电厂热力系统节能分析的线性化处理及其改进
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摘要
本课题针对目前节能分析方法众多的情况而提出,目的在于揭示各种节能理论的内在联系,为研究热力系统分析方法的提供思路。在前人理论成果的基础上,本文建立了机组热经济性状态方程的通用计算模型。通过引入小扰动理论,推导出各类扰动对机组热经济性影响的通用分析模型,实现了系统热力特性的定量分析。此外,提出大、小扰动分析法的概念并实例验证了二者的误差,为定量解释小扰动的概念提供指导,也为将各种扰动按属性分类提供了定量依据。本文的研究结果对深入研究和发展节能理论具有重要意义,对电厂节能工作具有指导性。
The issue is proposed under the background that there are many energy-saving analysis theories in current. It is to reveal the internal relations in them and to provide an idea for the study of thermodynamic system analysis theory. On the basis of the production of predecessors, a general heat economy matrix model of unit can be built. By introducing small disturbance theory, the general analysis model of the heat economy which is affected by all kinds of disturbance of unit can be deduced, so the quantitative analysis of thermal property to the unit can be done. Furthermore, it puts forward the concept of the big and the small disturbance analysis methods and vertifies the error between them. It is not only provides guidance for quantificationally explaining the concept of small disturbance but also provide gist for classifying various disturbance by its attribute. The conclusion got in the paper is significant to the further study of energy-saving analysis theory. It is also instructive to energy-saving in power plant.
The issue is proposed under the background that there are many energy-saving analysis theories in current. It is to reveal the internal relations in them and to provide an idea for the study of thermodynamic system analysis theory. On the basis of the production of predecessors, a general heat economy matrix model of unit can be built. By introducing small disturbance theory, the general analysis model of the heat economy which is affected by all kinds of disturbance of unit can be deduced, so the quantitative analysis of thermal property to the unit can be done. Furthermore, it puts forward the concept of the big and the small disturbance analysis methods and vertifies the error between them. It is not only provides guidance for quantificationally explaining the concept of small disturbance but also provide gist for classifying various disturbance by its attribute. The conclusion got in the paper is significant to the further study of energy-saving analysis theory. It is also instructive to energy-saving in power plant.
引文
[1] 陆延昌,姜绍俊.21世纪初期中国电力工业展望.中国电力,2000,33(7):1～8
[2] 严峻杰,刑秦安.火电厂热力系统经济性诊断理论及应用.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2000
[3] 叶雷.2020年中国电力可持续发展战略研究.中国电力,2003,36(10):1～7
[4] 林万超.火电厂热系统节能理论.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1994
[5] 马芳礼.电厂热力系统节能分析原理.北京:水利电力出版社,1992
[6] 程伟良,陈党慧,徐寿臣,等.火电机组的热经济性分析.动力工程,2004,24(4):580～583
[7] Valero A,Correas L,Serra L.On-line thermoeconomic diagnosis of thermal power plants.In:Bejan,Mamnt,editors.NAT0 ASI on thermodynamics and optimization of cormplex energy system.New York:Kluwer Academic Publisher,1999:117～136
[8] Cheng Wei-liang,Wang Xiu-yan,Wang Jia-xuan.A review of thermoeconomic optimization methodology of energy systems part Ⅱ:a study on application of the methodology of the theory of structure.Editors in Chief:Hua Ben,Guo Zengyuan,Ma Chongfang.Proceedings of the 3rd international symposium on heat transfer and energy conservation.Guangzhou:South China University of Technology Press,2004:1327～1333
[9] Royo J,Zaleta A,Valero A.Thermoeconomic analysis of steam turbines:an approach to marginal cost allocation.Proceeding of ASME,1996,(36):437～444
[10] 陈国年,钟史明.电厂热力系统矩阵计算方法.汽轮机技术,1991,5(33): 39～45
[11] 陈海平,张树芳,邢德山,等.实际循环热效率矩阵分析法的研究.中国电力,1996,29(1):1～8
[12] 郭民臣,王清照,魏楠,等.电厂热力系统矩阵模型及其应用.热能动力工程,1997,12(2):103～106
[13] 陈国年,钟史明. 火电机组热力参数优化新方法——矩阵法.电力技术,1990,(8):28～32
[14] Salisbury.J.Kenneth.Steam turbine and their Cycles.Robert.E.Publishing Co,1974,Vol.12, No.4:601～613
[15] 王加璇.热力发电厂系统设计与运行.北京:中国电力出版社,1997,88～95
[16] 汪孟乐.火电厂热力系统分析.北京:水利电力出版社,1992,4～7
[17] 郑体宽.热力发电厂.北京:中国电力出版社,1992,127～143
[18] 叶涛.热力发电厂.北京:中国电力出版社,2004,152～162
[19] 崔映红,张燕敏,陈付军.火电厂热力系统级的划分方法研究.汽轮机技术,2006,48(6):407～409
[20] 张彦.联合分析法——电厂热力系统分析法的研究:[硕士学位论文].北京:华北电力大学,2000
[21] 张春发,郭臣民.电厂热力系统分析中的两个重要参数.工程热物理学报,1993,14(4):365～368.
