特高压串补装置开关操作引起的电磁瞬态过程研究
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摘要
1000kV晋东南(长治)-南阳-荆门特高压交流试验示范工程是我国目前自主设计的世界上运行电压最高、技术水平最先进、拥有自主知识产权的交流输电工程。为了提高该试验示范工程的输电能力、改善交流电网动态性能、增加系统稳定极限,国家电网公司所属科研单位成功研制了我国第一套、也是世界上第一套1000kV特高压固定串联补偿装置(简称为特高压串补装置),并已经正式投入商业运行。
然而,1000kV特高压串补装置进行开关操作时,不仅会在高电位平台上产生一次系统过电压和二次系统电磁骚扰,还会在邻近的1000kV特高压电容式分压器上产生瞬态电压和入地电流。在我国大力发展特高压事业、建设坚强电网架构的背景之下,面对世界首套1000kV特高压串补装置设计、研发和首批串补装置的试验、运行中出现的开关操作过电压和电磁兼容等技术难题,本文重点开展了以下研究工作：
第一,克服了高电位、强电磁环境下瞬态电压和电磁骚扰测量的一系列技术困难,提出了特高压串补装置高电位平台上瞬态电压和电磁骚扰的测量方法,并研发了瞬态电磁测量系统,开展了包括屏蔽效能、耐压、精度、电磁兼容抗扰度等一系列性能测试,验证了该测量系统可以适应于特高压串补装置高电位平台上的强电磁环境,具有光纤通信、独立电源供电、浮地测量、远程监控、负载效应小等特点。
第二,利用研发的瞬态电磁测量系统,在1000kV特高压串补装置真型试验平台上,开展了隔离开关操作试验研究,通过对大量的测量数据进行统计分析,揭示了隔离开关操作在1000kV特高压串补装置真型试验平台上产生的一次系统瞬态电压和二次系统电磁骚扰瞬态特性；还开展了真型试验平台上二次系统的接地方式试验研究,并提出了二次系统屏蔽电缆屏蔽层、穿心式电流互感器外壳和控制箱体的接地方式。部分研究成果已经应用于我国首个1000kV特高压串补装置的过电压抑制和电磁兼容设计。
第三,利用研发的瞬态电磁测量系统,开展了1000kV特高压串补装置真型试验平台隔离开关操作对邻近1000kV特高压电容式分压器影响的试验研究,通过对大量的测量数据进行统计分析,揭示了电容式分压器中压电压和入地电流的瞬态特性,提出了1000kV特高压电容式分压器能够安全运行的过电压和入地电流的限值要求；同时,开展了电容式分压器过电压和入地电流的抑制措施试验研究,研究结果表明,在电容式分压器高压端串联保护电感或保护电阻可以有效抑制其过电压和入地电流,为解决1000kV特高压变电站中串补装置与邻近电容式分压器的兼容运行问题提供了技术依据。
第四,提出了含部分电感的弱耦合T型部分元等效电路,编写了基于部分元等效电路法的MSCM(矩阵稀疏及电路建模)程序,通过对电路参数矩阵进行稀疏化处理,并生成与SPICE兼容的等效电路模型,实现了适合大规模多导体系统的电路参数提取和等效电路建模。算例说明,稀疏化的部分磁阻和部分电感矩阵的稀疏度都要绝对高于完整的部分磁阻和部分电感矩阵的稀疏度,且该方法在几乎不散失仿真准确度的情况下,提高了大规模多导体系统等效电路建模与仿真的效率。基于该方法和MSCM程序,建立了1000kV特高压串补装置本体的宽频等效电路模型,通过实验室模型和1000kV特高压串补真型试验平台的试验,验证了本文方法和程序的正确性和有效性,进而对1000kV特高压串补装置的旁路间隙击穿和隔离开关操作产生的电磁瞬态过程进行了仿真计算,并对采用非线性电阻并联脉冲电容器抑制平台过电压方案的有效性进行了评估。
第五,通过频域测量手段,采用两种不同的阻抗测量方法获得了1000kV特高压电容式分压器的宽频阻抗特性,并通过测量结果和仿真结果比较验证了宽频阻抗特性的有效性。基于特高压电容式分压器的宽频阻抗特性测量数据,利用编写的CMFI(频变阻抗电路建模)程序,建立了具有物理意义的1000kV特高压电容式分压器的宽频等效电路模型,通过定义电容式分压器的网络函数及对其进行灵敏度分析,提出了改进1000kV特高压电容式分压器工艺的若干建议,为优化设计提供了参考依据。结合1000kV特高压串补装置本体的宽频等效电路模型和1000kV特高压变电站一次系统的等效电路模型,研究了1000kV特高压串补装置隔离开关操作时在邻近1000kV特高压电容式分压器上产生的过电压和入地电流,分析评价了采取保护电阻或保护电感的抑制效果,为最终实现1000kV特高压变电站中串补装置与邻近1000kV电容式分压器的兼容运行提供了理论依据。
The self-designed1000-kV Ultra-high Voltage (UHV) AC electric power transmission pilot project from Changzhi in Shanxi Province to Jingmen in Hubei Province has the highest AC voltage level with the advanced technological content at present. To increase its power transmission capability, improve the dynamic performance and power system stability, research staff in State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC) developed the first set of1000-kV UHV series capacitor banks in the world, and now it has been put into operation.
