二冲程低速柴油机工作过程与增压系统的计算研究
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摘要
二冲程低速柴油机工作过程与增压系统的研究对我国实现自主配机和性能改进提高具有重要的意义。本文以上海沪东重机股份有限公司制造的MAN B&W公司二冲程低速柴油机7K90MC-C为主要研究对象,在详细分析了该机主要结构的基础上,建立了计算模型,实现其性能仿真。
通过对二冲程低速柴油机模拟计算中的主要子模型的详细分析,建立了对其进行准确性能模拟的方法。文中分析了二冲程低速柴油机的扫气模型对发动机模拟计算的影响,并指明了采用“组合排气”模型可以实现对7K90MC-C扫气过程的精确模拟;探讨了现代二冲程低速柴油机的放热规律模型,根据7S60MC-C和6S70MC两种机型的气缸压力试验数据,分析了放热规律特征参数,建立了二冲程低速柴油机放热规律模型,结果证明该模型与试验结果相吻合;建立了涡轮增压器配机方法,按该方法选取的7K90MC-C柴油机涡轮增压器参数与国外提供的设计参数相符。
在建立模型的基础上,对船用二冲程低速柴油机7K90MC-C的额定负荷和部分负荷进行了计算,结果表明计算与试验结果具有较好的一致性,验证了计算模型的正确性。并对该机的排气正时进行了优化分析,探讨了降低扫气口高度对二冲程柴油机扫气过程的影响。
以解决二冲程低速柴油机的起动及低负荷问题为目的,计算研究了其鼓风机匹配问题,进行了鼓风机的选型和优化分析,探讨了鼓风机两台全开和只开一台时的切换规律。
Study on work process and turbocharging system of two-stroke low-speed diesel engine is significant for marine engine matching and performance improving of our country. Based on the analysis of engine structure, an engine performance simulation model was developed according to the MAN B&W 7K90MC-C two-stroke low-speed diesel engine, which was made by Shanghai Hudong Heavy Machinery Co., Ltd...
The sub-models in the simulation of two-stroke low-speed diesel engine were analyzed in detail and the method to accurate simulation was developed. This paper studied the effects of different scavenging models on simulation. The results showed that the“combined scavenging”model is more suitable for the 7K90MC-C diesel engine. The combustion model of nowadays two-stroke low-speed diesel engine was discussed. According to the measured cylinder pressure of 7S60MC-C and 6S70MC diesel engines, the characteristics of heat release rate were analyzed. A new combustion model was set up and the results were consistent with experiments. Turbocharger matching method was developed. The turbocharger parameters of 7K90MC-C diesel engine chosen by this method were similar with the data provided by the foreign company.
The performances of 7K90MC-C diesel engine at part and rated load were simulated using the developed model. The results showed that the
通过对二冲程低速柴油机模拟计算中的主要子模型的详细分析,建立了对其进行准确性能模拟的方法。文中分析了二冲程低速柴油机的扫气模型对发动机模拟计算的影响,并指明了采用“组合排气”模型可以实现对7K90MC-C扫气过程的精确模拟;探讨了现代二冲程低速柴油机的放热规律模型,根据7S60MC-C和6S70MC两种机型的气缸压力试验数据,分析了放热规律特征参数,建立了二冲程低速柴油机放热规律模型,结果证明该模型与试验结果相吻合;建立了涡轮增压器配机方法,按该方法选取的7K90MC-C柴油机涡轮增压器参数与国外提供的设计参数相符。
在建立模型的基础上,对船用二冲程低速柴油机7K90MC-C的额定负荷和部分负荷进行了计算,结果表明计算与试验结果具有较好的一致性,验证了计算模型的正确性。并对该机的排气正时进行了优化分析,探讨了降低扫气口高度对二冲程柴油机扫气过程的影响。
以解决二冲程低速柴油机的起动及低负荷问题为目的,计算研究了其鼓风机匹配问题,进行了鼓风机的选型和优化分析,探讨了鼓风机两台全开和只开一台时的切换规律。
Study on work process and turbocharging system of two-stroke low-speed diesel engine is significant for marine engine matching and performance improving of our country. Based on the analysis of engine structure, an engine performance simulation model was developed according to the MAN B&W 7K90MC-C two-stroke low-speed diesel engine, which was made by Shanghai Hudong Heavy Machinery Co., Ltd...
