作时的信号为研究重点,首先简要介绍了三种模式的敌我识别系统,分析了一次雷达与二次雷达的区别,阐述了二次雷达敌我识别系统的结构、原理及单脉冲等关键技术。在此基础上,对IFF信号时域有意义的特征如脉冲宽度、脉冲高度、脉冲间隔、信号长度进行了分析,在频域方面用快速傅里叶变换与韦尔奇谱估计方法对信号的频谱与功率谱信息进行了提取与比较。本文给出了对IFF信号处理与识别的详细方案,将待测信号通过中频采样正交接收机,比较了基于频率中心法与经相位修正的DFT测频法对载频测定优劣,将分为I、Q两路的信号进行求模和相位计算,得出信号包络和瞬时相位。模式识别程序对信号进行单脉冲特征的提取,对不具备脉冲特征的信号优先做出排除,并根据不同信号的脉内特征进行模式识别,本文对识别部分的特征提取与识别过程给出了详细的处理流程图。
在时频域分析信号时本文做了大量的仿真实验,同时提出的信号处理和模式识别的方法在实验中也均有验证。本文对不同的信噪比下的识别情况进行了蒙特卡罗仿真,实验结果表明,本文提出的信号处理及识别方法能够有效识别IFF信号。本文在最后介绍了用MATLAB的GUI组件制作的IFF信号分析与识别的演示系统,用于辅助信号的分析与识别。
IFF signals are the type of signals to exchange message and military recognition, which are used between aerostat and the station on earth. In time of war, they are the most important resources to get the information of enemy. Besides, IFF signals are applied to many other domains. For examples, we can use IFF signals on Air Traffic Control, on confronting each other between states at peacetime, and so on.
The emphasis of this thesis was based on the signals of IFF systems at different mode. At the beginning of the thesis, three kind of IFF systems were introduced. Then, the thesis analyzed similarities and differences of primary radar systems and the secondary radar systems; also the working principle structure and the key technique such as mono-pulse of the SSR were expatiated. When one SSR system works, the working manner of enquiry and responding is distinguished. On the basis of these conceptions, the thesis studied the minute features of IFF signals on time domain, such as length and height of the pulse, pulse envelop of the signal, and time slot between the pulses. The minute features of frequency domain were also compared and distilled with Power Spectral Density estimate. At the thesis, an effect method of processing and identifying IFF signals was presented. One character of IFF signals is mono-pulse, so if one signal does not have this character, the signal could be removed from the queue of the IFF signals first. At the end, the signals with the mono-pulse character could be identified by other minute features of time frequency domain. The idiographic flow chart of processing and identifying IFF signals were presented at the thesis.
There were lots of experiment for analyzing signals both in time domain and frequency domain, and the methods raised in the thesis for processing and identifying was also used in tests. The Monte Carlo simulation of detecting rate of correctly identified at different SNR is very important, because the methods for processing and identifying IFF signals were validated. At the end of the thesis, an assistant demo system made by the GUI was introduced to study and analyze IFF signals.
引文
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[3]蒋庆全.敌我识别系统浅析[J].武器装备自动化.2002.5.
[4]闻鑫.MK ⅩⅡ敌我识别系统及其对抗[J].舰船电子对抗.2006.10.
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[7]钟睿,毛士艺,张永鹏,刘祥.基于DSP-FPGA的二次雷达信号处理机的实现[J].系统工程与电子技术.2002.12.
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[9]兰鹏.S模式与军用敌我识别[J].电讯技术.2006.3.
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[11]胡广书.现代信号处理教程[M].清华大学出版社.2004.
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[14]Datasheet.Mode-S Programme.Europe:European Organisation for the Satefy of Air navigation.2003.
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[16]山秀明.航管二次雷达[M].国防工业出版社.1983.12-16.
[17]罗鹏飞,张文明.随机信号分析与处理[M].清华大学出版社.2006.157-164.
[18]《二次雷达概述》四机部一所.
