T型双量子点自旋极化输运研究
|
摘要
作为展现低维介观体系量子效应的典型代表,量子点结构成为近年来的研究热点,由于纳米技术的进步,使人们能够在人为控制的条件下,使用量子点系统研究Fano和Kondo共振各个方面的性质,这极大地增加了人们在介观系统中研究这两个效应的兴趣。同时,T型双量子点结构在凝聚态物理学中也引起了比较大的关注和研究。对比于传统的串型和并型双量子点结构来说,T型双量子点结构显示了一些独特的性质。一方面,T型双量子点为实验有限条件下研究双杂质系统提供了可行性;另一方面,T型双量子点系统又是一个研究关联效应的模型,因为其特殊的量子点结构使得电子有了两条传输通道。一条是通过中心电子,另外一条是通过边耦合电子。此外,由于Kondo效应起源于低温稀磁合金中的磁杂质与传导电子之间的相互作用,使得Kondo效应为研究量子点局域自旋和自由臂之间的相互关联提供了一个方式。同时,Fano效应发生于电子从任意初态的两种跃迁方式(一是直接通过连续能态,或者是通过共振能态)的互相干涉。因此很有意思研究一下Fano-Kondo效应如何影响T型双量子点的传输性质。通过我们的研究结果发现,(1)当我们忽略边耦合量子点的库仑排斥,其中的一个量子点处于Kondo控制区时,我们的结果表明双量子点之间的耦合强度和边耦合量子点的相对位置对这个中心量子点的态密度和系统的线形电导都有较大的影响;而且在平衡和非平衡状态下,Kondo和Fano效应都会受到自旋极化强度的影响。(2)当我们同时考虑两个量子点的库仑排斥势时,这个系统在平衡和非平衡情况下的强弱耦合下的态密度都随着铁磁电极的自旋极化强度的变化而发生变化;此外我们还对系统的电流和微分电导是否受到自旋极化强度的变化的变化规律做了描述。我们得出的这些性质为我们研究此类T型双量子点系统提供了更多的传输性质,并且这些性质归结为系统共同存在的Fano和Kondo相互作用。T型双量子点系统是一个非常良好的双量子点结构模型,这样的一个可以包含单个和双个量子点的系统也能为研究强关联相互效应提供帮助,当然能为将来更多的自旋阀实验提供更多的可供参考的的方法。
As the typical representation of exhibiting quantum effect in low dimensional mesoscopic system, the quantum dot system becomes the hot topic recently. Recent advances in nanofabrication technology have made it possible to investigate various aspects of Fano versus Kondo resonance, which has aroused new interest in the two phenomena. Meanwhile, T-shaped double-quantum-dot systems have attracted much attention in the condensed matter physics. Contrasting with the usual series and parallel DQD systems, the T-shaped DQD systems show some different properties. On the one hand, the T-shaped DQD systems provide an idea model system for studying the two impurity effects and the related experiment can be performed under controlled circumstance. On the other hand, the T-shaped DQD systems are another prototype of correlated systems, for which the special arrangement of the DQD provides two paths for the electrons to go through, one is through the central QD and the other is through the side QD. Besides, the Kondo effect arises from the interactions between a single magnetic impurity and the electrons of the bulk mental under low temperature, so the observation of the Kondo effect in QD systems opened a new path for the investigation of quantum correlation between localized spin in QD and the free lead. The Fano effect appears as a result of quantum interference between a discrete single energy level and a direct channel characterized by its continuous spectrum. It is thus interesting to study how the Kondo versus Fano effect affect the characteristic transport properties in the T-shaped DQD system. Through our study, we find the following results: (1) when the central dot is in the Kondo regime and the Coulomb interaction of the side coupled dot is not considered, it is shown that the interdot coupling and the relative position of side coupled dot levels play an essential role in the DOS and the liner conductance of central dot. There are different Kondo and Fano line shapes under the control of spin-polarized strength both in the equilibrium and nonequilibrium cases.(2) when the Coulomb interaction of the two dots is considered, the DOS of the two dots depends sensitively on the spin-polarized strength in both the equilibrium and nonequilibrium case. We also pay attention to the influence of the spin-polarized strength on the differential conductance and the current of the system. The behaviors of them provide more information about the transport properties in the T-shaped DQD system, as well as that the rich physical behavior can be attributed to the coexistence of both the Fano effect and Kondo effect. The T-shape DQD system is also a very promising quantum dot configuration. Such system involving single or multiple quantum dots may provide many opportunities for strong interaction effects, which stimulate further experimental and theoretical studies in the spintronics.
