直线伺服电机驱动的压力机设计与研究
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摘要
目前在机械制造领域广泛采用的压力机多采用旋转电机进行驱动,整个装置体积庞大、成本较高和效率较低。直线电机技术是一种不需要通过中间任何转换装置的新颖电机。采用直线电机进行驱动可以有效改善压力机的性能,是新一代成形设备的发展方向。
本文结合直线电机的特点,根据串联组合增力机构的设计方法,分别设计了一级、二级和三级增力的压力机,同时根据科学美学的对称性理念,对部分装置采取总体结构对称布局。所进行的主要研究工作如下:
(1)综述了压力机的发展和研究现状,阐述了进行压力机创新设计和研究的必要性;
(2)对直线电机技术进行了较为系统的分析,从而可以充分利用直线电机的“电子飞轮”储能技术、可编程控制和精度高等优点;
(3)所设计的基于直线伺服电机驱动的双工位压力机,只用一个伺服电机就能实现两个工位的作业,机床的经济性好,生产效率高;
(4)采用对称设计的方法对增力机构进行创新设计,压头的径向受力平衡,大幅度地降低了摩擦损失,增强了压力机的力学性能;
(5)对串联组合增力自锁机构进行了较系统研究及创新设计,并给出了力学计算公式与技术性能曲线,以供工程技术领域的人员参考;
(6)对所有的设计方案,均给出了理论输出力和实际输出力的计算公式,为工程界进行相关计算提供了参考依据。
最后,本文对基于直线电机控制的压力机的进一步研究内容进行了分析和展望。
Currently, press machine being widely used in mechanical manufacturing industry is generally driven by rotary motor and its whole system is bulky, costly and inefficient etc. linear motor technology is a new technology that doesn’t need any conversion device. The performance of press machine driven by linear motor can be improved effectively. And it is the development direction of new generation forming equipment.
In this paper, one-step, two-step, and three-step force-amplifier press machines are designed respectively according to the design method of series combination of force amplifier, combining the characteristics of linear motor. At the same time, overall structure of the symmetrical layout is applied for the part of device according to the symmetry concept of science and aesthetics. The main research work is as below:
(1) The development and research status of the press machine is summarized and the necessity of press machine’s innovative design and research is presented.
(2) The linear motor technology is analyzed systematically. So the advantage of linear motor "electronic flywheel" energy storage technology, programmable control and high precision can be used fully.
(3) Double-position press machine driven by linear servo motor can achieve two-station operation with one servo motor and its economy is good and production efficiency is high.
(4) Innovative force amplifier is designed with the method of symmetrical design. The radial load of its head is balanced and the friction loss is reduced significantly, but mechanical property of the press machine is enhanced.
(5) Overall study and innovative design is done for self-locking mechanism series combination of force amplifier. Besides, mechanical calculating formula and technical performance curve are given for the staffs in engineering and technical field reference.
(6) Theoretical and actual output force calculating formulas is given for all design solutions for related calculating in engineer field reference.
Finally, the further study and outlook for the press machine which based on linear motor control are done.
本文结合直线电机的特点,根据串联组合增力机构的设计方法,分别设计了一级、二级和三级增力的压力机,同时根据科学美学的对称性理念,对部分装置采取总体结构对称布局。所进行的主要研究工作如下:
(1)综述了压力机的发展和研究现状,阐述了进行压力机创新设计和研究的必要性;
(2)对直线电机技术进行了较为系统的分析,从而可以充分利用直线电机的“电子飞轮”储能技术、可编程控制和精度高等优点;
(3)所设计的基于直线伺服电机驱动的双工位压力机,只用一个伺服电机就能实现两个工位的作业,机床的经济性好,生产效率高;
(4)采用对称设计的方法对增力机构进行创新设计,压头的径向受力平衡,大幅度地降低了摩擦损失,增强了压力机的力学性能;
(5)对串联组合增力自锁机构进行了较系统研究及创新设计,并给出了力学计算公式与技术性能曲线,以供工程技术领域的人员参考;
(6)对所有的设计方案,均给出了理论输出力和实际输出力的计算公式,为工程界进行相关计算提供了参考依据。
最后,本文对基于直线电机控制的压力机的进一步研究内容进行了分析和展望。
Currently, press machine being widely used in mechanical manufacturing industry is generally driven by rotary motor and its whole system is bulky, costly and inefficient etc. linear motor technology is a new technology that doesn’t need any conversion device. The performance of press machine driven by linear motor can be improved effectively. And it is the development direction of new generation forming equipment.
