鄂东南铜绿山铜铁金矿床地质特征、成因模式及找矿方向
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摘要
本文以区域成矿学理论为指导,从铜绿山矿床地质特征和控矿构造入手,通过岩矿石的微量元素、稀土元素、稳定同位素和流体包裹体测试,对夕卡岩型和隐爆角砾岩型矿体进行了深入研究和对比,探讨了铜绿山矿床成矿物质来源和成因,建立了铜绿山矿床成矿模式,总结了成矿规律,并指出了找矿方向。取得的主要成果与认识如下:
1、通过区域成矿背景研究,认为印支期和燕山期构造运动控制了铜绿山矿田岩浆活动和成矿作用。印支运动形成了北西—北西西向断裂与褶皱,燕山运动不仅改造了早期的北西西向构造,而且新生了规模较大的北北东向断裂和褶皱,北北东向断裂褶皱与北西西向的构造叠加控制铜绿山花岗闪长斑岩株就位和矿床的产出,矿体则受更次一级构造控制,两组构造交汇部位有利于形成富矿体。
2、从矿田角度研究了铜绿山矿床与外围鸡冠嘴、桃花嘴、鲤泥湖、石头嘴等矿床的关系,首次提出铜绿山矿床处于矿田及鄂东“黄石热点”的中心地带,矿化类型齐全,矿化强度最大,具有超大型铜、金找矿前景。
3、通过坑道和地表的系统调查和深入研究,发现原作为Ⅺ号夕卡岩型矿体及周边“废石”为隐爆角砾岩型铜金矿体,它们是在夕卡岩化之后,经隐爆角砾岩化并叠加后期的金矿化而成,主要受北西西向断裂—破碎带构造控制,特别是北西西向与北北东向构造交汇部位易于形成厚大矿体。
4、通过对-305m中段详细研究,发现含铜云煌斑岩脉。该脉形成于隐爆角砾岩型铜金矿化之后,并与之空间上伴生,亦受北西西向断裂的控制。这一云煌斑岩型铜矿体的发现,佐证了“黄石热点”的存在,也反映了本区具有强烈的壳—幔成矿作用。
5、通过对矿区控矿构造的研究,发现矿区存在多个北西西向的断裂—破碎带,在各个破碎带的深部(-300m～-600m标高),存在不同程度的破碎岩石和碎裂的黄铁矿及玉髓等中低温热液矿物,铜、金均达到工业品位,并且这些断裂—破碎带具有与形成Ⅺ号矿体相同的地质和成矿环境,拓展了本区的找矿空间。
6、通过H、O、Sr、Pb、S同位素、稀土元素、微量元素和流体包裹体地球化学研究,论证了矿床成矿流体主要来自岩浆,晚期有大
In this thesis, guided with the regional metallogeny theory, started from the geological properties and the mineralization-controlling structures of Tonglushan ore deposit, we researched and compared the characteristics of Skarn and cryptoexplosive breccia ore-body from their trace elements, REE, stable isotopes and fluid inclusions. The origin and cause of metallogenic matter were discussed. The author set up the ore deposit metallogenic model, summarized the metallogenic rule and figured out the areas for next mineral exploration. The main innovation and new viewpoints are summarized as following:1 、 Through the research of regional metallogenic background, it is regarded that both of Indosinian and Yanshan orogeny controlled the magmatism and metallogenesis in Tonglushan ore-deposit area. During the Indosinian Epoch, NW-NWW-striking faults and folds were formed. In the Yanshan orogeny Epoch, the tectonic process not only altered the existed structures of NW-NWW-striking, but also added the NEE-striking structures. The superposition of NNE and NWW structures controls the stock position of granodiorite and the output of ore deposit. The ore-body was controlled by structure formed later. The intersection space of these two group of structures is favor of the produce of bouanza.2、 From the point of mine field, the relation of Tonglushan ore deposit and the periphery deposits such as Jiguanzui, Taohuazui, Liyuzui and Shitouzui was researched. It puts forward the point of that Tonglushan ore deposit lies in central zone of mineral area and "huangshi hotspot" of east of Hupei. The ore deposit has many mineralization types, the biggest mineralization intensity. The ore deposit has a exploration prospect of giant-deposit of Cu-Au ore deposit for the first time.3、 From systemic survey and research on tunnel and surface, It founds that the primary number XI skarn-type ore body and it's surrounding "barren rock" actually are cryptoexplosive breccia ore-body of Cu-Au. After skarnization it experiences cryptoexplosive brecciation and follow a goldzation. Eventually the "barren rock" become cryptoexplosive breccia Cu-Au ore deposit. The mineralization was
controlled by the NWW-striking faults and cracks belt. The large ore-bodies usually in the intersection sets of NWW and NNE structures, especially.4n With the detail research in the tunnel of -305m, we found minette vein concentrating Cu and accompanying with cryptoexplosive breccia. The vein formed after cryptoexplosive brecciation and also was controlled by the NWW cracks. The finding of minette porphyry copper ore deposit proofs the existence of "huangshi hotspot" and reflects the existence of intense crust-mantle metallization.5^ By the research on the