新型串级调速系统的研究
|
摘要
晶闸管串级调速系统作为一种高效、节能的调速方案，具有装置结构简单、
维护容易、能实现连续平滑地调速等优点，尤其是对风机、泵类等大容量平方
转矩负载进行控制时，其节能效果是十分可观的。但对它提高功率因数和降低
谐波对电网污染却一直是困扰人们的课题。
本文首先从普通串调原理入手，简要分析了影响串调系统功率因数的主要
因素；在对三相四线双晶闸管串级调速、新型GTO串级调速等几种高功率方
案进行分析与比较的基础上，提出了一种新型三相四线制双IGBT串级调速控
制方案。
文中给出了系统的工作原理，详细分析了新型控制方案对系统功率因数的
改善情况；对系统中各个环节的参数进行了分析计算，给出了具体计算公式。
以80C196单片机为核心组成了全数字新型串级调速控制系统，针对该方案所
要求的控制和触发脉冲，设计了新型数字触发器。为了进一步证实该方案的正
确、可行性，本文首先用MATLAB软件对整个系统的动态性能进行了仿真与
分析；又借助ICAP软件，对改进后的逆变电路进行了仿真分析，并在此基础
上进行了实验验证。
计算分析及仿真结果表明，改进后串调方案能够较大程度地提高系统功率
因数；另外，由于逆变变压器容量较传统串调系统有明显减少，串调装置与电
网之间的能量交换大大减少，因此谐波对电网的污染在一定程度上得到抑制。
The slip energy recovery induction motor driving systems have been used for
many years for the speed control of large wound rotor induction motors. It provides
us a simple and efficient form of AC variable-speed drive, which is of special interest
for pumps, fans and other loads whose torque is proportional to the square of the
speed. Since it absorbs the reactive power from power line, the whole system has a
lower power factor, which affects its application in wide ranges.
In this paper, the basic principle of the conventional slip energy recovery
induction motor drive is discussed. Two kinds of slip energy recovery induction
motor driving systems with high factors are discussed, and the performance analysis
of these methods is compared. On the basis of above, a new type of three-phase and
four-line slip energy recovering drive is proposed. Its special feature is that the rotor
circuit doesn抰 absorb reactive power from power line, and on the other hand it can
provide reactive power, which raises the power factor of the whole system greatly.
This paper makes a concrete analysis of the working principles of this new
method. The improvements of power factor with this new method are studied in
greater detail. The parameter of each segment is calculated, and the particular
formulas are given. A new type of numerical slip energy recovering drive systems
controlled by 80C 196 Single-Chip microcomputer is composed. Be aimed at the
pulse signal of this new method, a numerical trigger is designed and verified by
means of simulation and tests.
The results produced by calculation and simulation shows that the news scheme
can raise power factor of the whole system in a great degree. In addition, the capacity
of the reverse transformer is smaller than that of conventional system, so the pollution
of power line caused by harmonics are restrained in certain degrees.
维护容易、能实现连续平滑地调速等优点，尤其是对风机、泵类等大容量平方
转矩负载进行控制时，其节能效果是十分可观的。但对它提高功率因数和降低
谐波对电网污染却一直是困扰人们的课题。
本文首先从普通串调原理入手，简要分析了影响串调系统功率因数的主要
因素；在对三相四线双晶闸管串级调速、新型GTO串级调速等几种高功率方
案进行分析与比较的基础上，提出了一种新型三相四线制双IGBT串级调速控
制方案。
文中给出了系统的工作原理，详细分析了新型控制方案对系统功率因数的
改善情况；对系统中各个环节的参数进行了分析计算，给出了具体计算公式。
以80C196单片机为核心组成了全数字新型串级调速控制系统，针对该方案所
要求的控制和触发脉冲，设计了新型数字触发器。为了进一步证实该方案的正
确、可行性，本文首先用MATLAB软件对整个系统的动态性能进行了仿真与
分析；又借助ICAP软件，对改进后的逆变电路进行了仿真分析，并在此基础
上进行了实验验证。
计算分析及仿真结果表明，改进后串调方案能够较大程度地提高系统功率
因数；另外，由于逆变变压器容量较传统串调系统有明显减少，串调装置与电
网之间的能量交换大大减少，因此谐波对电网的污染在一定程度上得到抑制。
The slip energy recovery induction motor driving systems have been used for
many years for the speed control of large wound rotor induction motors. It provides
us a simple and efficient form of AC variable-speed drive, which is of special interest
for pumps, fans and other loads whose torque is proportional to the square of the
speed. Since it absorbs the reactive power from power line, the whole system has a
lower power factor, which affects its application in wide ranges.