As the typical representation of exhibiting quantum effect in low dimensional mesoscopic system, the quantum dot system becomes the hot topic recently. Recent advances in nanofabrication technology have made it possible to investigate various aspects of Fano versus Kondo resonance, which has aroused new interest in the two phenomena. Meanwhile, T-shaped double-quantum-dot systems have attracted much attention in the condensed matter physics. Contrasting with the usual series and parallel DQD systems, the T-shaped DQD systems show some different properties. On the one hand, the T-shaped DQD systems provide an idea model system for studying the two impurity effects and the related experiment can be performed under controlled circumstance. On the other hand, the T-shaped DQD systems are another prototype of correlated systems, for which the special arrangement of the DQD provides two paths for the electrons to go through, one is through the central QD and the other is through the side QD. Besides, the Kondo effect arises from the interactions between a single magnetic impurity and the electrons of the bulk mental under low temperature, so the observation of the Kondo effect in QD systems opened a new path for the investigation of quantum correlation between localized spin in QD and the free lead. The Fano effect appears as a result of quantum interference between a discrete single energy level and a direct channel characterized by its continuous spectrum. It is thus interesting to study how the Kondo versus Fano effect affect the characteristic transport properties in the T-shaped DQD system. Through our study, we find the following results: (1) when the central dot is in the Kondo regime and the Coulomb interaction of the side coupled dot is not considered, it is shown that the interdot coupling and the relative position of side coupled dot levels play an essential role in the DOS and the liner conductance of central dot. There are different Kondo and Fano line shapes under the control of spin-polarized strength both in the equilibrium and nonequilibrium cases.(2) when the Coulomb interaction of the two dots is considered, the DOS of the two dots depends sensitively on the spin-polarized strength in both the equilibrium and nonequilibrium case. We also pay attention to the influence of the spin-polarized strength on the differential conductance and the current of the system. The behaviors of them provide more information about the transport properties in the T-shaped DQD system, as well as that the rich physical behavior can be attributed to the coexistence of both the Fano effect and Kondo effect. The T-shape DQD system is also a very promising quantum dot configuration. Such system involving single or multiple quantum dots may provide many opportunities for strong interaction effects, which stimulate further experimental and theoretical studies in the spintronics.
引文
[1] L. Kouwenhoven, L. Glazman, Revival of the Kondo effect. Physics World, 2001, 13(1): 33-38.
[2] A C Hewson, The Kondo Problem to Heavy Fermions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993, 29-45.
[3] J. Kondo, Resistance minimum in dilute magnetic alloys. Prog Theory Phys., 1964, 32(1): 33-38.
[4] 李正中,固体理论(第二版),北京: 高等教育出版社, 2003, 417-426.
[5] P W Anderson, Localized Magnetic States in Metals. Phys. Rev., 1961, 124(1):41-53.
[6] A C Hewson, The Kondo Problem to Heavy Fermions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993, 11-27.
[7] 阎守胜,介观体系和介观物理.物理,2001,3:180-181.
[8] 王启明,微电子、光电子高技术的发展源于固体能带的基础性研究. 物理, 1998, 27(9): 534-537.
[9] 阎守胜,甘子钊主编,介观物理,北京: 北京大学出版社, 1995:1-5.
[10] S Tarucha D G, T. Austing, T. Honda, Shell Filling and Spin effects in a few Electron Quantum Dot. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1996, 77(17): 3613-3617.
[11] R. frano and M. S. Figueira, E. V, Anda, Fano resonance in electronic transport through a quantum wire a side- coupeled quantum dot: X-boson treatment. Phy.rev.2003, 67(15):155301(6).
[12] M A Kastner, Artificial Atoms. Physiscs Today, 1993, 46(1):24-31.
[13] Serguei Voroitsov, Eduarelo R. muccio, and Harod U. Baranges, Phonon Decoherence of a Double Quantum Dot Charge Qubit. 2004, cond-mat/0412190.
[14] P L Mceuen, Artificial Atoms: New Boxes for Electrons.Science, 1997, 278:1729-1730.
[15] 赵凤瑗,张春玲,王占国,半导体量子点及其应用(I). 物理,2004,33(4):249-255.
[16] 赵凤瑗,张春玲,王占国,半导体量子点及其应用(II). 物理,2004,33(5):327-328.
[17] A Yacoby, M. Heiblum, D. Mehallet al, Cohernce and Phase SensitiveMeasurements in a Quantum Dot. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1995, 74(20): 4047-4750.
[18] A Levy Yeyati, and M. Büttier, Aharonov-Bohm Oscillations in a Mesoscopic Ring with a Quantum Dot. Phys. Rev. B 1995, 52(20): 14360-14363.
[19] G.Hackenbroich, H. A. Weidenmüller, Transmission through a Quantum Dot in an Aharonov-Bohm Ring.Phys. Rev. Lett., 1996, 76(1): 110-113.
[20] A Yacoby, R. Schuster, and M. Heiblum, Phase Rigidity and h/2e Oscillations in a Single-Ring Aharonov-Bohm Experiment. Phys. Rev. B, 1996, 53(15): 9583-9586.
[21] C Bruder, Rosari Fazio, and Herbert Schhoeller, Aharonov-Bohm Oscillations and Resonant Tunneling in Strongly Correlated Quantum Dots. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1996, 76(1): 114-117.
[22] A. Yacoby, M. Heiblum, D. Mahalu and H. Shtrikman, Coherence and Phase Sensitive Measurements in a Quantum Dot. Phys. Rev. Lett.,1995,74(20): 4047-4750.
[23] R.Schuster, E.Buks, M. Heiblum, D. Mahalu, V. Umansky and H. Shtrikman, Phase Measurement in a Quantum Dot via a Double-Slit Interference Experiment.Nature,1997,238:417-420.
[24] T.K. Ng and P.A. Lee, On-Site Coulomb Repulsion and Resonant Tunneling.Phys. Rev. Lett., 1988, 61(15): 1768-1771.
[25] C.Beenakker, Theory of Coulomb-blockade oscillations in the conductance of a quantum dot.Phys. Rev. B,1991,44(4):1646-1656.
[26] Rosa Lo′pez and David Sa′nchez, Nonequilibrium Spintronic Transport through an Artificial Kondo Impurity:Conductance, Magnetoresistance, and Shot Noise. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2003,90(11): 116602-116605.
[27] J. Gores, D. Goldhaber-Gordon, S. Heemeyer, and M.A. Kastner, Fano resonances in electronic transport through a single-electron transistor. Phys. Rev. B2000,62(3): 2188-2194.