In this paper, one-step, two-step, and three-step force-amplifier press machines are designed respectively according to the design method of series combination of force amplifier, combining the characteristics of linear motor. At the same time, overall structure of the symmetrical layout is applied for the part of device according to the symmetry concept of science and aesthetics. The main research work is as below:
(1) The development and research status of the press machine is summarized and the necessity of press machine’s innovative design and research is presented.
(2) The linear motor technology is analyzed systematically. So the advantage of linear motor "electronic flywheel" energy storage technology, programmable control and high precision can be used fully.
(3) Double-position press machine driven by linear servo motor can achieve two-station operation with one servo motor and its economy is good and production efficiency is high.
(4) Innovative force amplifier is designed with the method of symmetrical design. The radial load of its head is balanced and the friction loss is reduced significantly, but mechanical property of the press machine is enhanced.
(5) Overall study and innovative design is done for self-locking mechanism series combination of force amplifier. Besides, mechanical calculating formula and technical performance curve are given for the staffs in engineering and technical field reference.
(6) Theoretical and actual output force calculating formulas is given for all design solutions for related calculating in engineer field reference.
Finally, the further study and outlook for the press machine which based on linear motor control are done.
引文
[1]彭杰,王裕亮.大型压力机的交流变频调速.一重技术,1993(3),总(81):36-37.
[2]张柏霖,谢影明,肖曙红等.超高速切削的原理与应用.中国机械工程,1995,6(l):14-17.(永磁直线电机)
[3]郭庆鼎,王成元,周美文等.直线交流伺服系统的精密控制技术.机械工业出版社.2000.
[4]王伟进,陈红平.永磁直线交流伺服系统及其控制.微特电机,2004,3(2):26-28.
[5]赵升吨,王二郎,尚春阳等.JH 23- 63型冲床的PLC控制[ J].制造业自动化, 2001, 23(234):59-62.
[6]孙友松,周先辉,黎勉,魏良模,黄开胜,何宏肃.交流伺服压力机及其关键技术.锻压技术, 2008, 33(4):1-8.
[7]邵晓强.直线电机现状与发展方向.电气技术,2006,(7):58-60.
[8]蒋薏,庄丽阳,唐通咛.直线电机在数控机床中的应用.伺服控制,2007,(3):47-49.
[9]柏青、钟康民.基于直线电机驱动的三级增力压紧装置.机械制造,2007,(9):65-66.
[10]苏东宁,钟康民.对称布局的铰杆-杠杆-铰杆三级串联力放大机构及其应用.机床与液压,2007,(8).
[11]王明娣,司广据,钟康民,苏东宁.无杆活塞气压缸驱动的二次正交铰杆增力压力机.机械设计与制造.2007,(12):16-18.
[12]窦云霞,钟康民.基于滚动高副的双边铰杆增力双向作用液压-机械复合传动压力机.机床与液压, 2009(6):102-103,73.
[13]窦云霞,钟康民.铰杆-杠杆串联增力液压-机械复合传动压力机.制造技术与机床,2009(8):54-55,53.
[14]王金娥,窦云霞,钟康民.基于力放大机构toggle及无杆活塞缸的可重构气动压力机.工程设计学报,2009,16(4):242-246.
[15]Zhong Kangmin, Dou Yunxia, Su Dongning, Wang Hongyan. CNC Press Based on the High-Speed Linear Servo Motor and Two-stage Symmetrical Orthogonal Toggle Force Amplifying Mechanism. Proceedings of ASME2009 International Mechanical EngineeringCongress and Exposition.
[16]孙承峰,钟康民.解决铰杆-杠杆增力液压夹具自由度不足的新方法-滚动高副取代低副法.机床与液压. 2008, 36(10):255～256.
[17]林文焕,陈本通.机床夹具设计[M].北京:国防工业出版社, 1987.
[18]刘文剑.夹具工程师手册[M].黑龙江:黑龙江科学技术出版社, 1992.
[19]机床设计手册编写组.机床设计手册[M].中国北京:机械工业出版社.1986.