In this paper, the basic principle of the conventional slip energy recovery
induction motor drive is discussed. Two kinds of slip energy recovery induction
motor driving systems with high factors are discussed, and the performance analysis
of these methods is compared. On the basis of above, a new type of three-phase and
four-line slip energy recovering drive is proposed. Its special feature is that the rotor
circuit doesn抰 absorb reactive power from power line, and on the other hand it can
provide reactive power, which raises the power factor of the whole system greatly.
This paper makes a concrete analysis of the working principles of this new
method. The improvements of power factor with this new method are studied in
greater detail. The parameter of each segment is calculated, and the particular
formulas are given. A new type of numerical slip energy recovering drive systems
controlled by 80C 196 Single-Chip microcomputer is composed. Be aimed at the
pulse signal of this new method, a numerical trigger is designed and verified by
means of simulation and tests.
The results produced by calculation and simulation shows that the news scheme
can raise power factor of the whole system in a great degree. In addition, the capacity
of the reverse transformer is smaller than that of conventional system, so the pollution
of power line caused by harmonics are restrained in certain degrees.
引文
[1] 佟纯厚著．交流电动机晶闸管调速系统．北京：机械工业出版社，1998
[2] 何冠英著．电子逆变技术及交流电动机调速系统．北京：机械工业出版社， 1985
[3] 赵异波．电力电子器件发展概况及应用现状(下)．电工技术，1999，(10) ： 3-8
[4] 王志良．电力电子新器件及其应用技术．北京：国防工业出版社，1995
[5] 马小亮．大功率风机、泵节能调速发展方向探讨．电气传动，1999，29：3-6
[6] 张立，黄两一．电力电子场控器件及其应用．北京：机械工业出版社，1996
[7] 何希才，江云霞．现代电力电子技术．北京：国防工业出版社，1996
[8] 俞苹，周观允．国内外电力电子技术发展综述．电力电子技术，1992，20(4) ： 25-28
[9] 魏泽国著．可控硅串级调速的原理及应用．北京：冶金工业出版社，1985
[10] 秦晓平，王克成著．感应电动机的双馈调速和串级调速．北京：机械工业 出版社，1990
[11] 付国军，于向东．矿井主扇新型节能控制系统的研究．电气传动，1988， (3) ： 184-191
[12] 诸祖同，洪定国，杨国权．新型GTO串级调速工业装置．电气传动，1989， (3) ： 165-169
[13] 杨中逵，沈伯昌，曾本兴．对改善串调功率因数两种方案的讨论．电气自 动化，1991，(4) ：42-44
[14] 陈道深，许大中．高功率因数异步电力晶闸管串级调速系统性能分析．电 工技术学报，1988，3(1) ：57-60
[15] 周国兴，陈德俭，张仲俊．斩波式逆变器串级调速系统．电气自动化，1985， (1-2) ： 32-36
[16] 毕绍中．逆变器短路控制式串级调速系统．电气自动化，1989，(5) ：11-14
[17] 王凯．无刷双馈电机及调速系统的研究：[硕士学位论文]．天津：天津大 学,1998
[18] 陈坚著．交流电机数学模型及调速系统．北京：国防工业出版社，1989
[19] 李序葆，赵永健著．电力电子器件及其应用．北京：机械工业出版社，1996
[20] 施阳，李俊，严卫生等著．MATLAB语言精要及动态仿真工具 SIMULINK．西安：西北工业大学出版社，1998
[21] 钟庆昌，于淑红，谢剑英．控制系统Simulink仿真技巧．电气自动化，1999， (3) ：28-30