[28] H. Beutler, Fano lineshapes of widely varying asymmetry. Z. Phys. 1934,91(4):132-143.
[29] L. I. Glazman and M.E. Raikh, Resonant Kondo Transparency of Barrier with Quasilocal Impurity States. JETP Letters, 1988,47(3):452-455.
[30] H. Jeong, A. M. Chang and M. R. Melloch, The Kondo Effect in an Artificial Quantum Dot Molecule. Science, 2001, 293(5538): 2221-2223.
[31] P G Silvesterov and Y. Imry, Towards an Explanation of the Mesoscopic Double-Slit Experiment, a New Model for charging of a Quantum Dot. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2000, 85(12): 2565-2568.
[32] H W Lee, Generic Transmission Zeros and In-Phase Resonances in Time-Reversal Symmetric Single Channel Transport. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1999, 82(11): 2358-2361.
[33] I Gómez, F Domínguez-Adame and P Orellana, Fano-like resonances in three-quantum-dot Aharonov-bohm rings.J. Phys: Condens. Matter, 2004, 16:1613-1621.
[34] D. V. Averin and Y. V. Nazarov, in Single Charge Tunneling, Plenum. Ser B,New York,1991,294:217-2470.
[35] T.K.Ng and P.A.Lee, On-Site Coulomb Repulsion and Resonant Tunneling.Phys. Rev. Lett.,1988, 6l:l768-1771.
[36] Y.Meir, N.S. Wingreen and P.A. Lee, Low-Temperature Transport Through a Qantum Dot.Phys. Rev. Lett., 1993, 70:2601-2604.
[37] N.S.Wingreen and Y.Meir, Anderson Model out of Equilibrium Noncrossing- Approximation Approach to Transport Through a Quantum Dot.Phys. Rev. B,1994, 49:11040-11052.
[38] S.Hershfield, J.H.Davies and J W .Wilkins, Probing the Kondo Resonance by Resonant Tunneling Through an Anderson Impurity. Phys. Rev. Lett.,1991, 67:3 720-3723.
[39] D.Goldhaber-Gordon et al.,Kondo Effect in a Single-Electron Transistor.Nature, 1998, 391:156-159.
[40] S.M.Cronenwett et al.,A Tunable Kondo Effect in Quantum Dots. Science,1998, 281:540-544.
[41] W.G.van der Wiel et al.,Electron Transport through double Quantum Dots. e-Print archive, 2002,Cond- mat/ 02 05350(1-43).
[42] T.Aono and M.Eto, Kondo Resonant Spectra in Coupled Quantum Dots. Phys. Rev. B, 2001, 63:1253271-1—1253271-11.
[43] T.Aono and M.Eto, Kondo Resonant Spectra in Coupled Quantum Dots Under Magnetic Fields. Phys.Rev.B,2001, 64: 073307-1-073307-4.
[44] A.Georges and Y.Meir, Electronic Correlations in Transport through coupled Quantum Dots.Phys. Rev. Lett.,1999, 82: 3508-3511.
[45] Rosa López, Mahn-Soo Choi, and Ramón Aguado, Josephson current through a Kondo molecule. Phys. Rev. B, (2007),75(4), 045132-1-045312-6.
[46] H.Jeong, A.M.Chang and M .R. Melloch, The Kondo Effect in an Artificial Dot Molecule. Science, 2001, 293: 2221-2223.
[47] C.Jayaprakash, R.Krishnamurthy and J.W. Wilkins, Two-Impurity Kondo Problem. Phys. Rev. Lett.,1981, 47: 737-740.
[48] B.A.Jones and C.M. Varma, Study of Two Magnetic Impurities in a Fermi Gas. Phys. Rev. Lett.,1987, 58:843-846.
[49] B.A.Jones, C.M.Varma and J.W.Wilkins, Low-Temperature Properties of the Two Impurity Kondo Hamiltonian. Phys. Rev. Lett.,1988, 61:125-128.
[50] D.Loss and D.P.DiVincenzo, Quantum Computation with Quantum Dots. Phys. Rev. A, 1998, 57(1):120-126.
[51] R.Swrikowicz, J.Barnas, M.Wilcznski, Nonequilibrium Kondo effect in quantum dots. Phys. Rev. B, 2003, 68: 195318.
[52] T.Fujii, K.Ueda, Theory of the nonequilibrium Kondo effect in a quantum dot. Phys. E, 2004, 22: 498-501.
[53] O.Sakai and W.Izumida, Study on the Kondo effect in the tunneling phenomena through a quantum dot. Phys. B, 2003, 328: 125-130.
[54] M.Eto and Y.V.Nazarov, Scaling analysis of the Kondo effect in quantum dots with an even number of electrons. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 2002, 63: 1527-1530.
[55] 江浪,李洪祥,胡文平,等.分子电子器件中的单电子现象.化学通报, 2005, 68: 1-7.
[56] Sankar Das Sarma, Spintronics. American Scientist,2001,89:516-523.
[57] U. Fano, Effects of Configuration Interaction on Intensities and Phase Shifts. Phys. Rev. 1961,124(6): 1866-1878.
[58] 常加峰, 量子点和量子计算机. Jounal of World Science,2003,2:8-57.
[59] Y.Y.Wang,M.W.Wu,Control of spin coherence in semiconductor double quantum dots.2006,cond-mat/0601028.
[60] D.P.Divincenzo, G.Burkard, D.Loss et al, Quantum computation and spin electronics.1999, cond-mat/9911245.