The sub-models in the simulation of two-stroke low-speed diesel engine were analyzed in detail and the method to accurate simulation was developed. This paper studied the effects of different scavenging models on simulation. The results showed that the“combined scavenging”model is more suitable for the 7K90MC-C diesel engine. The combustion model of nowadays two-stroke low-speed diesel engine was discussed. According to the measured cylinder pressure of 7S60MC-C and 6S70MC diesel engines, the characteristics of heat release rate were analyzed. A new combustion model was set up and the results were consistent with experiments. Turbocharger matching method was developed. The turbocharger parameters of 7K90MC-C diesel engine chosen by this method were similar with the data provided by the foreign company.
The performances of 7K90MC-C diesel engine at part and rated load were simulated using the developed model. The results showed that the
引文
[1] 郭东波, 曾勇, 船用柴油机的现状及发展, 船海工程, 2003,(2), 17-19
[2] 顾佩清, RTA52U船用柴油机设计性能参数选择, [硕士学位论文], 哈尔滨, 哈尔滨工程大学, 2001
[3] 刘颖, 船舶柴油机原理, 北京, 国防工业出版社, 1980,668
[4] 姚寿广,肖民,陈宇,马哲树, 船舰大功率柴油机的技术发展现状与展望, 华东船舶工业学院学报, 2003, 17(5), 16-20
[5] 顾宏中, 涡轮增压柴油机性能研究, 上海, 上海交通大学出版社, 1998, 290
[6] 李积轩, Petermullins, 低速机具有光明的前途, 柴油机, 2002, (3), 13-15
[7] 刘春亚, 赵根龙, 电子控制的ME柴油机, 沪东中华技术情报, 2003, (3), 27-29
[8] 宋军, 黄震, 李孝禄等, 采用双段喷射改善二冲程柴油机的排放性能, 汽车工程, 2006, 28(5), 446-450
[9] 林国荣, Sulzer RT—flex共轨燃油喷射系统二冲程船用柴油机, 中外船舶科技, 2000, (4), 26-26
[10] 李可顺, 船用柴油机涡轮增压器对环境温度适应性分析, [硕士学位论文], 大连, 大连海事大学, 2004
[11] вз.зюбанов, 桂宝康, 柳欣生, 二冲程柴油机增压系统的改进, 国外内燃机车, 2004, (4), 31-33
[12] 陆家祥, 柴油机涡轮增压技术, 北京, 机械工业出版社, 1999
[13] 王承禹,刘镇,常汉宝, 舰船涡轮增压柴油机低负荷性能改善措施的探讨, 船舶与海洋工程研究专集, 2001, (143),59-61
[14] 顾宏中,邬静川, 柴油机增压及其优化控制, 上海, 上海交通大学出版社, 1995, 206
[15] 顾宏中, 涡轮增压柴油机热力过程模拟计算, 上海, 上海交通大学出版社, 1985
[16] Sher E., Modeling the Scavenging Process in the Two-Stroke Engine-A Overview, 1989
[17] Merker G. P., Gerstle M., Evaluation on Two Stroke Engines Scavenging Models, SAE Paper NO. 970358, 1997