[22] 潘留占．用PSPICE软件辅助分析电路问题．电工技术，1999，(3) :35-39
[23] 薛定宇著．控制系统计算机辅助设计．北京：清华大学出版社，1996
[24] 张广溢，惠毅．可控硅串级调速系统的工程设计．电气传动，1985，(1) ： 30-36
[25] 刘志强．全数字晶闸管直流调速系统的研究：[硕士学位论文]．天津：河 北工业大学，1995
[26] 王巧玲．一种新型数制化电源的研究：[硕士学位论文]．天津：河北工业 大学，1999
[27] 刘复华．8098单片机及其应用系统设计．北京：清华大学出版社，1993
[28] 孙涵芳．Intel 16位单片机．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1998
[29] Zhang Guangyi, Li Hongjie. The Performance Analysis of A Chopper Controlled Thyristor Scherbius. In: Li Qingfu, Chen Shikun. Proceedings of the third chinese international conference on Electrical Machines. Xi'an: International Academic Publishers, 1999, 803-806
[30] Song Guiying, Zhu Junqiao, Jia Junlin. Application of IGBT Chopper in Cascade Speed Regulation System. In: Li Qingfu, Chen Shikun. Proceedings of the third chinese international conference on Electrical Machines. Xi'an: International Academic Publishers, 1999, 791-794
[31] Pragasen Pillay, Larbi Refoufi. Calculation of Energy Induction Motor Drive Behavior Using the Equivalent Circuit. IEEE Trans on Industry Application, 1994, 30: 154-163
[32] Akpjnar E, Pillay P. A Computer Program To Predict The Performance of Slip Energy Induction Motor Drives. IEEE Trans on Energy Conversion, 1990, 5: 357-365
[33] Akpjnar E, Pillay P. Modeling And Performance of Slip Energy Recovery Induction Motor Drives. IEEE Trans on Energy Conversion, 1990, 5: 203-210
[34] Al Zahawi B A T, Jones B L, Drury W. Analysis and simulatiion of static Kramer drive under steady-state conditions. IEE Proceedings B Electric Power Application, 1989, 136(11) : 281-291
[35] Al Zahawi B A T, Jones B L, Drury W. Effect of rotor rectifier on motor performance in slip energy drive. Canadian Electrical Engineering Journal, 1987, (12) : 43-47
[36] Taniguchi K, Mori H. Application of a power Chopper to the Thyristor Scherbius. IEE Proceedings B Electric Power Application, 1986, 133(4) : 56-61
[2] 何冠英著．电子逆变技术及交流电动机调速系统．北京：机械工业出版社， 1985
[3] 赵异波．电力电子器件发展概况及应用现状(下)．电工技术，1999，(10) ： 3-8
[4] 王志良．电力电子新器件及其应用技术．北京：国防工业出版社，1995
[5] 马小亮．大功率风机、泵节能调速发展方向探讨．电气传动，1999，29：3-6
[6] 张立，黄两一．电力电子场控器件及其应用．北京：机械工业出版社，1996
[7] 何希才，江云霞．现代电力电子技术．北京：国防工业出版社，1996
[8] 俞苹，周观允．国内外电力电子技术发展综述．电力电子技术，1992，20(4) ： 25-28
[9] 魏泽国著．可控硅串级调速的原理及应用．北京：冶金工业出版社，1985
[10] 秦晓平，王克成著．感应电动机的双馈调速和串级调速．北京：机械工业 出版社，1990
[11] 付国军，于向东．矿井主扇新型节能控制系统的研究．电气传动，1988， (3) ： 184-191
[12] 诸祖同，洪定国，杨国权．新型GTO串级调速工业装置．电气传动，1989， (3) ： 165-169