[19]《空中交通管制系统雷达邻村综述》国外电子技术.
[20]宣树达,黄建冲.基于自相关技术的脉压雷达信号检测[J].舰船电子工程.2005.5.
[21]R.A.Boyles and W.A.Gardner,Cycloergodic properties of discrete-parameter nonstationary stochastic processes.IEEE Trans Inform Theory.1983.1.Vol.IT-29,105-114.
[22]赵国庆.雷达对抗原理[M].西安电子科技大学出版社.1999.105-110信号脉内调制的分析.
[23]郑君里,应启珩,杨为理.信号与系统[M].高等教育出版社.1999.52-142.
[24]陈亚勇.MATLAB信号处理详解[M].人民邮电出版社.2001.187-201.
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[28]张志涌.精通MATLAB6.5版[M].北京航空航天大学出版社.2003.217-315.
[29]刘树棠.现代通信系统—使用MATLAB[M].西安交通大学出版社.时间.263-273.载波调制的数字传输.
[30]刘渝.快速高精度正弦波频率估计综合算法[J].电子学报.1999.6.
[31]Antoniou,Andreas.Digital Filters.McGraw Hill.Inc.1993.221-224.
[32]齐国清,贾欣乐.基于DFT相位的正弦波频率和初相的高精度估计方法[J].电子学报.2001.9.
[33]胡新宇.单脉冲二次雷达译码器的DSP算法实现[D].电子科技大学.2005.
[34]解文斌.脉冲信号的特征分析和辐射源识别研究[D].国防科学技术大学.2003.
[35]Meyer-Baese,Uwe."Hogenauer CIC Filters" in Digital Signal Processing with Field Programmable Gate Arrays.Springer.2001.155-172.
[36]孙屹.通信仿真开发手册[M].国防工业出版社.2004.P234-256.
[37]徐慧.基于TMS320C6416的S模式二次雷达应答信号处理系统[D].电子科技大学.2005.
[38]薛丽惠.基于STAGE的二次雷达系统仿真技术研究[D].西安交通大学.2005.8-14.
[39]Rabiner.L.R.and B.Gold.Theory and Application of Digital Signal Processing.Englewood ClIFFs.NJ:Prentice-Hall.1975.227-230.
[40]黄文梅,熊桂林,杨勇.信号分析与处理—MATLAB语言及应用[M].国防科技大学出版社.2000.234-238.
[41]程乾生.信号数字处理的数学原理[M].石油工业出版社.1996.721-756.
[42]李显宏.MATLAB7.X界面设计与编译技巧[M].电子工业出版社.2006.203-280.
[43]陈桂明,张明照,戚红雨.应用MATLAB语言处理数字信号与数字图像[M].科学出版社.2000.130-152.
[44]郝金光,冯宇,邱相艳.HogenauerCIC滤波器的算法研究及FPGA设计实现[J].电子元器件应用.2006.7.
[2]何华武.新型协同式敌我识别系统技术研究[J].电讯技术.2002.5.
[3]蒋庆全.敌我识别系统浅析[J].武器装备自动化.2002.5.
[4]闻鑫.MK ⅩⅡ敌我识别系统及其对抗[J].舰船电子对抗.2006.10.
[5]强勇,张冠杰,谷月东.目标识别技术及其在现代战争中的应用[J].火控雷达技术.2005.9.
[6]幺立蓉,杨万海.敌我识别系统的现状及发展[J].火控雷达技术.2004.6.
[7]钟睿,毛士艺,张永鹏,刘祥.基于DSP-FPGA的二次雷达信号处理机的实现[J].系统工程与电子技术.2002.12.
[8]修小林,时宏伟,王越.对雷达敌我识别系统中若干问题的研究[J].电讯技术.2002.2.
[9]兰鹏.S模式与军用敌我识别[J].电讯技术.2006.3.
[10]陆根源,陈孝桢.信号检测与参数估计[M].科学出版社.2004.
[11]胡广书.现代信号处理教程[M].清华大学出版社.2004.
