松软煤层中风压空气钻进供风参数研究及除尘装置研制
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摘要
瓦斯事故是我国煤矿生产中最严重的灾害之一,钻孔抽采是瓦斯治理的有效方法。松软煤层成孔困难、渗透性差,在我国所采煤层中占有很大比例,在这样的煤层中钻进成为亟需解决的难题。
利用矿井工作压风为风源的空气钻进在松软煤层钻进中取得一定的效果,但由于供风流量不稳定、压力低,经常造成卡钻事故,制约着钻孔深度的提高,因此供风流量和供风压力就成为空气钻进中的关键参数。本文利用气固两相流理论,结合地面模拟实验研究,对空气钻进过程中供风流量和供风压力的变化规律进行探讨,得出使用井下移动空压机形成独立供风系统,利用中风压空气钻进是解决松软煤层钻孔难题的有效途径。
中风压空气钻进排渣量大,返出的含尘气体流速高,给除尘带来极大困难,现有简易除尘装置除尘效果差,残留的粉尘为矿井安全埋下隐患。本文采用计算流体动力学软件对旋风除尘器进行了数值模拟,深入研究了旋风除尘器的内部流场和颗粒运动轨迹。并结合中风压空气钻进的特点,利用惯性、水浴、文丘里三种除尘原理,研制出三级无动力孔口除尘装置。利用强力钻机、井下防爆移动空压机、大通孔中风压密封钻杆及三翼刮刀钻头,在淮北矿业集团祈南煤矿34下3采区进行了现场试验,在f系数为0.5～0.8的松软突出煤层中完成进尺2171m;现场检测,除尘装置的除尘效率达到93%。
通过对中风压空气钻进供风参数的研究,得出了试验点供风参数选择的经验公式。合理的设备配套对松软煤层钻进具有指导作用。
Gas accident is one of the most serious disasters in coalmine production. Gas drainage after hole drilling is an effective method to keep away this accident. Soft coalbed with defects of difficult porosity and low permeability occupies a great proportion of coalbed extracted in our country. Drilling in coalbed with these two defects has been a burning problem.
Some effects have been obtained after compressed air entry by taking mining compressed air as the air supply. However, since the air flow supply is instable and low in pressure, this often leads to frequent jamming of the drilling tool and restrains the increase of drilling depth. Hence, the air supply flow and pressure become the key factors for air drilling. The paper explores change rule of the air suppy flow and pressure in the course of air drilling by using the gas-solid two-phase flow theory and combining the ground simulation experiment research, and we get an effective method to solve the difficult drilling problem of the soft coalbed by forming an independent air supply system with the movable underground air compressor and by using a moderate pressure compressed air drilling.
The moderate pressure air drilling is accompanied by large slag-off drainage and high flow rate of returning dusty air, which brings great difficulty in dust collection. Bad effects of the current simple dust collector hide a danger for mine safety considering existing dust residue. This paper simulates digitally the cyclone dust collector via computional fluid dynamics software and further studys the internal flow field and particle movement traces. In addition, 3-stage powerless dust collector is developed by combing 3 principles of inertial, wet and venturi dust collection in combination with moderate air pressure drilling. The field test is executed in Qi'nan Coalmine of Huaibei Mining (Group) Co. Ltd., using consolidated rig, underground explosion-proof portable air compressor, moderate air pressure large hole sealing drill pipe and three-way bit. 2171m drilling footage is completed in weak outburst coalbed with drillability coefficient ranging from 0.5 to 0.8. According to the field test, efficiency of the dust collecor reaches 93%.
An empirical formula for parameter selection is derived from studying air supply parameters of moderate pressure air drilling. Proper equipment matching can be taken for guidance in drilling in soft coalbed.