[20]曹华,钟康民.对称型齿条-齿轮-铰杆机构在液压传动中的应用.新技术新工艺,2004(10):43-44.
[21]柏青,钟康民.直线电机驱动的杠杆式双作用双级传动增压装置.轻工机械2008,26(3):79-81.
[22]柏青,钟康民.直线电机驱动的二级增力压紧装置.轻工机械,2008,26(5): 100-101.
[23]柏青,钟康民.直线电机驱动的新型二级增力压紧装置.轻工机械,2008,26(4):87-88,94.
[24]柏青,钟康民.新型直线电机驱动的双级液压增压装置.轻工机械,2008,(1):89-90.
[25]柏青,钟康民.直线电机驱动的杠杆式双作用双级液压增压装置.轻工机械,2008(3):79-80.
[26]柏青、钟康民。基于直线电机驱动的四级正交增力装置.轻工机械。2008(06):104-106.
[27]陈志嵩,钟康民.铰杆-杠杆串联组合机构分析及其应用.机械设计.2010, 1:57～58,63.
[28]苏东宁.铰杆增力机构中滑柱力学模型及计算公式的改善[J].济南大学学报,2003,17(1):35-37.
[29]唐中一,于今.顾庆详编著.复合传动与控制[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2004.
[30] Zhong Kangmin, Guo Peiquan. Orthogonal reinforcement mechanism. and hydraulic drive. In: Proceedings of tenth world congress on the theory of machines and mechanisms(Vol5)[J]. Oulu, Finland: Oulu University Press,1999,2037-2042
[31]钟康民.简论对称性美学思想指导下的机械设计创新.机械设计,2004(专辑):94-95,56.
[32]陆雯,钟康民.气动肌腱与铰杆增力机构的三种组合系统及其比较[J].机械设计,2005,(2).
[33]颜鸿森编著.机械装置的创造性设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2002.
[34]何德誉.曲柄压力机[J]北京:机械工业出版社,1981.
[35]飞思科技产品研发中心. MATLAB 6.5辅助优化计算与设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[36]罗建军. MATLAB教程[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[37] Shivpuri R.s.Yossifon. A servo motor driven multi-action Press for sheet metal Forming[J].International journal of Machinery tool Manufacture,1991,31:345-359.
[35] Shivpuri R.s.Yossifon. Analysis and comparison of selected rotary linkage drives for mechanical Press[J]. Intenationa1 Journa1 of Machinery tool Manufacture,1993,2:175-189.
[38]彭伟,钱志良,钟康民.二次正交连杆与齿轮齿条机构的手动加压设备.机电产品开发与创新,2007,20(6):88-89.
[39]高会生,李新叶,胡智奇.MATLAB原理与工程应用:With applications from mechanical,aerospace,electrical,and civil engineering[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[40]苏东宁等.三种单边正交增力液压夹具的技术性能的比较[J].机床与液压,2003(04):301-302.
[2]张柏霖,谢影明,肖曙红等.超高速切削的原理与应用.中国机械工程,1995,6(l):14-17.(永磁直线电机)
[3]郭庆鼎,王成元,周美文等.直线交流伺服系统的精密控制技术.机械工业出版社.2000.
[4]王伟进,陈红平.永磁直线交流伺服系统及其控制.微特电机,2004,3(2):26-28.
[5]赵升吨,王二郎,尚春阳等.JH 23- 63型冲床的PLC控制[ J].制造业自动化, 2001, 23(234):59-62.
[6]孙友松,周先辉,黎勉,魏良模,黄开胜,何宏肃.交流伺服压力机及其关键技术.锻压技术, 2008, 33(4):1-8.
[7]邵晓强.直线电机现状与发展方向.电气技术,2006,(7):58-60.
[8]蒋薏,庄丽阳,唐通咛.直线电机在数控机床中的应用.伺服控制,2007,(3):47-49.
[9]柏青、钟康民.基于直线电机驱动的三级增力压紧装置.机械制造,2007,(9):65-66.
[10]苏东宁,钟康民.对称布局的铰杆-杠杆-铰杆三级串联力放大机构及其应用.机床与液压,2007,(8).
[11]王明娣,司广据,钟康民,苏东宁.无杆活塞气压缸驱动的二次正交铰杆增力压力机.机械设计与制造.2007,(12):16-18.