mineralization-controlling structures, it was found that there were many NWW fault-crack belts. In the deep of these belts (-300m~-600m in elevation), there existed fractured rock, pyrite and chalcedony, etc formed by hydrothermal mineralization middle-low temperature. The gold and copper all reached the industrial standard. These fault-crack belts has same geologic and metallogenic environment as the XI ore body. It enlarges the exploration space in the zone.6> With the geochemical analysis of isotope (H> O> Sr> P^ S), REE, trace elements and the fluid inclusions, it has proved that the metallogenic fluid was mainly from the magma and meteoric water added later. And the mineralizing elements were mainly from the deep (sub-crust or upper mantle), part of them from the source bed. It figured out the mechanism of the metallogemy is: the mineralization elements circulated and extracted with fluid driven by the magma, and deposited at appropriate zone. The process of mineralization can be sum up as: first the skarn-type Cu-Fe ore-forming, then concealed-crack breccia, Cu-Au mineralized, the minette porphyry copper deposit formed at last.7 ^ Through the research of geochemical geology, the author expatiated the space-time relation and cause contact between Skarn Cu-Fe and Cryptoexplosive breccia Cu-Au ore deposit. Basing on the existence of minette and companied cobalt, it was concluded that the Tonglushan ore deposit is the outcome of crust-mantle mineralization. And their mineralization model was founded.8> By research of datum, geology survey, synthesis mapping and
analysis of test result, author summarizes the mineralization rule and the exploration indicators, founds the exploration model, forecasts the output of blind marble belt and mineral belt with analyses fold-faluts superposition and brings forward 7 target areas and 2 prospective areas. The part of these areas have been proved by practice.
1、通过区域成矿背景研究,认为印支期和燕山期构造运动控制了铜绿山矿田岩浆活动和成矿作用。印支运动形成了北西—北西西向断裂与褶皱,燕山运动不仅改造了早期的北西西向构造,而且新生了规模较大的北北东向断裂和褶皱,北北东向断裂褶皱与北西西向的构造叠加控制铜绿山花岗闪长斑岩株就位和矿床的产出,矿体则受更次一级构造控制,两组构造交汇部位有利于形成富矿体。
2、从矿田角度研究了铜绿山矿床与外围鸡冠嘴、桃花嘴、鲤泥湖、石头嘴等矿床的关系,首次提出铜绿山矿床处于矿田及鄂东“黄石热点”的中心地带,矿化类型齐全,矿化强度最大,具有超大型铜、金找矿前景。
3、通过坑道和地表的系统调查和深入研究,发现原作为Ⅺ号夕卡岩型矿体及周边“废石”为隐爆角砾岩型铜金矿体,它们是在夕卡岩化之后,经隐爆角砾岩化并叠加后期的金矿化而成,主要受北西西向断裂—破碎带构造控制,特别是北西西向与北北东向构造交汇部位易于形成厚大矿体。
4、通过对-305m中段详细研究,发现含铜云煌斑岩脉。该脉形成于隐爆角砾岩型铜金矿化之后,并与之空间上伴生,亦受北西西向断裂的控制。这一云煌斑岩型铜矿体的发现,佐证了“黄石热点”的存在,也反映了本区具有强烈的壳—幔成矿作用。
5、通过对矿区控矿构造的研究,发现矿区存在多个北西西向的断裂—破碎带,在各个破碎带的深部(-300m～-600m标高),存在不同程度的破碎岩石和碎裂的黄铁矿及玉髓等中低温热液矿物,铜、金均达到工业品位,并且这些断裂—破碎带具有与形成Ⅺ号矿体相同的地质和成矿环境,拓展了本区的找矿空间。
6、通过H、O、Sr、Pb、S同位素、稀土元素、微量元素和流体包裹体地球化学研究,论证了矿床成矿流体主要来自岩浆,晚期有大
In this thesis, guided with the regional metallogeny theory, started from the geological properties and the mineralization-controlling structures of Tonglushan ore deposit, we researched and compared the characteristics of Skarn and cryptoexplosive breccia ore-body from their trace elements, REE, stable isotopes and fluid inclusions. The origin and cause of metallogenic matter were discussed. The author set up the ore deposit metallogenic model, summarized the metallogenic rule and figured out the areas for next mineral exploration. The main innovation and new viewpoints are summarized as following:1 、 Through the research of regional metallogenic background, it is regarded that both of Indosinian and Yanshan orogeny controlled the magmatism and metallogenesis in Tonglushan ore-deposit area. During the Indosinian Epoch, NW-NWW-striking faults and folds were formed. In the Yanshan orogeny Epoch, the tectonic process not only altered the existed structures of NW-NWW-striking, but also added the NEE-striking structures. The