[22] Zhang C F, Wang H J, Liu J Z. Small disturbance theory and its applications in the thermal-economic analysis of power plant. Proceedings of the International Conference on Power Engineering - 03, KOBE, 2003, vol.3(3): 3～420
[23] 田红景,谢飞,张春发,等.基于小扰动理论的火电厂机组耗差分析.华北电力大学学报,2006,33(3):51～53
[24] 张春发,张素香,崔映红,等.现行电力系统热经济性状态方程.工程热物理学报,2001,(11):665～667
[25] 陈海平,郭殿奎.火电厂热力系统经济运行在线监测系统.动力工程,1999,19(2):54～57
[26] 李娟,张春发.加热器端差对机组热经济性影响的改进计算模型.热力透平,2007,36(2):115～119
[27] Valero A.Torres C.Algebraic thermodynamic analysis of energy systems.American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Advanced Energy Systems Division (Publication) AES,Chicago,1988,v 7:13～23
[28] 郭江龙,张树芳,宋之平.基于能效分布矩阵方程的火电机组热力系统经济性分析方法.华北电力大学学报,2003,30(5):70～74
[29] 陈海平,石维柱,于淑梅,等.火电机组轴封渗漏及利用系统的通用计算方法.热能动力工程,2006,21(1):19～21,26
[30] 钟平,施延洲,王祝成.大型汽轮机高中压缸中间轴封漏汽量测试研究.热力发电,2006,35(1):44～47,51
[31] 廖开太.自密封系统经济性运行.汽轮机技术,2005,47(5):395～396
[32] 沈士一,庄贺庆,康松,等.汽轮机原理.北京:水利电力出版社,1992,112～122
[33] 张灿勇,马明礼.论应用小扰动理论与等效热降理论进行火电厂热力系统节能分析的一致性.山东电力技术,1996,(6):16～19
[34] 李娟,张春发.等效热降法和小扰动法在热经济性分析中的比较.江苏电机工程,2007,26(5):69～71
[35] 杨靖,张淑侠,邱春花,等.上安电厂高压加热器损坏的对策及收益.电力科学与工程,2005,(4):71～74
[36] 杨光智,王黎,许若超.流体临界状态的热力学性质及临界性质的计算.华北电力大学学报,2004,(6):44～46
[37] 陈海平,石维柱,于淑梅,等.火电机组轴封渗漏及利用系统的通用计算方法.热能动力工程,2006,6(1):19～21,26
[38] K.Salisbury. Steam Turbine and Their Cycle. Robert E.Krieger Publishing Co. NY.Reprint1994
[39] Valeo A,Torresc.a general Theory of Thermodynamic.Proceedings of Ecos'92: 137～154
[40] Zhang Chunfa etc. A Steam-Water Distribution Matrix Equation of the Whole Thermal System for Coal-Fired Power Plant and its General Construction Regulations.1999 Joint Power Generation Conference, PWR-Vol.34:497～503
[41] ThomasC Elliotl,Robort Swanekamp. Monitoring Power-plant Performance. Power, October 1994
[42] Shuichi Umezawa,Diagnosis of thermal efficiency of power station by heat balance analysis method,PWR.Vol 34,1999 Joint Power Generation Conference,ASME.
