小浪底水库修建后黄河下游河道高效输沙水量研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
黄河以其灾害频繁、难以治理闻名于世,其主要原因是水少沙多导致泥沙在河床上大量沉积,河床逐年抬高、过洪能力降低。近年来,随着沿黄社会经济的发展,黄河问题更加突出。治理黄河、开发黄河,必须充分利用黄河有限的水资源,既最大限度地满足用水需求,又使下游河道严重淤积的状况有所改善,因此,本文着重研究了小浪底水库修建后黄河下游河道的高效输沙水量。
     通过分析总结黄河下游河道水沙特性与输沙水量研究成果,提出了新的输沙水量概念及计算方法,计算和分析了黄河下游河道输沙水量与单位输沙水量,并采用泥沙数学模型对小浪底水库修建后黄河下游河道高效输沙水量进行了研究。主要研究成果如下:
     (1)在以往输沙水量研究成果的基础上,从输沙机理分析着手,根据河道输水输沙实际过程,剖析径流量中各部分水量在泥沙输移中所起的作用,通过与净水量加以区别,提出了新的输沙水量概念,以及基于输沙效率的输沙量法、含沙量法和冲淤比修正法等输沙水量计算方法;
     (2)根据1950~2000年黄河下游河道的实测水沙资料,分析了1950~2000年汛期、非汛期、全年、洪水期以及三门峡水库不同运用时期黄河下游河道的水沙特性、冲淤变化及其影响因素,指出三门峡水库不同运用时期(1950~1959、1960~1973、1974~1985、1986~2000年)和1950~2000年整个下游河道汛期冲淤比为零时,小浪底站汛期临界平均流量分别为3110、3499、3701、3902和3349m~3/s,临界平均含沙量分别为30.13、27.72、18.72、15.18和23.98kg/m~3;各时期整个下游河道汛期冲淤比为20%时,小浪底站汛期平均流量分别为2038、2178、2356、2499和2224m~3/s,平均含沙量分别为49.19、43.70、34.96、30.17和41.06kg/m~3;
     (3)根据输沙水量的概念与计算方法,采用输沙量法、含沙量法和冲淤比修正法计算得到了1950~2000年下游河道输沙水量与单位输沙水量,分析了下游河道各时期输沙水量与单位输沙水量特性,探讨论了径流量、输沙量、流量、含沙量、冲淤量、来沙系数等因素对输沙水量的影响,建立了各站单位输沙水量与本站含沙量等因素的关系(如q′=k·S~m),指出三门峡水库不同运用时期(1950~1959、1960~1973、1974~1985、1986~2000年)及1950~2000年下游河道汛期高效单位输沙水量分别为17.25、19.40、24.18、27.99、20.63 m~3/t,高效输沙水量分别为183.76、
    
    中国水利水电科学研究院博士学位论文·小浪底水库修建后黄河下游河道高效输沙水量研究
    196.16、211.72、224.15、200.22亿m3;
     (4)利用泥沙数学模型对1974一1979年黄河下游河道天然水沙过程进行了优
    化,并分析了这些优化措施的减淤效果;通过小浪底水库适当调整水沙过程,使
    小浪底站大流量时段集中输沙,可以产生明显的减淤和节水效果;同样的输沙量,
    适当调整小浪底站水沙过程可以使减水率达到40%;
     (5)根据小浪底水库修建后可能出现的水沙情况,提出了小浪底水库修建后
    黄河下游河道高效输沙的水沙组合,通过泥沙数学模型计算、分析了采用这些水
    沙组合时黄河下游河道的冲淤情况,验证了高效输沙水量和高效输沙水沙组合的
    设计方法。小浪底水库修建后,通过小浪底水库适当调整水沙过程,小浪底站汛
    期输沙量分别为4.8和6.5亿t、平均含沙量分别为38.58、43.28k岁m,时,整个下
    游河道汛期冲淤比为20%,小浪底站汛期高效单位输沙水量分别为22.45和
    19.92m3lt,黄河下游河道高效输沙水量分别为107.76和129.51亿m3。
    关键词:黄河下游,径流量,输沙量,冲淤比,小浪底水库,
     输沙水量,单位输沙水量,高效输沙水量
The Yellow River is famous in the world for the high frequency of disaster and the difficulty to be controlled. The main reasons are insufficient water and excessive sediment, which lead to a large quantity of sedimentation, the raise of the bed level year by year, and the decrease of the flood-conveying capacity. Along with the economical development in the Yellow River basin in recent years, the problem of the Yellow River becomes more protruding. To harness and explore the Yellow River, we must make full use of the limited water recourse to best meet the water-consuming requirement as well as to improve the serious sedimentation in the lower Yellow River. Thus, the high efficient sediment-carrying water volume in the lower Yellow River after the construction of Xiaolangdi reservoir is emphatically studied in this dissertation.By analyzing and summarizing the characteristic of water-sand and sediment-carrying in the lower Yellcw River, new concepts and methods to calculate the sediment-carrying water volume are stated. The sediment-can-yuig water volume and unit sediment-carrying water volume in the lower Yellow River are then calculated. Finally, the high efficient sediment-carrying water volume in the lower Yellow River after the construction of Xiaolangdi reservoir is studied by using the sediment mathematic model. The main conclusions are as follows,(1) Based on previous research and commenced on the analyzing of sediment-carrying mechanism, the function of transporting sediment of every part in whole water volume is studied according to the real sediment-carrying process in channel. Apart from the net water volume, the new concept of sediment-carrying water volume and its calculating methods base on the sediment-carrying efficiency, such as the sediment-carrying volume, the sediment concentration and scouring-depositing ratio, are put forward.(2) According to the field data of sediment and water volume in the lower Yellow River from 1950 to 2000, the characteristic of water-sand and sediment-carrying in lower Yellow River in different periods and their influential factors are analyzed. In the flood seasons of 1950-1959, 1960-1973, 1974-1985, 1986-2000 and 1950-2000, when the scouring-depositing ratio in the whole lower Yellow River is 0, the critical discharges at Xiaolangdi station are 3110, 3499, 3701, 3902 and 3349m3/s respectively, and the corresponding critical sediment concentrations at Xiaolangdi station are 30.13, 27.72, 18.72, 15.18 and 23.98kg/m3. When the scouring-depositing ratio is 20%, the critical discharges at Xiaolangdi station are 2038, 2178, 2356, 2499 and 2224m3/s respectively, the corresponding critical sediment concentrations at Xiaolangdi station are 49.19, 43.70, 34.96, 30.17 and 41.06 kg/m3.(3) According to their concepts and calculating methods, the sediment-carrying water volume and unit sediment-carrying water volume in the lower Yellow River from 1950 to 2000 are calculated, meanwhile, their characteristic is analyzed. Moreover, the relations between them and
    