[61] Z.S. Ma, Y. Zhu, X.Q. Li, T.H. Lin, and Z.B. Su, Photon-assisted Fano resonance and corresponding shot noise in a quantum dot. Phys. Rev. B, 2004,69(3), 045302-045308.
[62] V.Madhavan, W.Chen, T. Jamneala, M. F. Crommie, and N. S. Wingreen,Tunneling into a Single Magnetic Atom: Spectroscopic Evidence of the Kondo Resonance. Science,1998,280: 567-569.
[63] J. Kim, Jinhee Kim, Jae-Ryoung Kim, Jeong-O Lee, Jong Wan Park, Hye Mi So, Nam Kim, Kicheon Kang, Kyung-Hwa Yoo, and Ju-Jin Kim,Fano Resonance in Crossed Carbon Nanotubes. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2003, 90(16), 166403-166406.
[64] A.A. Clerk, X. Waintal, and P.W. Brouwer, Fano Resonances as a Probe of Phase Coherence in Quantum Dots.Phys. Rev. Lett., 2001,86(20): 4636-4639.
[65] J.F. Song, Y. Ochiai, and J.P. Bird, Fano resonances in open quantum dots and their application as spin filters. Appl. Phys. Lett., 2003,82(25): 4561-4563.
[66] 张平,薛其坤,谢心澄,相互作用量子点系统中的场致自旋电流.物理,2004.4:238-241.
[67] 李正中,固体理论(第二版),北京: 高等教育出版社, 2003, 403-411;533-546.
[68] 卫崇德,章立源,刘福绥编著.固体物理中的格林函数方法. 北京:高等教育出版社,1992 年版. 第 1-127 页.
[69] 蔡建华,量子统计的格林函数理论.北京:科学出版社,1982:1-227.
[70] A C Hewson, The Kondo Problem to Heavy Fermions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993, 197-203.
[71] 王怀玉,物理学中的格林函数方法.香港: 香港教科文出版有限公司,1998:65-141.
[72] G.D.Mahan, Many Particle Physics. New York: Plenum Press,1981:81-222.
[73] C Lacroix, Density of states for the Anderson model. J.F:Metal Phys.,1981,11: 2389-2397.
[74] Ding G H, Kim C K and Nahm K, Fano resonance in electron transport through parallel double quantum dots in the Kondo regime. Phys. Rev. B 2005,71(20): 205313-1205313-6.
[75] Ned S.Wingreen,Yigal Meir, Anderson model Out of equilibrium: Noncrossing approximation approach to transport through a quantum dot. Phys. Rev. B, 1994,49(16):11040-11052.
[76] Yigal Meir, Ned S.Wingreen, Patrick A.Lee, Transport through a Strongly Interaction Electron System: Theory of Periodic Conductance Oscillations. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1991,66(23):3048-3051.
[77] Tae-Suk Kim and S. Hershfield, Suppression of current in transport through parallel double quantum dots.Phys. Rev. B, 2001, 63(24):245326-1-245326-12
[78] Konstantin Kikoin and Yshai Avishai, Kondo Tunneling through Real and Artificial Molecules. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2001,86(10):2090-2093.
[79] Yoichi Tanaka and Norio Kawakami,Interference effects on Kondo-assisted transport through double quantum dots. Phys.Rev.B,2005,72(8): 085304-1 -085304-8.
[80] Apel V M Maria A. Davidovich1, E.V. Anda1,et al, Effect of topology on the transport properties of two interacting dots.2004, cond-mat/0404691.
[81] P. S. Cornaglia and D. R. Grempel,Strongly correlated regimes in a double quantum dot device. Phys. Rev. B, 2005, 71(7): 075305-1-075305-9.
[82] M. L. Ladrón de Guevara, F. Claro,and Pedro A. Orellana,Ghost Fano resonance in a double quantum dot molecule attached to leads. Phys. Rev. B, 2003, 67(19): 195335-1-195335-6.
[83] Bing Dong and X. L. Lei,Kondo-type transport through a quantum dot under magnetic fields.Phys. Rev. B, 2001,63(23): 235306-1-235306-6.
[84] M. E. Torio, K. Hallberg,A. H. Ceccatto,and C. R. Proetto,Kondo resonances and Fano antiresonances in transport through quantum dots. Phys. Rev. B, 2002 65(8): 085302-1-085302-5.
[85] Wu Shao Quan and Wang Shun Jin,Coherent coupling of double quantum dots embedded in a mesoscopic ring. Chin. Phys. Lett. 2003,20(9): 1574-1577.
[86] Chen Xiong Wen, Wu Shao Quan, Wang Peng and Sun Wei Li, Giant persistent current in a mesoscopic ring with parallel-coupled double quantum dots. Chin. Phys. Lett., 2004 21(5): 911-914.
[87] Konstantin Kikoin and Yshai Avishai, Kondo Tunneling through Real and Artificial Molecules. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2001 86(10) 2090-2093.
[88] Walter Hofstetter, Jürgen K?nig,and Herbert Schoeller, Kondo Correlations and the Fano Effect in Closed Aharonov-Bohm Interferometers. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2001 87(15): 156803-156806.
[89] Bogdan R. Bu?k a and Piotr Stefański, Fano and Kondo Resonance in Electronic Current through Nanodevices. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2001,86(22):5128-5131.
[90] Chi Feng and Li Shu Shen, Spin and charge currents through a quantum dot connected to ferromagnetic leads. Chin. Phys. Lett., 2005 22(8):2035-2038.