However, in switching operation of UHV series capacitor banks, not only be transient primary-system overvoltage and secondary-system disturbance introduced, but transient overvoltage and current be caused on nearby capacitor voltage divider as well. Under the background of establishing robust physical power network and promoting UHV-related power industry, a series of technical problems such as switching overvoltage and electromagnetic compatibility arise in designing and developing the first set of1000-kV UHV series capacitor banks. Aiming at solving these problems, the principal content and achievements of this dissertation is listed as following:
First, a transient electromagnetic measurement system was developed and measurement method on high-potential platform of UHV series capacitor banks was proposed. A series of performance test including shielding effectiveness, voltage withstanding ability, electromagnetic immunity, etc. were carried out to verify the reliability and adaptability of the measurement system mounted on the high-potential platform of UHV series capacitor banks where the electromagnetic environment is very intense. Other functional characteristics of the transient electromagnetic measurement system featuring optical fibre communication, independent uninterrupted power supply, ungrounded measurement, remote monitor and control, low load impact, and so on.
Second, by applying the transient electromagnetic measurement system and using the1000-kV life-size experimental platform of UHV series capacitor banks, disconnecting switch experiment was carried out. Thereby, transient characterization of on-platform primary-system overvoltage and secondary-system disturbance was achieved after statistical analysis of experimental data. Furthermore, on-platform grounding schemes of the secondary system were investigated, and better grounding schemes of the shielded cable and secondary sytem were determined. Some of the experimental results had been applied in overvoltage suppression and EMC design of the first set of1000-kV UHV series capacitor banks.
Third, by utilizing the above-mentioned measurement system again, experiment was conducted in examining the impact of switching operation of1000-kV UHV series capacitor banks on nearby capacitor voltage divider. So transient characterization of voltage and current of1000-kV capacitor voltage divider was achieved, and corresponding endurable transient overvoltage and overcurrent level were given. At the same time, transients suppression schemes including inserting protective resistor and inductor in series with capacitor voltage divider were evaluated and verified in allievating transient overvotlage and current. The experimental results shed lights on compatible operation of series capacitor banks with its nearby capacitor voltage divider.
Fourth, a circuit modeling method with partial inductance featuring weakly coupled T-type element equivalent circuit was proposed. On this basis, a computer code MSCM (Matrix Sparsification and Circuit Modeling) was formed, which is used for sparsifying circuit parameter matrix and generating SPICE-compatible circuit model. It realizes that to extract circuit paramter matrix for a large-scale multiconductor system and to develop corresponding circuit model are possible. The numeric experiment reveals that the method increases the circuit simulation efficiency of large-scale multiconductor system significantly when maintains the same simualtion accuracy with full circuit parameter matrix. Applying this circuit modeling method and MSCM, the wideband circuit model of UHV series capacitor banks was established and verified both on laboratory model and1000-kV life-size UHV series capacitor banks. Thereby, the transient electromagnetic process due to bypass gap sparkover and disconnecting switch operation was simulated, and the on-platform overvoltage suppression effectiveness by using a nonlinear resistor in parallel with a pulse capacitor of was evaluated.
Fifth, the wideband impedance data of UHV capacitor voltage divider was measured in frequency domain using two different methods, and impedance simulation result was compared with measurement data to validate the impedance measurement data. In addition, a written computer code CMFI (Circuit Modeling for Frequency-dependent Impedance) was deployed to generate a wideband circuit model with physical denotation for the capacitor voltage divider. Furthmore, circuit network functions were defined to evaluate the performance of capcitor voltage divider and analyze its sensitivity around the designed value. Some proposals on improving the functionality of capacitor voltage divider were also derived, which helps improve the optimized design. Incorporated with the wideband circuit model of1000-kV UHV series capacitor banks, the transient process in capacitor voltage divider due to disconnecting switch operation was simulated, and the suppression method of transient grounding current of capacitor voltage divider was analyzed as well, which enlighten the compatible operation of series capacitor banks with nearby capacitor voltage divider in UHV substations.