[12]简涛,何勇.小波变换在雷达信号检测中的应用[J].海军航空工程大院学报.2006.1.
[13]丁鹭飞,耿富录.雷达原理[M].西北电讯工程学院出版社.1995.4.128-160.
[14]Datasheet.Mode-S Programme.Europe:European Organisation for the Satefy of Air navigation.2003.
[15]宋虎,陈建军.一种新的高效数字下变频方法及其FPGA实现[J].雷达与对抗,2006.2.
[16]山秀明.航管二次雷达[M].国防工业出版社.1983.12-16.
[17]罗鹏飞,张文明.随机信号分析与处理[M].清华大学出版社.2006.157-164.
[18]《二次雷达概述》四机部一所.
[19]《空中交通管制系统雷达邻村综述》国外电子技术.
[20]宣树达,黄建冲.基于自相关技术的脉压雷达信号检测[J].舰船电子工程.2005.5.
[21]R.A.Boyles and W.A.Gardner,Cycloergodic properties of discrete-parameter nonstationary stochastic processes.IEEE Trans Inform Theory.1983.1.Vol.IT-29,105-114.
[22]赵国庆.雷达对抗原理[M].西安电子科技大学出版社.1999.105-110信号脉内调制的分析.
[23]郑君里,应启珩,杨为理.信号与系统[M].高等教育出版社.1999.52-142.
[24]陈亚勇.MATLAB信号处理详解[M].人民邮电出版社.2001.187-201.
[25]Oppenheim.A.V.and R.W.Schafer Discrete-Time Signal Processing.Prentice-Hall.1989.611-613.
[26]Selected Papers in Digital Signal Processing Ⅱ.IEEE Press.New York.1975.
[27]樊昌信,张甫翊.通信原理.国防工业出版社[M].2006.129-134.正弦波数字调制系统.
[28]张志涌.精通MATLAB6.5版[M].北京航空航天大学出版社.2003.217-315.
[29]刘树棠.现代通信系统—使用MATLAB[M].西安交通大学出版社.时间.263-273.载波调制的数字传输.
[30]刘渝.快速高精度正弦波频率估计综合算法[J].电子学报.1999.6.
[31]Antoniou,Andreas.Digital Filters.McGraw Hill.Inc.1993.221-224.
[32]齐国清,贾欣乐.基于DFT相位的正弦波频率和初相的高精度估计方法[J].电子学报.2001.9.
[33]胡新宇.单脉冲二次雷达译码器的DSP算法实现[D].电子科技大学.2005.
[34]解文斌.脉冲信号的特征分析和辐射源识别研究[D].国防科学技术大学.2003.
[35]Meyer-Baese,Uwe."Hogenauer CIC Filters" in Digital Signal Processing with Field Programmable Gate Arrays.Springer.2001.155-172.
[36]孙屹.通信仿真开发手册[M].国防工业出版社.2004.P234-256.
[37]徐慧.基于TMS320C6416的S模式二次雷达应答信号处理系统[D].电子科技大学.2005.
[38]薛丽惠.基于STAGE的二次雷达系统仿真技术研究[D].西安交通大学.2005.8-14.
[39]Rabiner.L.R.and B.Gold.Theory and Application of Digital Signal Processing.Englewood ClIFFs.NJ:Prentice-Hall.1975.227-230.
[40]黄文梅,熊桂林,杨勇.信号分析与处理—MATLAB语言及应用[M].国防科技大学出版社.2000.234-238.
[41]程乾生.信号数字处理的数学原理[M].石油工业出版社.1996.721-756.
[42]李显宏.MATLAB7.X界面设计与编译技巧[M].电子工业出版社.2006.203-280.
[43]陈桂明,张明照,戚红雨.应用MATLAB语言处理数字信号与数字图像[M].科学出版社.2000.130-152.
[44]郝金光,冯宇,邱相艳.HogenauerCIC滤波器的算法研究及FPGA设计实现[J].电子元器件应用.2006.7.