superposition of NNE and NWW structures controls the stock position of granodiorite and the output of ore deposit. The ore-body was controlled by structure formed later. The intersection space of these two group of structures is favor of the produce of bouanza.2、 From the point of mine field, the relation of Tonglushan ore deposit and the periphery deposits such as Jiguanzui, Taohuazui, Liyuzui and Shitouzui was researched. It puts forward the point of that Tonglushan ore deposit lies in central zone of mineral area and "huangshi hotspot" of east of Hupei. The ore deposit has many mineralization types, the biggest mineralization intensity. The ore deposit has a exploration prospect of giant-deposit of Cu-Au ore deposit for the first time.3、 From systemic survey and research on tunnel and surface, It founds that the primary number XI skarn-type ore body and it's surrounding "barren rock" actually are cryptoexplosive breccia ore-body of Cu-Au. After skarnization it experiences cryptoexplosive brecciation and follow a goldzation. Eventually the "barren rock" become cryptoexplosive breccia Cu-Au ore deposit. The mineralization was
controlled by the NWW-striking faults and cracks belt. The large ore-bodies usually in the intersection sets of NWW and NNE structures, especially.4n With the detail research in the tunnel of -305m, we found minette vein concentrating Cu and accompanying with cryptoexplosive breccia. The vein formed after cryptoexplosive brecciation and also was controlled by the NWW cracks. The finding of minette porphyry copper ore deposit proofs the existence of "huangshi hotspot" and reflects the existence of intense crust-mantle metallization.5^ By the research on the mineralization-controlling structures, it was found that there were many NWW fault-crack belts. In the deep of these belts (-300m~-600m in elevation), there existed fractured rock, pyrite and chalcedony, etc formed by hydrothermal mineralization middle-low temperature. The gold and copper all reached the industrial standard. These fault-crack belts has same geologic and metallogenic environment as the XI ore body. It enlarges the exploration space in the zone.6> With the geochemical analysis of isotope (H> O> Sr> P^ S), REE, trace elements and the fluid inclusions, it has proved that the metallogenic fluid was mainly from the magma and meteoric water added later. And the mineralizing elements were mainly from the deep (sub-crust or upper mantle), part of them from the source bed. It figured out the mechanism of the metallogemy is: the mineralization elements circulated and extracted with fluid driven by the magma, and deposited at appropriate zone. The process of mineralization can be sum up as: first the skarn-type Cu-Fe ore-forming, then concealed-crack breccia, Cu-Au mineralized, the minette porphyry copper deposit formed at last.7 ^ Through the research of geochemical geology, the author expatiated the space-time relation and cause contact between Skarn Cu-Fe and Cryptoexplosive breccia Cu-Au ore deposit. Basing on the existence of minette and companied cobalt, it was concluded that the Tonglushan ore deposit is the outcome of crust-mantle mineralization. And their mineralization model was founded.8> By research of datum, geology survey, synthesis mapping and
analysis of test result, author summarizes the mineralization rule and the exploration indicators, founds the exploration model, forecasts the output of blind marble belt and mineral belt with analyses fold-faluts superposition and brings forward 7 target areas and 2 prospective areas. The part of these areas have been proved by practice.
引文
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