[2] 严峻杰,刑秦安.火电厂热力系统经济性诊断理论及应用.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2000
[3] 叶雷.2020年中国电力可持续发展战略研究.中国电力,2003,36(10):1～7
[4] 林万超.火电厂热系统节能理论.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1994
[5] 马芳礼.电厂热力系统节能分析原理.北京:水利电力出版社,1992
[6] 程伟良,陈党慧,徐寿臣,等.火电机组的热经济性分析.动力工程,2004,24(4):580～583
[7] Valero A,Correas L,Serra L.On-line thermoeconomic diagnosis of thermal power plants.In:Bejan,Mamnt,editors.NAT0 ASI on thermodynamics and optimization of cormplex energy system.New York:Kluwer Academic Publisher,1999:117～136
[8] Cheng Wei-liang,Wang Xiu-yan,Wang Jia-xuan.A review of thermoeconomic optimization methodology of energy systems part Ⅱ:a study on application of the methodology of the theory of structure.Editors in Chief:Hua Ben,Guo Zengyuan,Ma Chongfang.Proceedings of the 3rd international symposium on heat transfer and energy conservation.Guangzhou:South China University of Technology Press,2004:1327～1333
[9] Royo J,Zaleta A,Valero A.Thermoeconomic analysis of steam turbines:an approach to marginal cost allocation.Proceeding of ASME,1996,(36):437～444
[10] 陈国年,钟史明.电厂热力系统矩阵计算方法.汽轮机技术,1991,5(33): 39～45
[11] 陈海平,张树芳,邢德山,等.实际循环热效率矩阵分析法的研究.中国电力,1996,29(1):1～8
[12] 郭民臣,王清照,魏楠,等.电厂热力系统矩阵模型及其应用.热能动力工程,1997,12(2):103～106
[13] 陈国年,钟史明. 火电机组热力参数优化新方法——矩阵法.电力技术,1990,(8):28～32
[14] Salisbury.J.Kenneth.Steam turbine and their Cycles.Robert.E.Publishing Co,1974,Vol.12, No.4:601～613
[15] 王加璇.热力发电厂系统设计与运行.北京:中国电力出版社,1997,88～95
[16] 汪孟乐.火电厂热力系统分析.北京:水利电力出版社,1992,4～7
[17] 郑体宽.热力发电厂.北京:中国电力出版社,1992,127～143
[18] 叶涛.热力发电厂.北京:中国电力出版社,2004,152～162
[19] 崔映红,张燕敏,陈付军.火电厂热力系统级的划分方法研究.汽轮机技术,2006,48(6):407～409
[20] 张彦.联合分析法——电厂热力系统分析法的研究:[硕士学位论文].北京:华北电力大学,2000
[21] 张春发,郭臣民.电厂热力系统分析中的两个重要参数.工程热物理学报,1993,14(4):365～368.
[22] Zhang C F, Wang H J, Liu J Z. Small disturbance theory and its applications in the thermal-economic analysis of power plant. Proceedings of the International Conference on Power Engineering - 03, KOBE, 2003, vol.3(3): 3～420
[23] 田红景,谢飞,张春发,等.基于小扰动理论的火电厂机组耗差分析.华北电力大学学报,2006,33(3):51～53
[24] 张春发,张素香,崔映红,等.现行电力系统热经济性状态方程.工程热物理学报,2001,(11):665～667
[25] 陈海平,郭殿奎.火电厂热力系统经济运行在线监测系统.动力工程,1999,19(2):54～57
[26] 李娟,张春发.加热器端差对机组热经济性影响的改进计算模型.热力透平,2007,36(2):115～119
[27] Valero A.Torres C.Algebraic thermodynamic analysis of energy systems.American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Advanced Energy Systems Division (Publication) AES,Chicago,1988,v 7:13～23
[28] 郭江龙,张树芳,宋之平.基于能效分布矩阵方程的火电机组热力系统经济性分析方法.华北电力大学学报,2003,30(5):70～74
[29] 陈海平,石维柱,于淑梅,等.火电机组轴封渗漏及利用系统的通用计算方法.热能动力工程,2006,21(1):19～21,26
[30] 钟平,施延洲,王祝成.大型汽轮机高中压缸中间轴封漏汽量测试研究.热力发电,2006,35(1):44～47,51
[31] 廖开太.自密封系统经济性运行.汽轮机技术,2005,47(5):395～396
[32] 沈士一,庄贺庆,康松,等.汽轮机原理.北京:水利电力出版社,1992,112～122
[33] 张灿勇,马明礼.论应用小扰动理论与等效热降理论进行火电厂热力系统节能分析的一致性.山东电力技术,1996,(6):16～19
[34] 李娟,张春发.等效热降法和小扰动法在热经济性分析中的比较.江苏电机工程,2007,26(5):69～71
[35] 杨靖,张淑侠,邱春花,等.上安电厂高压加热器损坏的对策及收益.电力科学与工程,2005,(4):71～74
[36] 杨光智,王黎,许若超.流体临界状态的热力学性质及临界性质的计算.华北电力大学学报,2004,(6):44～46
[37] 陈海平,石维柱,于淑梅,等.火电机组轴封渗漏及利用系统的通用计算方法.热能动力工程,2006,6(1):19～21,26
[38] K.Salisbury. Steam Turbine and Their Cycle. Robert E.Krieger Publishing Co. NY.Reprint1994
[39] Valeo A,Torresc.a general Theory of Thermodynamic.Proceedings of Ecos'92: 137～154
[40] Zhang Chunfa etc. A Steam-Water Distribution Matrix Equation of the Whole Thermal System for Coal-Fired Power Plant and its General Construction Regulations.1999 Joint Power Generation Conference, PWR-Vol.34:497～503
[41] ThomasC Elliotl,Robort Swanekamp. Monitoring Power-plant Performance. Power, October 1994
[42] Shuichi Umezawa,Diagnosis of thermal efficiency of power station by heat balance analysis method,PWR.Vol 34,1999 Joint Power Generation Conference,ASME.