[18] 翁泽民,黄少竹, 大功率船用二冲程涡轮增压柴油机运行性能预测, 集美航海学院学报, 1994, 12(2), 1-7
[19] 朱访君,吴坚, 内燃机工作过程数值计算及其优化, 国防工业出版社, 1997
[20] 龚金科,刘梦祥,刘湘玲, 柴油机工作过程数学模拟,, 移动电源与车辆, 2002, 2), 11-13
[21] 蒋德明, 内燃机的涡轮增压, 北京, 机械工业出版社, 1986
[22] 金国祥, 增压柴油机工作过程电算基础, 上海, 上海船用柴油机研究所, 1989
[23] 于承训, 工程传热学, 西南交通大学出版社, 1990
[24] 齐起生, 工程热力学, 西南交通大学出版社, 1990
[25] 郝强,朱梅林,何齐渔, 柴油机高压比涡轮增压系统评述, 车用发动机, 1994, 1-8
[26] 谭浩强,田淑清, FORTRAN77结构化设计, 北京, 清华大学出版社, 1990
[27] 刘炽棠, 内燃机原理, 上海, 上海交通大学出版社, 1996
[28] JohnBheywood,eranSher, THE TWO-STROKE CYCLE ENGINE, 1999
[29] 石磊, HYL内燃机瞬态过程数据采集系统的研究开发, [硕士学位论文], 济南, 山东大学, 2002
[30] 邬方文, 船用增压中冷柴油机与涡轮增压器的匹配选型试验, 浙江海洋学院学报, 2000, 19(3), 307-310
[31] K90MC-C MK6 Project Guide, 2005
[32] 钱耀南, 船舶柴油机, 大连, 大连海事大学出版社, 1999
[33] 史宗庄,马其诚, 二冲程内燃机气口比时面值计算方法的研究, 内燃机学报, 2000, 18(1), 104-106
[34] 史宗庄, 小型二冲程汽油机气口主要参数的计算和确定, 小型内燃机, 2000, 29(3), 16-24
[35] 史宗庄,崔国起,刘元阁, 二冲程内燃机气口配气相位角的计算方法, 天津大学学报, 1999, 32(4),418-422
[36] 郭立君,何川, 泵与风机, 北京, 中国电力出版社, 2004
[37] 吴达人, 泵与风机, 西安, 西安交通大学出版社, 1989
[38] 杨惠宗, 泵与风机, 上海, 上海交通大学出版社, 1992
[39] A/s M. B. D., K90MC-C MK6 Project Guide, 2005
[40] 郭立君, 泵与风机, 北京, 中国电力出版社, 1997
[41] Esko Laustela, Hansruedi Ammann H. B., Turbocharging the Large Two-Stroke Marine Engines, ISME Yokohama, 1995, 110-118
[42] Rupp, Markus, Turbocharging Systems for Marine Propulsion and their Environmental Aspects, Motor Ship Conference, 1995
[43] H. Born, Dr. K. H. Rohne, J. Greber, I. IKonomu, A NEW High-Efficieny Turbocharger Series for Two-Stroke Engines with High Pressure Ratios, CIMAC Congress, 1995
[44] K98MC-C Project Guide, 2005
[2] 顾佩清, RTA52U船用柴油机设计性能参数选择, [硕士学位论文], 哈尔滨, 哈尔滨工程大学, 2001
[3] 刘颖, 船舶柴油机原理, 北京, 国防工业出版社, 1980,668
[4] 姚寿广,肖民,陈宇,马哲树, 船舰大功率柴油机的技术发展现状与展望, 华东船舶工业学院学报, 2003, 17(5), 16-20
[5] 顾宏中, 涡轮增压柴油机性能研究, 上海, 上海交通大学出版社, 1998, 290
[6] 李积轩, Petermullins, 低速机具有光明的前途, 柴油机, 2002, (3), 13-15
[7] 刘春亚, 赵根龙, 电子控制的ME柴油机, 沪东中华技术情报, 2003, (3), 27-29
[8] 宋军, 黄震, 李孝禄等, 采用双段喷射改善二冲程柴油机的排放性能, 汽车工程, 2006, 28(5), 446-450
[9] 林国荣, Sulzer RT—flex共轨燃油喷射系统二冲程船用柴油机, 中外船舶科技, 2000, (4), 26-26
[10] 李可顺, 船用柴油机涡轮增压器对环境温度适应性分析, [硕士学位论文], 大连, 大连海事大学, 2004