[12]窦云霞,钟康民.基于滚动高副的双边铰杆增力双向作用液压-机械复合传动压力机.机床与液压, 2009(6):102-103,73.
[13]窦云霞,钟康民.铰杆-杠杆串联增力液压-机械复合传动压力机.制造技术与机床,2009(8):54-55,53.
[14]王金娥,窦云霞,钟康民.基于力放大机构toggle及无杆活塞缸的可重构气动压力机.工程设计学报,2009,16(4):242-246.
[15]Zhong Kangmin, Dou Yunxia, Su Dongning, Wang Hongyan. CNC Press Based on the High-Speed Linear Servo Motor and Two-stage Symmetrical Orthogonal Toggle Force Amplifying Mechanism. Proceedings of ASME2009 International Mechanical EngineeringCongress and Exposition.
[16]孙承峰,钟康民.解决铰杆-杠杆增力液压夹具自由度不足的新方法-滚动高副取代低副法.机床与液压. 2008, 36(10):255～256.
[17]林文焕,陈本通.机床夹具设计[M].北京:国防工业出版社, 1987.
[18]刘文剑.夹具工程师手册[M].黑龙江:黑龙江科学技术出版社, 1992.
[19]机床设计手册编写组.机床设计手册[M].中国北京:机械工业出版社.1986.
[20]曹华,钟康民.对称型齿条-齿轮-铰杆机构在液压传动中的应用.新技术新工艺,2004(10):43-44.
[21]柏青,钟康民.直线电机驱动的杠杆式双作用双级传动增压装置.轻工机械2008,26(3):79-81.
[22]柏青,钟康民.直线电机驱动的二级增力压紧装置.轻工机械,2008,26(5): 100-101.
[23]柏青,钟康民.直线电机驱动的新型二级增力压紧装置.轻工机械,2008,26(4):87-88,94.
[24]柏青,钟康民.新型直线电机驱动的双级液压增压装置.轻工机械,2008,(1):89-90.
[25]柏青,钟康民.直线电机驱动的杠杆式双作用双级液压增压装置.轻工机械,2008(3):79-80.
[26]柏青、钟康民。基于直线电机驱动的四级正交增力装置.轻工机械。2008(06):104-106.
[27]陈志嵩,钟康民.铰杆-杠杆串联组合机构分析及其应用.机械设计.2010, 1:57～58,63.
[28]苏东宁.铰杆增力机构中滑柱力学模型及计算公式的改善[J].济南大学学报,2003,17(1):35-37.
[29]唐中一,于今.顾庆详编著.复合传动与控制[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2004.
[30] Zhong Kangmin, Guo Peiquan. Orthogonal reinforcement mechanism. and hydraulic drive. In: Proceedings of tenth world congress on the theory of machines and mechanisms(Vol5)[J]. Oulu, Finland: Oulu University Press,1999,2037-2042
[31]钟康民.简论对称性美学思想指导下的机械设计创新.机械设计,2004(专辑):94-95,56.
[32]陆雯,钟康民.气动肌腱与铰杆增力机构的三种组合系统及其比较[J].机械设计,2005,(2).
[33]颜鸿森编著.机械装置的创造性设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2002.
[34]何德誉.曲柄压力机[J]北京:机械工业出版社,1981.
[35]飞思科技产品研发中心. MATLAB 6.5辅助优化计算与设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[36]罗建军. MATLAB教程[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[37] Shivpuri R.s.Yossifon. A servo motor driven multi-action Press for sheet metal Forming[J].International journal of Machinery tool Manufacture,1991,31:345-359.
[35] Shivpuri R.s.Yossifon. Analysis and comparison of selected rotary linkage drives for mechanical Press[J]. Intenationa1 Journa1 of Machinery tool Manufacture,1993,2:175-189.
[38]彭伟,钱志良,钟康民.二次正交连杆与齿轮齿条机构的手动加压设备.机电产品开发与创新,2007,20(6):88-89.
[39]高会生,李新叶,胡智奇.MATLAB原理与工程应用:With applications from mechanical,aerospace,electrical,and civil engineering[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[40]苏东宁等.三种单边正交增力液压夹具的技术性能的比较[J].机床与液压,2003(04):301-302.