利用矿井工作压风为风源的空气钻进在松软煤层钻进中取得一定的效果,但由于供风流量不稳定、压力低,经常造成卡钻事故,制约着钻孔深度的提高,因此供风流量和供风压力就成为空气钻进中的关键参数。本文利用气固两相流理论,结合地面模拟实验研究,对空气钻进过程中供风流量和供风压力的变化规律进行探讨,得出使用井下移动空压机形成独立供风系统,利用中风压空气钻进是解决松软煤层钻孔难题的有效途径。
中风压空气钻进排渣量大,返出的含尘气体流速高,给除尘带来极大困难,现有简易除尘装置除尘效果差,残留的粉尘为矿井安全埋下隐患。本文采用计算流体动力学软件对旋风除尘器进行了数值模拟,深入研究了旋风除尘器的内部流场和颗粒运动轨迹。并结合中风压空气钻进的特点,利用惯性、水浴、文丘里三种除尘原理,研制出三级无动力孔口除尘装置。利用强力钻机、井下防爆移动空压机、大通孔中风压密封钻杆及三翼刮刀钻头,在淮北矿业集团祈南煤矿34下3采区进行了现场试验,在f系数为0.5～0.8的松软突出煤层中完成进尺2171m;现场检测,除尘装置的除尘效率达到93%。
通过对中风压空气钻进供风参数的研究,得出了试验点供风参数选择的经验公式。合理的设备配套对松软煤层钻进具有指导作用。
Gas accident is one of the most serious disasters in coalmine production. Gas drainage after hole drilling is an effective method to keep away this accident. Soft coalbed with defects of difficult porosity and low permeability occupies a great proportion of coalbed extracted in our country. Drilling in coalbed with these two defects has been a burning problem.
Some effects have been obtained after compressed air entry by taking mining compressed air as the air supply. However, since the air flow supply is instable and low in pressure, this often leads to frequent jamming of the drilling tool and restrains the increase of drilling depth. Hence, the air supply flow and pressure become the key factors for air drilling. The paper explores change rule of the air suppy flow and pressure in the course of air drilling by using the gas-solid two-phase flow theory and combining the ground simulation experiment research, and we get an effective method to solve the difficult drilling problem of the soft coalbed by forming an independent air supply system with the movable underground air compressor and by using a moderate pressure compressed air drilling.
The moderate pressure air drilling is accompanied by large slag-off drainage and high flow rate of returning dusty air, which brings great difficulty in dust collection. Bad effects of the current simple dust collector hide a danger for mine safety considering existing dust residue. This paper simulates digitally the cyclone dust collector via computional fluid dynamics software and further studys the internal flow field and particle movement traces. In addition, 3-stage powerless dust collector is developed by combing 3 principles of inertial, wet and venturi dust collection in combination with moderate air pressure drilling. The field test is executed in Qi'nan Coalmine of Huaibei Mining (Group) Co. Ltd., using consolidated rig, underground explosion-proof portable air compressor, moderate air pressure large hole sealing drill pipe and three-way bit. 2171m drilling footage is completed in weak outburst coalbed with drillability coefficient ranging from 0.5 to 0.8. According to the field test, efficiency of the dust collecor reaches 93%.
An empirical formula for parameter selection is derived from studying air supply parameters of moderate pressure air drilling. Proper equipment matching can be taken for guidance in drilling in soft coalbed.
引文
[1]石智军,胡少韵,姚宁平等.煤矿井下瓦斯抽采(放)钻孔施工新技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2008.
[2]王省身.矿井灾害防治理论与技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1997.
[3]吴刚 董加梅 赵建华.采煤工作面瓦斯治理技术研究[J].煤炭技术,2008,27(6).
[4]推进煤矿瓦斯治理与开发利用.http://www.sdpc.gov.cn/mtbd/t20061122_94588.htm,2006(11).
[5]袁亮.松软低透煤层群瓦斯抽采理论与技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2004.
[6]国家安全生产监督管理总局交流合作中心.第一届中国国际煤矿瓦斯防治与利用大会论文集[C],北京:煤炭工业出版社,2005.
[7]周德昶,焦先军.地面钻井抽采瓦斯技术的发展方向[J].矿业安全与环保,2006,33(6).
[8]孙东玲.矿区的井下煤层气超前开发技术研究[硕士学位论文][D].重庆:重庆大学,2005.
[9]中国煤矿瓦斯抽放技术.http://www.in-en.com/coal/technology/safety/2007/O6/INEN_106598_2.html,2007(1 ).
[10]我国煤矿井下瓦斯钻机存在的主要问题.http://www.sdpc.gov.cn/gjscy/cyjs/t20060918_84806.htm,2006(9).
[11]韩广德.中国煤炭工业钻探工程学[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2000.
[12]王传里.新型螺旋滚筒装煤性能的理论研究[J].煤矿机械,2001(2):64-68.