然而,1000kV特高压串补装置进行开关操作时,不仅会在高电位平台上产生一次系统过电压和二次系统电磁骚扰,还会在邻近的1000kV特高压电容式分压器上产生瞬态电压和入地电流。在我国大力发展特高压事业、建设坚强电网架构的背景之下,面对世界首套1000kV特高压串补装置设计、研发和首批串补装置的试验、运行中出现的开关操作过电压和电磁兼容等技术难题,本文重点开展了以下研究工作：
第一,克服了高电位、强电磁环境下瞬态电压和电磁骚扰测量的一系列技术困难,提出了特高压串补装置高电位平台上瞬态电压和电磁骚扰的测量方法,并研发了瞬态电磁测量系统,开展了包括屏蔽效能、耐压、精度、电磁兼容抗扰度等一系列性能测试,验证了该测量系统可以适应于特高压串补装置高电位平台上的强电磁环境,具有光纤通信、独立电源供电、浮地测量、远程监控、负载效应小等特点。
第二,利用研发的瞬态电磁测量系统,在1000kV特高压串补装置真型试验平台上,开展了隔离开关操作试验研究,通过对大量的测量数据进行统计分析,揭示了隔离开关操作在1000kV特高压串补装置真型试验平台上产生的一次系统瞬态电压和二次系统电磁骚扰瞬态特性；还开展了真型试验平台上二次系统的接地方式试验研究,并提出了二次系统屏蔽电缆屏蔽层、穿心式电流互感器外壳和控制箱体的接地方式。部分研究成果已经应用于我国首个1000kV特高压串补装置的过电压抑制和电磁兼容设计。
第三,利用研发的瞬态电磁测量系统,开展了1000kV特高压串补装置真型试验平台隔离开关操作对邻近1000kV特高压电容式分压器影响的试验研究,通过对大量的测量数据进行统计分析,揭示了电容式分压器中压电压和入地电流的瞬态特性,提出了1000kV特高压电容式分压器能够安全运行的过电压和入地电流的限值要求；同时,开展了电容式分压器过电压和入地电流的抑制措施试验研究,研究结果表明,在电容式分压器高压端串联保护电感或保护电阻可以有效抑制其过电压和入地电流,为解决1000kV特高压变电站中串补装置与邻近电容式分压器的兼容运行问题提供了技术依据。
第四,提出了含部分电感的弱耦合T型部分元等效电路,编写了基于部分元等效电路法的MSCM(矩阵稀疏及电路建模)程序,通过对电路参数矩阵进行稀疏化处理,并生成与SPICE兼容的等效电路模型,实现了适合大规模多导体系统的电路参数提取和等效电路建模。算例说明,稀疏化的部分磁阻和部分电感矩阵的稀疏度都要绝对高于完整的部分磁阻和部分电感矩阵的稀疏度,且该方法在几乎不散失仿真准确度的情况下,提高了大规模多导体系统等效电路建模与仿真的效率。基于该方法和MSCM程序,建立了1000kV特高压串补装置本体的宽频等效电路模型,通过实验室模型和1000kV特高压串补真型试验平台的试验,验证了本文方法和程序的正确性和有效性,进而对1000kV特高压串补装置的旁路间隙击穿和隔离开关操作产生的电磁瞬态过程进行了仿真计算,并对采用非线性电阻并联脉冲电容器抑制平台过电压方案的有效性进行了评估。
第五,通过频域测量手段,采用两种不同的阻抗测量方法获得了1000kV特高压电容式分压器的宽频阻抗特性,并通过测量结果和仿真结果比较验证了宽频阻抗特性的有效性。基于特高压电容式分压器的宽频阻抗特性测量数据,利用编写的CMFI(频变阻抗电路建模)程序,建立了具有物理意义的1000kV特高压电容式分压器的宽频等效电路模型,通过定义电容式分压器的网络函数及对其进行灵敏度分析,提出了改进1000kV特高压电容式分压器工艺的若干建议,为优化设计提供了参考依据。结合1000kV特高压串补装置本体的宽频等效电路模型和1000kV特高压变电站一次系统的等效电路模型,研究了1000kV特高压串补装置隔离开关操作时在邻近1000kV特高压电容式分压器上产生的过电压和入地电流,分析评价了采取保护电阻或保护电感的抑制效果,为最终实现1000kV特高压变电站中串补装置与邻近1000kV电容式分压器的兼容运行提供了理论依据。
The self-designed1000-kV Ultra-high Voltage (UHV) AC electric power transmission pilot project from Changzhi in Shanxi Province to Jingmen in Hubei Province has the highest AC voltage level with the advanced technological content at present. To increase its power transmission capability, improve the dynamic performance and power system stability, research staff in State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC) developed the first set of1000-kV UHV series capacitor banks in the world, and now it has been put into operation.