[91] Zhou Bo, Chen Xiong Wen, Li Tie, Nie Yu Mei and Wu Shao Quan, Persistent current in a mesoscopic ring side-attached with a quantum dot. Chin. Phys. Lett., 2005 22(11):2918-2921.
[92] Antti-Pekka Jauho, Ned S.Wingreen and Yigal Meir Time-dependent transport in interactiong and noninteracting resonant-tunneling systems. Phys. Rev. B, 1994, 50(8): 5528-5547.
[93] Y.Tanaka and N.Kawakami, Spin-polarized Transport through Double QuantumDots. J. Phys. Soc, 2004, 73:2795-2798.
[94] Ramón Aguado and David C. Langreth, Out-of-Equilibrium Kondo Effect in Double Quantum Dots. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2000, 85(9): 1946-1949.
[95] Ned S.Wingreen and Yigal Meir,Landauer formula for the current through an interacting electron region. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1992 68(16) 2512-2516.
[96] Alexander W. Holleitner,Robert H. Blick, Andreas K. Huttel, Karl Eber, Molecule Probing and Controlling the Bonds of an Artificial Molecule. Science, 2002, 297:70-72.
[97] Z. H. Xiong, Di Wu, Z. Valy Vardeny, Jing Shi,Giant magnetoresistance in organic spin-valves. Nature, 2004,427: 821-824.
[98] Van.der.Wiel W G, De Franceschi S, Fujisawa T, Elzerman J M, Tarucha S, Kouwenhoven L P, The Kondo Effect in the Unitary Limit. Science, 2000, 289: 2105-2108.
[99] Sasaki S, De Franceschi S, Elzerman J M, Van.der.Wiel W G, Eto M, Kondo effect in an integer-spin quantum dot. Nature, 2000, 405: 764-767.
[100] Walter Hofstetter, Jürgen K?nig, and Herbert Schoeller, Kondo Correlations and the Fano Effect in Closed Aharonov-Bohm Interferometers. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2001, 87(15):156803-156806.
[101] 吴绍全,何 忠,阎从华,谌雄文,孙威立,嵌入并联耦合双量子点介观环系统中的近藤效应.物理学报:2006,55(3),1413-1418.
[102] 吴绍全, 谌雄文, 王文梁,嵌入并联耦合量子点的介观环路的磁极化传输电流[J]. 四川师范大学学报:自然科学版,2006,29(1),74-77.
[103] 谌雄文, 贺达江, 吴绍全, 宋克慧,嵌入平行量子点的非平衡介观环路的极化电流.物理学报:2006,55(8):4287-4291.
[104] N. Sergueev,Qing-feng Sun, Hong Guo, B. G. Wang,and Jian Wang,Spin-polarized transport through a quantum dot: Anderson model with on-site Coulomb repulsion. Phys. Rev. B, 2002 ,65(16) 165303-1-165303-9.
[105] 邓宇翔, 颜晓红, 唐娜斯,量子点环的电子输运研究. 物理学报:2006,55(4): 2027-2032.
[106] A.C Hewson, The Kondo Problem to Heavy Fermions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993, 129-145.
[107] T. K. Ng,Nonlinear resonant tunneling through an Anderson impurity at low temperature. Phys. Rev. Lett.,1993, 70(23) 3635-3638.
[108] H. Wu, J. C. Cao, and Kang-Hun Ahn, Transport through a strongly correlated quantum dot with Fano interference. Phys. Rev. B, 2005, 72(16) 165313-1-165313-9.
[2] A C Hewson, The Kondo Problem to Heavy Fermions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993, 29-45.
[3] J. Kondo, Resistance minimum in dilute magnetic alloys. Prog Theory Phys., 1964, 32(1): 33-38.
[4] 李正中,固体理论(第二版),北京: 高等教育出版社, 2003, 417-426.
[5] P W Anderson, Localized Magnetic States in Metals. Phys. Rev., 1961, 124(1):41-53.
[6] A C Hewson, The Kondo Problem to Heavy Fermions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993, 11-27.
[7] 阎守胜,介观体系和介观物理.物理,2001,3:180-181.
[8] 王启明,微电子、光电子高技术的发展源于固体能带的基础性研究. 物理, 1998, 27(9): 534-537.
[9] 阎守胜,甘子钊主编,介观物理,北京: 北京大学出版社, 1995:1-5.
[10] S Tarucha D G, T. Austing, T. Honda, Shell Filling and Spin effects in a few Electron Quantum Dot. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1996, 77(17): 3613-3617.
[11] R. frano and M. S. Figueira, E. V, Anda, Fano resonance in electronic transport through a quantum wire a side- coupeled quantum dot: X-boson treatment. Phy.rev.2003, 67(15):155301(6).
[12] M A Kastner, Artificial Atoms. Physiscs Today, 1993, 46(1):24-31.
[13] Serguei Voroitsov, Eduarelo R. muccio, and Harod U. Baranges, Phonon Decoherence of a Double Quantum Dot Charge Qubit. 2004, cond-mat/0412190.
[14] P L Mceuen, Artificial Atoms: New Boxes for Electrons.Science, 1997, 278:1729-1730.
[15] 赵凤瑗,张春玲,王占国,半导体量子点及其应用(I). 物理,2004,33(4):249-255.
[16] 赵凤瑗,张春玲,王占国,半导体量子点及其应用(II). 物理,2004,33(5):327-328.
[17] A Yacoby, M. Heiblum, D. Mehallet al, Cohernce and Phase SensitiveMeasurements in a Quantum Dot. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1995, 74(20): 4047-4750.