[13] 杨中逵，沈伯昌，曾本兴．对改善串调功率因数两种方案的讨论．电气自 动化，1991，(4) ：42-44
[14] 陈道深，许大中．高功率因数异步电力晶闸管串级调速系统性能分析．电 工技术学报，1988，3(1) ：57-60
[15] 周国兴，陈德俭，张仲俊．斩波式逆变器串级调速系统．电气自动化，1985， (1-2) ： 32-36
[16] 毕绍中．逆变器短路控制式串级调速系统．电气自动化，1989，(5) ：11-14
[17] 王凯．无刷双馈电机及调速系统的研究：[硕士学位论文]．天津：天津大 学,1998
[18] 陈坚著．交流电机数学模型及调速系统．北京：国防工业出版社，1989
[19] 李序葆，赵永健著．电力电子器件及其应用．北京：机械工业出版社，1996
[20] 施阳，李俊，严卫生等著．MATLAB语言精要及动态仿真工具 SIMULINK．西安：西北工业大学出版社，1998
[21] 钟庆昌，于淑红，谢剑英．控制系统Simulink仿真技巧．电气自动化，1999， (3) ：28-30
[22] 潘留占．用PSPICE软件辅助分析电路问题．电工技术，1999，(3) :35-39
[23] 薛定宇著．控制系统计算机辅助设计．北京：清华大学出版社，1996
[24] 张广溢，惠毅．可控硅串级调速系统的工程设计．电气传动，1985，(1) ： 30-36
[25] 刘志强．全数字晶闸管直流调速系统的研究：[硕士学位论文]．天津：河 北工业大学，1995
[26] 王巧玲．一种新型数制化电源的研究：[硕士学位论文]．天津：河北工业 大学，1999
[27] 刘复华．8098单片机及其应用系统设计．北京：清华大学出版社，1993
[28] 孙涵芳．Intel 16位单片机．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1998
[29] Zhang Guangyi, Li Hongjie. The Performance Analysis of A Chopper Controlled Thyristor Scherbius. In: Li Qingfu, Chen Shikun. Proceedings of the third chinese international conference on Electrical Machines. Xi'an: International Academic Publishers, 1999, 803-806
[30] Song Guiying, Zhu Junqiao, Jia Junlin. Application of IGBT Chopper in Cascade Speed Regulation System. In: Li Qingfu, Chen Shikun. Proceedings of the third chinese international conference on Electrical Machines. Xi'an: International Academic Publishers, 1999, 791-794
[31] Pragasen Pillay, Larbi Refoufi. Calculation of Energy Induction Motor Drive Behavior Using the Equivalent Circuit. IEEE Trans on Industry Application, 1994, 30: 154-163
[32] Akpjnar E, Pillay P. A Computer Program To Predict The Performance of Slip Energy Induction Motor Drives. IEEE Trans on Energy Conversion, 1990, 5: 357-365
[33] Akpjnar E, Pillay P. Modeling And Performance of Slip Energy Recovery Induction Motor Drives. IEEE Trans on Energy Conversion, 1990, 5: 203-210
[34] Al Zahawi B A T, Jones B L, Drury W. Analysis and simulatiion of static Kramer drive under steady-state conditions. IEE Proceedings B Electric Power Application, 1989, 136(11) : 281-291
[35] Al Zahawi B A T, Jones B L, Drury W. Effect of rotor rectifier on motor performance in slip energy drive. Canadian Electrical Engineering Journal, 1987, (12) : 43-47
[36] Taniguchi K, Mori H. Application of a power Chopper to the Thyristor Scherbius. IEE Proceedings B Electric Power Application, 1986, 133(4) : 56-61