[13]李泉新.松软突出煤层瓦斯抽放钻孔成孔技术与配套钻具的研究[硕士学位论文][D].北京:煤炭科学研究总院,2007.
[14]俞启香.矿井瓦斯防治[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1993.
[15]江苏大学,淮北矿业集团.钻孔口水力吸尘和钻场二次旋流水气射流通风技术研究[R].2008.
[16]李世忠.钻探工艺学(下册)[M].北京:地质出版社,1992.
[17]杨华,谢一伦.气力输送工程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006:107-116.
[18]唐永志,王子龙.松软高突煤层顺层钻孔施工方法[J].矿业安全与环保,2000,27(4):40-42.
[19]何明川.顺层长钻孔成孔工艺技术[J].煤矿安全,2005,36(3):9-12.
[20]车得福,李会雄.多相流及其应用[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2006:214-226.
[2l]杨永良 李增华等.煤层钻孔风力排渣模拟实验研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2006(12):415-418.
[22]姜晓举.突出煤层长钻孔风力排渣影响因素分析[J].煤矿现代化,2004(6):61-62.
[23]林府进,孙东玲,董钢锋.顺层长钻孔风力排渣成孔技术[J].矿业安全与环保,2001,28(2): 40-42.
[24]孔珑.两相流体力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[25]刘大有 二相流体动力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1993.
[26]殷新胜,田宏亮,姚克等.负载敏感技术在全液压动力头式坑道钻机上的应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2008(1)75-77.
[27]胡传鼎.通风除尘设备设计手册[M].化学工业出版社,2003
[28]林伍龙.冲击水浴喷雾式除尘器的应用.工业安全与环保,2002,28(11):10-13.
[29]金国淼等.除尘器手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002
[30]张殿印 王纯.除尘器手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社环境科学与工程出版中心,2005.
[31]Alex C.Hoffmann,Louis E.Stein.Gas cyclones and swirl tubes:principles,design and operation.Spring-verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
[32]姜凤有.工业除尘设备-设计、制作、安装与管理[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2007.
[33]熊振湖,费学宁,池勇志等.大气污染防治技术及工程应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.
[34]胡满银,赵毅,刘忠.除尘技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.
[35]褚良银,陈文梅.旋转流分离理论[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2002.
[36]王福军.计算流体动力学分析-CFD软件原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[37]韩占忠 王敬 兰小平.FLUENT流体工程仿真计算实例与应用[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2004.
[38]John D.Anderson.Computational Fluid Dynamics the Basics with Applications.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
[39]Victor L.Streeter,E.Benjamin Wylie,Keith W.Bedford.Fluid Mechanics.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[40]汪继文 刘儒勋.间断解问题的有限体积法[J].计算物理,2001,18(2)。
[4l]王瑞金 张凯 王刚.Fluent技术基础与应用实例[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007.
[42]龙天渝 苏亚欣等.计算流体动力学[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2007.
[43]王浩.旋风分离器内两相流动的数值模拟研究[硕士学位论文][D].兰州:兰州理工大学,2007
[44]张艳辉 刘有智 霍红等.旋风除尘器的进展研究[J].华北工学院学报,1998,19(4):324-328.
[45]于勇.Fluent入门与进阶教程[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2008.
[46]周力行.湍流两相流动与燃烧的数值模拟[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1991.
[47]赵兵涛等.旋风分离器内气固分离模型的研究进展.中国粉体技术,2003,6(3).
[48]Sun JJ,Liu b,Mcmurry P,et al.A method to increase control efficiencies of wet scrubbers for submicron particles and particulate metal[J].Journal of Air &Waste Management Association.1994,44(2):42-43
[2]王省身.矿井灾害防治理论与技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1997.
[3]吴刚 董加梅 赵建华.采煤工作面瓦斯治理技术研究[J].煤炭技术,2008,27(6).
[4]推进煤矿瓦斯治理与开发利用.http://www.sdpc.gov.cn/mtbd/t20061122_94588.htm,2006(11).
[5]袁亮.松软低透煤层群瓦斯抽采理论与技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2004.
[6]国家安全生产监督管理总局交流合作中心.第一届中国国际煤矿瓦斯防治与利用大会论文集[C],北京:煤炭工业出版社,2005.
[7]周德昶,焦先军.地面钻井抽采瓦斯技术的发展方向[J].矿业安全与环保,2006,33(6).