However, in switching operation of UHV series capacitor banks, not only be transient primary-system overvoltage and secondary-system disturbance introduced, but transient overvoltage and current be caused on nearby capacitor voltage divider as well. Under the background of establishing robust physical power network and promoting UHV-related power industry, a series of technical problems such as switching overvoltage and electromagnetic compatibility arise in designing and developing the first set of1000-kV UHV series capacitor banks. Aiming at solving these problems, the principal content and achievements of this dissertation is listed as following:
First, a transient electromagnetic measurement system was developed and measurement method on high-potential platform of UHV series capacitor banks was proposed. A series of performance test including shielding effectiveness, voltage withstanding ability, electromagnetic immunity, etc. were carried out to verify the reliability and adaptability of the measurement system mounted on the high-potential platform of UHV series capacitor banks where the electromagnetic environment is very intense. Other functional characteristics of the transient electromagnetic measurement system featuring optical fibre communication, independent uninterrupted power supply, ungrounded measurement, remote monitor and control, low load impact, and so on.
Second, by applying the transient electromagnetic measurement system and using the1000-kV life-size experimental platform of UHV series capacitor banks, disconnecting switch experiment was carried out. Thereby, transient characterization of on-platform primary-system overvoltage and secondary-system disturbance was achieved after statistical analysis of experimental data. Furthermore, on-platform grounding schemes of the secondary system were investigated, and better grounding schemes of the shielded cable and secondary sytem were determined. Some of the experimental results had been applied in overvoltage suppression and EMC design of the first set of1000-kV UHV series capacitor banks.
Third, by utilizing the above-mentioned measurement system again, experiment was conducted in examining the impact of switching operation of1000-kV UHV series capacitor banks on nearby capacitor voltage divider. So transient characterization of voltage and current of1000-kV capacitor voltage divider was achieved, and corresponding endurable transient overvoltage and overcurrent level were given. At the same time, transients suppression schemes including inserting protective resistor and inductor in series with capacitor voltage divider were evaluated and verified in allievating transient overvotlage and current. The experimental results shed lights on compatible operation of series capacitor banks with its nearby capacitor voltage divider.
Fourth, a circuit modeling method with partial inductance featuring weakly coupled T-type element equivalent circuit was proposed. On this basis, a computer code MSCM (Matrix Sparsification and Circuit Modeling) was formed, which is used for sparsifying circuit parameter matrix and generating SPICE-compatible circuit model. It realizes that to extract circuit paramter matrix for a large-scale multiconductor system and to develop corresponding circuit model are possible. The numeric experiment reveals that the method increases the circuit simulation efficiency of large-scale multiconductor system significantly when maintains the same simualtion accuracy with full circuit parameter matrix. Applying this circuit modeling method and MSCM, the wideband circuit model of UHV series capacitor banks was established and verified both on laboratory model and1000-kV life-size UHV series capacitor banks. Thereby, the transient electromagnetic process due to bypass gap sparkover and disconnecting switch operation was simulated, and the on-platform overvoltage suppression effectiveness by using a nonlinear resistor in parallel with a pulse capacitor of was evaluated.
Fifth, the wideband impedance data of UHV capacitor voltage divider was measured in frequency domain using two different methods, and impedance simulation result was compared with measurement data to validate the impedance measurement data. In addition, a written computer code CMFI (Circuit Modeling for Frequency-dependent Impedance) was deployed to generate a wideband circuit model with physical denotation for the capacitor voltage divider. Furthmore, circuit network functions were defined to evaluate the performance of capcitor voltage divider and analyze its sensitivity around the designed value. Some proposals on improving the functionality of capacitor voltage divider were also derived, which helps improve the optimized design. Incorporated with the wideband circuit model of1000-kV UHV series capacitor banks, the transient process in capacitor voltage divider due to disconnecting switch operation was simulated, and the suppression method of transient grounding current of capacitor voltage divider was analyzed as well, which enlighten the compatible operation of series capacitor banks with nearby capacitor voltage divider in UHV substations.
引文
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