[18] A Levy Yeyati, and M. Büttier, Aharonov-Bohm Oscillations in a Mesoscopic Ring with a Quantum Dot. Phys. Rev. B 1995, 52(20): 14360-14363.
[19] G.Hackenbroich, H. A. Weidenmüller, Transmission through a Quantum Dot in an Aharonov-Bohm Ring.Phys. Rev. Lett., 1996, 76(1): 110-113.
[20] A Yacoby, R. Schuster, and M. Heiblum, Phase Rigidity and h/2e Oscillations in a Single-Ring Aharonov-Bohm Experiment. Phys. Rev. B, 1996, 53(15): 9583-9586.
[21] C Bruder, Rosari Fazio, and Herbert Schhoeller, Aharonov-Bohm Oscillations and Resonant Tunneling in Strongly Correlated Quantum Dots. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1996, 76(1): 114-117.
[22] A. Yacoby, M. Heiblum, D. Mahalu and H. Shtrikman, Coherence and Phase Sensitive Measurements in a Quantum Dot. Phys. Rev. Lett.,1995,74(20): 4047-4750.
[23] R.Schuster, E.Buks, M. Heiblum, D. Mahalu, V. Umansky and H. Shtrikman, Phase Measurement in a Quantum Dot via a Double-Slit Interference Experiment.Nature,1997,238:417-420.
[24] T.K. Ng and P.A. Lee, On-Site Coulomb Repulsion and Resonant Tunneling.Phys. Rev. Lett., 1988, 61(15): 1768-1771.
[25] C.Beenakker, Theory of Coulomb-blockade oscillations in the conductance of a quantum dot.Phys. Rev. B,1991,44(4):1646-1656.
[26] Rosa Lo′pez and David Sa′nchez, Nonequilibrium Spintronic Transport through an Artificial Kondo Impurity:Conductance, Magnetoresistance, and Shot Noise. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2003,90(11): 116602-116605.
[27] J. Gores, D. Goldhaber-Gordon, S. Heemeyer, and M.A. Kastner, Fano resonances in electronic transport through a single-electron transistor. Phys. Rev. B2000,62(3): 2188-2194.
[28] H. Beutler, Fano lineshapes of widely varying asymmetry. Z. Phys. 1934,91(4):132-143.
[29] L. I. Glazman and M.E. Raikh, Resonant Kondo Transparency of Barrier with Quasilocal Impurity States. JETP Letters, 1988,47(3):452-455.
[30] H. Jeong, A. M. Chang and M. R. Melloch, The Kondo Effect in an Artificial Quantum Dot Molecule. Science, 2001, 293(5538): 2221-2223.
[31] P G Silvesterov and Y. Imry, Towards an Explanation of the Mesoscopic Double-Slit Experiment, a New Model for charging of a Quantum Dot. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2000, 85(12): 2565-2568.
[32] H W Lee, Generic Transmission Zeros and In-Phase Resonances in Time-Reversal Symmetric Single Channel Transport. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1999, 82(11): 2358-2361.
[33] I Gómez, F Domínguez-Adame and P Orellana, Fano-like resonances in three-quantum-dot Aharonov-bohm rings.J. Phys: Condens. Matter, 2004, 16:1613-1621.
[34] D. V. Averin and Y. V. Nazarov, in Single Charge Tunneling, Plenum. Ser B,New York,1991,294:217-2470.
[35] T.K.Ng and P.A.Lee, On-Site Coulomb Repulsion and Resonant Tunneling.Phys. Rev. Lett.,1988, 6l:l768-1771.
[36] Y.Meir, N.S. Wingreen and P.A. Lee, Low-Temperature Transport Through a Qantum Dot.Phys. Rev. Lett., 1993, 70:2601-2604.
[37] N.S.Wingreen and Y.Meir, Anderson Model out of Equilibrium Noncrossing- Approximation Approach to Transport Through a Quantum Dot.Phys. Rev. B,1994, 49:11040-11052.
[38] S.Hershfield, J.H.Davies and J W .Wilkins, Probing the Kondo Resonance by Resonant Tunneling Through an Anderson Impurity. Phys. Rev. Lett.,1991, 67:3 720-3723.
[39] D.Goldhaber-Gordon et al.,Kondo Effect in a Single-Electron Transistor.Nature, 1998, 391:156-159.
[40] S.M.Cronenwett et al.,A Tunable Kondo Effect in Quantum Dots. Science,1998, 281:540-544.
[41] W.G.van der Wiel et al.,Electron Transport through double Quantum Dots. e-Print archive, 2002,Cond- mat/ 02 05350(1-43).
[42] T.Aono and M.Eto, Kondo Resonant Spectra in Coupled Quantum Dots. Phys. Rev. B, 2001, 63:1253271-1—1253271-11.
[43] T.Aono and M.Eto, Kondo Resonant Spectra in Coupled Quantum Dots Under Magnetic Fields. Phys.Rev.B,2001, 64: 073307-1-073307-4.
[44] A.Georges and Y.Meir, Electronic Correlations in Transport through coupled Quantum Dots.Phys. Rev. Lett.,1999, 82: 3508-3511.
[45] Rosa López, Mahn-Soo Choi, and Ramón Aguado, Josephson current through a Kondo molecule. Phys. Rev. B, (2007),75(4), 045132-1-045312-6.
[46] H.Jeong, A.M.Chang and M .R. Melloch, The Kondo Effect in an Artificial Dot Molecule. Science, 2001, 293: 2221-2223.