[8]孙东玲.矿区的井下煤层气超前开发技术研究[硕士学位论文][D].重庆:重庆大学,2005.
[9]中国煤矿瓦斯抽放技术.http://www.in-en.com/coal/technology/safety/2007/O6/INEN_106598_2.html,2007(1 ).
[10]我国煤矿井下瓦斯钻机存在的主要问题.http://www.sdpc.gov.cn/gjscy/cyjs/t20060918_84806.htm,2006(9).
[11]韩广德.中国煤炭工业钻探工程学[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2000.
[12]王传里.新型螺旋滚筒装煤性能的理论研究[J].煤矿机械,2001(2):64-68.
[13]李泉新.松软突出煤层瓦斯抽放钻孔成孔技术与配套钻具的研究[硕士学位论文][D].北京:煤炭科学研究总院,2007.
[14]俞启香.矿井瓦斯防治[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1993.
[15]江苏大学,淮北矿业集团.钻孔口水力吸尘和钻场二次旋流水气射流通风技术研究[R].2008.
[16]李世忠.钻探工艺学(下册)[M].北京:地质出版社,1992.
[17]杨华,谢一伦.气力输送工程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006:107-116.
[18]唐永志,王子龙.松软高突煤层顺层钻孔施工方法[J].矿业安全与环保,2000,27(4):40-42.
[19]何明川.顺层长钻孔成孔工艺技术[J].煤矿安全,2005,36(3):9-12.
[20]车得福,李会雄.多相流及其应用[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2006:214-226.
[2l]杨永良 李增华等.煤层钻孔风力排渣模拟实验研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2006(12):415-418.
[22]姜晓举.突出煤层长钻孔风力排渣影响因素分析[J].煤矿现代化,2004(6):61-62.
[23]林府进,孙东玲,董钢锋.顺层长钻孔风力排渣成孔技术[J].矿业安全与环保,2001,28(2): 40-42.
[24]孔珑.两相流体力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[25]刘大有 二相流体动力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1993.
[26]殷新胜,田宏亮,姚克等.负载敏感技术在全液压动力头式坑道钻机上的应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2008(1)75-77.
[27]胡传鼎.通风除尘设备设计手册[M].化学工业出版社,2003
[28]林伍龙.冲击水浴喷雾式除尘器的应用.工业安全与环保,2002,28(11):10-13.
[29]金国淼等.除尘器手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002
[30]张殿印 王纯.除尘器手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社环境科学与工程出版中心,2005.
[31]Alex C.Hoffmann,Louis E.Stein.Gas cyclones and swirl tubes:principles,design and operation.Spring-verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
[32]姜凤有.工业除尘设备-设计、制作、安装与管理[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2007.
[33]熊振湖,费学宁,池勇志等.大气污染防治技术及工程应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.
[34]胡满银,赵毅,刘忠.除尘技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.
[35]褚良银,陈文梅.旋转流分离理论[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2002.
[36]王福军.计算流体动力学分析-CFD软件原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[37]韩占忠 王敬 兰小平.FLUENT流体工程仿真计算实例与应用[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2004.
[38]John D.Anderson.Computational Fluid Dynamics the Basics with Applications.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
[39]Victor L.Streeter,E.Benjamin Wylie,Keith W.Bedford.Fluid Mechanics.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[40]汪继文 刘儒勋.间断解问题的有限体积法[J].计算物理,2001,18(2)。
[4l]王瑞金 张凯 王刚.Fluent技术基础与应用实例[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007.
[42]龙天渝 苏亚欣等.计算流体动力学[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2007.
[43]王浩.旋风分离器内两相流动的数值模拟研究[硕士学位论文][D].兰州:兰州理工大学,2007
[44]张艳辉 刘有智 霍红等.旋风除尘器的进展研究[J].华北工学院学报,1998,19(4):324-328.
[45]于勇.Fluent入门与进阶教程[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2008.
[46]周力行.湍流两相流动与燃烧的数值模拟[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1991.
[47]赵兵涛等.旋风分离器内气固分离模型的研究进展.中国粉体技术,2003,6(3).
[48]Sun JJ,Liu b,Mcmurry P,et al.A method to increase control efficiencies of wet scrubbers for submicron particles and particulate metal[J].Journal of Air &Waste Management Association.1994,44(2):42-43