[11] вз.зюбанов, 桂宝康, 柳欣生, 二冲程柴油机增压系统的改进, 国外内燃机车, 2004, (4), 31-33
[12] 陆家祥, 柴油机涡轮增压技术, 北京, 机械工业出版社, 1999
[13] 王承禹,刘镇,常汉宝, 舰船涡轮增压柴油机低负荷性能改善措施的探讨, 船舶与海洋工程研究专集, 2001, (143),59-61
[14] 顾宏中,邬静川, 柴油机增压及其优化控制, 上海, 上海交通大学出版社, 1995, 206
[15] 顾宏中, 涡轮增压柴油机热力过程模拟计算, 上海, 上海交通大学出版社, 1985
[16] Sher E., Modeling the Scavenging Process in the Two-Stroke Engine-A Overview, 1989
[17] Merker G. P., Gerstle M., Evaluation on Two Stroke Engines Scavenging Models, SAE Paper NO. 970358, 1997
[18] 翁泽民,黄少竹, 大功率船用二冲程涡轮增压柴油机运行性能预测, 集美航海学院学报, 1994, 12(2), 1-7
[19] 朱访君,吴坚, 内燃机工作过程数值计算及其优化, 国防工业出版社, 1997
[20] 龚金科,刘梦祥,刘湘玲, 柴油机工作过程数学模拟,, 移动电源与车辆, 2002, 2), 11-13
[21] 蒋德明, 内燃机的涡轮增压, 北京, 机械工业出版社, 1986
[22] 金国祥, 增压柴油机工作过程电算基础, 上海, 上海船用柴油机研究所, 1989
[23] 于承训, 工程传热学, 西南交通大学出版社, 1990
[24] 齐起生, 工程热力学, 西南交通大学出版社, 1990
[25] 郝强,朱梅林,何齐渔, 柴油机高压比涡轮增压系统评述, 车用发动机, 1994, 1-8
[26] 谭浩强,田淑清, FORTRAN77结构化设计, 北京, 清华大学出版社, 1990
[27] 刘炽棠, 内燃机原理, 上海, 上海交通大学出版社, 1996
[28] JohnBheywood,eranSher, THE TWO-STROKE CYCLE ENGINE, 1999
[29] 石磊, HYL内燃机瞬态过程数据采集系统的研究开发, [硕士学位论文], 济南, 山东大学, 2002
[30] 邬方文, 船用增压中冷柴油机与涡轮增压器的匹配选型试验, 浙江海洋学院学报, 2000, 19(3), 307-310
[31] K90MC-C MK6 Project Guide, 2005
[32] 钱耀南, 船舶柴油机, 大连, 大连海事大学出版社, 1999
[33] 史宗庄,马其诚, 二冲程内燃机气口比时面值计算方法的研究, 内燃机学报, 2000, 18(1), 104-106
[34] 史宗庄, 小型二冲程汽油机气口主要参数的计算和确定, 小型内燃机, 2000, 29(3), 16-24
[35] 史宗庄,崔国起,刘元阁, 二冲程内燃机气口配气相位角的计算方法, 天津大学学报, 1999, 32(4),418-422
[36] 郭立君,何川, 泵与风机, 北京, 中国电力出版社, 2004
[37] 吴达人, 泵与风机, 西安, 西安交通大学出版社, 1989
[38] 杨惠宗, 泵与风机, 上海, 上海交通大学出版社, 1992
[39] A/s M. B. D., K90MC-C MK6 Project Guide, 2005
[40] 郭立君, 泵与风机, 北京, 中国电力出版社, 1997
[41] Esko Laustela, Hansruedi Ammann H. B., Turbocharging the Large Two-Stroke Marine Engines, ISME Yokohama, 1995, 110-118
[42] Rupp, Markus, Turbocharging Systems for Marine Propulsion and their Environmental Aspects, Motor Ship Conference, 1995
[43] H. Born, Dr. K. H. Rohne, J. Greber, I. IKonomu, A NEW High-Efficieny Turbocharger Series for Two-Stroke Engines with High Pressure Ratios, CIMAC Congress, 1995
[44] K98MC-C Project Guide, 2005