[47] C.Jayaprakash, R.Krishnamurthy and J.W. Wilkins, Two-Impurity Kondo Problem. Phys. Rev. Lett.,1981, 47: 737-740.
[48] B.A.Jones and C.M. Varma, Study of Two Magnetic Impurities in a Fermi Gas. Phys. Rev. Lett.,1987, 58:843-846.
[49] B.A.Jones, C.M.Varma and J.W.Wilkins, Low-Temperature Properties of the Two Impurity Kondo Hamiltonian. Phys. Rev. Lett.,1988, 61:125-128.
[50] D.Loss and D.P.DiVincenzo, Quantum Computation with Quantum Dots. Phys. Rev. A, 1998, 57(1):120-126.
[51] R.Swrikowicz, J.Barnas, M.Wilcznski, Nonequilibrium Kondo effect in quantum dots. Phys. Rev. B, 2003, 68: 195318.
[52] T.Fujii, K.Ueda, Theory of the nonequilibrium Kondo effect in a quantum dot. Phys. E, 2004, 22: 498-501.
[53] O.Sakai and W.Izumida, Study on the Kondo effect in the tunneling phenomena through a quantum dot. Phys. B, 2003, 328: 125-130.
[54] M.Eto and Y.V.Nazarov, Scaling analysis of the Kondo effect in quantum dots with an even number of electrons. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 2002, 63: 1527-1530.
[55] 江浪,李洪祥,胡文平,等.分子电子器件中的单电子现象.化学通报, 2005, 68: 1-7.
[56] Sankar Das Sarma, Spintronics. American Scientist,2001,89:516-523.
[57] U. Fano, Effects of Configuration Interaction on Intensities and Phase Shifts. Phys. Rev. 1961,124(6): 1866-1878.
[58] 常加峰, 量子点和量子计算机. Jounal of World Science,2003,2:8-57.
[59] Y.Y.Wang,M.W.Wu,Control of spin coherence in semiconductor double quantum dots.2006,cond-mat/0601028.
[60] D.P.Divincenzo, G.Burkard, D.Loss et al, Quantum computation and spin electronics.1999, cond-mat/9911245.
[61] Z.S. Ma, Y. Zhu, X.Q. Li, T.H. Lin, and Z.B. Su, Photon-assisted Fano resonance and corresponding shot noise in a quantum dot. Phys. Rev. B, 2004,69(3), 045302-045308.
[62] V.Madhavan, W.Chen, T. Jamneala, M. F. Crommie, and N. S. Wingreen,Tunneling into a Single Magnetic Atom: Spectroscopic Evidence of the Kondo Resonance. Science,1998,280: 567-569.
[63] J. Kim, Jinhee Kim, Jae-Ryoung Kim, Jeong-O Lee, Jong Wan Park, Hye Mi So, Nam Kim, Kicheon Kang, Kyung-Hwa Yoo, and Ju-Jin Kim,Fano Resonance in Crossed Carbon Nanotubes. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2003, 90(16), 166403-166406.
[64] A.A. Clerk, X. Waintal, and P.W. Brouwer, Fano Resonances as a Probe of Phase Coherence in Quantum Dots.Phys. Rev. Lett., 2001,86(20): 4636-4639.
[65] J.F. Song, Y. Ochiai, and J.P. Bird, Fano resonances in open quantum dots and their application as spin filters. Appl. Phys. Lett., 2003,82(25): 4561-4563.
[66] 张平,薛其坤,谢心澄,相互作用量子点系统中的场致自旋电流.物理,2004.4:238-241.
[67] 李正中,固体理论(第二版),北京: 高等教育出版社, 2003, 403-411;533-546.
[68] 卫崇德,章立源,刘福绥编著.固体物理中的格林函数方法. 北京:高等教育出版社,1992 年版. 第 1-127 页.
[69] 蔡建华,量子统计的格林函数理论.北京:科学出版社,1982:1-227.
[70] A C Hewson, The Kondo Problem to Heavy Fermions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993, 197-203.
[71] 王怀玉,物理学中的格林函数方法.香港: 香港教科文出版有限公司,1998:65-141.
[72] G.D.Mahan, Many Particle Physics. New York: Plenum Press,1981:81-222.
[73] C Lacroix, Density of states for the Anderson model. J.F:Metal Phys.,1981,11: 2389-2397.
[74] Ding G H, Kim C K and Nahm K, Fano resonance in electron transport through parallel double quantum dots in the Kondo regime. Phys. Rev. B 2005,71(20): 205313-1205313-6.
[75] Ned S.Wingreen,Yigal Meir, Anderson model Out of equilibrium: Noncrossing approximation approach to transport through a quantum dot. Phys. Rev. B, 1994,49(16):11040-11052.
[76] Yigal Meir, Ned S.Wingreen, Patrick A.Lee, Transport through a Strongly Interaction Electron System: Theory of Periodic Conductance Oscillations. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1991,66(23):3048-3051.
[77] Tae-Suk Kim and S. Hershfield, Suppression of current in transport through parallel double quantum dots.Phys. Rev. B, 2001, 63(24):245326-1-245326-12
[78] Konstantin Kikoin and Yshai Avishai, Kondo Tunneling through Real and Artificial Molecules. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2001,86(10):2090-2093.
[79] Yoichi Tanaka and Norio Kawakami,Interference effects on Kondo-assisted transport through double quantum dots. Phys.Rev.B,2005,72(8): 085304-1 -085304-8.
[80] Apel V M Maria A. Davidovich1, E.V. Anda1,et al, Effect of topology on the transport properties of two interacting dots.2004, cond-mat/0404691.
[81] P. S. Cornaglia and D. R. Grempel,Strongly correlated regimes in a double quantum dot device. Phys. Rev. B, 2005, 71(7): 075305-1-075305-9.
[82] M. L. Ladrón de Guevara, F. Claro,and Pedro A. Orellana,Ghost Fano resonance in a double quantum dot molecule attached to leads. Phys. Rev. B, 2003, 67(19): 195335-1-195335-6.
[83] Bing Dong and X. L. Lei,Kondo-type transport through a quantum dot under magnetic fields.Phys. Rev. B, 2001,63(23): 235306-1-235306-6.
[84] M. E. Torio, K. Hallberg,A. H. Ceccatto,and C. R. Proetto,Kondo resonances and Fano antiresonances in transport through quantum dots. Phys. Rev. B, 2002 65(8): 085302-1-085302-5.
[85] Wu Shao Quan and Wang Shun Jin,Coherent coupling of double quantum dots embedded in a mesoscopic ring. Chin. Phys. Lett. 2003,20(9): 1574-1577.
[86] Chen Xiong Wen, Wu Shao Quan, Wang Peng and Sun Wei Li, Giant persistent current in a mesoscopic ring with parallel-coupled double quantum dots. Chin. Phys. Lett., 2004 21(5): 911-914.
[87] Konstantin Kikoin and Yshai Avishai, Kondo Tunneling through Real and Artificial Molecules. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2001 86(10) 2090-2093.
[88] Walter Hofstetter, Jürgen K?nig,and Herbert Schoeller, Kondo Correlations and the Fano Effect in Closed Aharonov-Bohm Interferometers. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2001 87(15): 156803-156806.
[89] Bogdan R. Bu?k a and Piotr Stefański, Fano and Kondo Resonance in Electronic Current through Nanodevices. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2001,86(22):5128-5131.
[90] Chi Feng and Li Shu Shen, Spin and charge currents through a quantum dot connected to ferromagnetic leads. Chin. Phys. Lett., 2005 22(8):2035-2038.
[91] Zhou Bo, Chen Xiong Wen, Li Tie, Nie Yu Mei and Wu Shao Quan, Persistent current in a mesoscopic ring side-attached with a quantum dot. Chin. Phys. Lett., 2005 22(11):2918-2921.
[92] Antti-Pekka Jauho, Ned S.Wingreen and Yigal Meir Time-dependent transport in interactiong and noninteracting resonant-tunneling systems. Phys. Rev. B, 1994, 50(8): 5528-5547.
[93] Y.Tanaka and N.Kawakami, Spin-polarized Transport through Double QuantumDots. J. Phys. Soc, 2004, 73:2795-2798.
[94] Ramón Aguado and David C. Langreth, Out-of-Equilibrium Kondo Effect in Double Quantum Dots. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2000, 85(9): 1946-1949.
[95] Ned S.Wingreen and Yigal Meir,Landauer formula for the current through an interacting electron region. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1992 68(16) 2512-2516.
[96] Alexander W. Holleitner,Robert H. Blick, Andreas K. Huttel, Karl Eber, Molecule Probing and Controlling the Bonds of an Artificial Molecule. Science, 2002, 297:70-72.
[97] Z. H. Xiong, Di Wu, Z. Valy Vardeny, Jing Shi,Giant magnetoresistance in organic spin-valves. Nature, 2004,427: 821-824.
[98] Van.der.Wiel W G, De Franceschi S, Fujisawa T, Elzerman J M, Tarucha S, Kouwenhoven L P, The Kondo Effect in the Unitary Limit. Science, 2000, 289: 2105-2108.
[99] Sasaki S, De Franceschi S, Elzerman J M, Van.der.Wiel W G, Eto M, Kondo effect in an integer-spin quantum dot. Nature, 2000, 405: 764-767.
[100] Walter Hofstetter, Jürgen K?nig, and Herbert Schoeller, Kondo Correlations and the Fano Effect in Closed Aharonov-Bohm Interferometers. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2001, 87(15):156803-156806.
[101] 吴绍全,何 忠,阎从华,谌雄文,孙威立,嵌入并联耦合双量子点介观环系统中的近藤效应.物理学报:2006,55(3),1413-1418.
[102] 吴绍全, 谌雄文, 王文梁,嵌入并联耦合量子点的介观环路的磁极化传输电流[J]. 四川师范大学学报:自然科学版,2006,29(1),74-77.
[103] 谌雄文, 贺达江, 吴绍全, 宋克慧,嵌入平行量子点的非平衡介观环路的极化电流.物理学报:2006,55(8):4287-4291.
[104] N. Sergueev,Qing-feng Sun, Hong Guo, B. G. Wang,and Jian Wang,Spin-polarized transport through a quantum dot: Anderson model with on-site Coulomb repulsion. Phys. Rev. B, 2002 ,65(16) 165303-1-165303-9.
[105] 邓宇翔, 颜晓红, 唐娜斯,量子点环的电子输运研究. 物理学报:2006,55(4): 2027-2032.
[106] A.C Hewson, The Kondo Problem to Heavy Fermions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993, 129-145.
[107] T. K. Ng,Nonlinear resonant tunneling through an Anderson impurity at low temperature. Phys. Rev. Lett.,1993, 70(23) 3635-3638.
[108] H. Wu, J. C. Cao, and Kang-Hun Ahn, Transport through a strongly correlated quantum dot with Fano interference. Phys. Rev. B, 2005, 72(16) 165313-1-165313-9.