    their influential factors, such as volume of runoff and sediment, discharge, sediment concentration, sedimentation, etc., are investigated and an equation reflecting the relation between the unitsediment-carrying water volume and sediment concentration, is established, q'=k Sm. In theflood seasons of 1950-1959,1960-1973, 1974-1985,1986-2000 and 1950-2000, the high efficient unit sediment-carrying water volumes of the lower Yellow River are 17.25, 19.40, 24.18, 27.99 and 20.63 m3/t respectively, the corresponding high efficient sand-transport water volumes are 183.76, 196.16,211.72, 224.18 and 200.22 10V.(4) Based on the real happened water-sand series in the lower Yellow River from 1974 to 1979, the optimized water-sediment combinations are studied by the sediment mathematic model. The optimization results show that adjusting the water-sand processes by Xiaolangdi reservoir can decrease deposit obviously and save water greatly. To transport the same amount of sediment in the flood season, up to 40% of water could be saved th
引文
1.钱意颖、叶青超、曾庆华,黄河干流水沙变化与河床演变,91-95,中国建材工业出版社,1993年
    2.赵业安、周文浩等,黄河下游河道演变基本规律,62-109,黄河水利出版社,1998年.
    3.周文浩、曾庆华、赵华侠、闫颐,黄河下游河道输沙能力的分析,泥沙研究,1-11,1994(3)
    4.秦荣昱、刘淑杰、王崇浩,黄河下游河道阻力与输沙特性的研究,泥沙研究,10-18,1995(4)
    5.陈建国、李宜斌、赵华侠等,黄河下游高含沙洪水不同粒径的输移特性,泥沙研究,11-20,1996(4)
    6.申冠卿、张晓华等,黄河下游高含沙量洪水不同粒径泥沙的淤积调整,泥沙研究,9-15,1997(1)
    7.陈建国、周文浩等,黄河下游河道不同洪水粗细泥沙输移和冲淤调整,泥沙研究,32-36,1997(2)
    8.齐璞、孙赞盈、茹玉英等,黄河水沙变化与下游河道治理思考,泥沙研究,12-19,1999(4)
    9.张林忠等,高含沙洪水输水输沙特性及对河道的破坏作用与机理研究,泥沙研究,39-43,1999(4)
    10.齐璞,黄河高含沙量洪水的输移特性及其河床形成,水利学报,34-43,1982(8)
    11.袁东良、王万战,近期黄河下游河道冲淤演变,人民黄河,11-14,1997(7)
    12.张晓华、赵业安,近期黄河下游河道演变研究,人民黄河,14-16,1997(9)
    13.潘贤娣、李勇、王云璋等,对黄河水沙特性变化的主要认识,人民黄河,1-2,1999(8)
    14.李勇、苏运启、裴明胜等,黄河中游干流汛期水沙变化,人民黄河,9-10,15,1999(8)
    15.张晓华、黎桂喜、张希芳,黄河中游干流洪水特性变化,人民黄河,11-12、30,1999(8)
    16.刘继祥、郜国明、曾芹、张厚军,黄河下游河道冲淤特性研究,人民黄河,11-12,2000(8)
    17.曲少军、申冠卿、魏向阳等,黄河下游河道排洪能力分析,人民黄河,3-4,2000(11)
    18.陈孝田、陈明非等,黄河下游不同含沙量洪水对河道冲淤的影响,人民黄河,
    
    19.周文浩、陈建国、袁玉萍,黄河下游河道高浓度输沙的主要特点及高含沙水流治河的商榷,中国水科院学报,50-59,2000(1)
    20.尹学良,黄河下游冲淤特性及其改造问题,泥沙研究,75-82,1980(复刊号)
    21.景可,黄河下游河道泥沙淤积形式探讨,泥沙研究,30-37,1986(1)
    22.周文浩等,黄河艾山以下河道十多年来的冲淤特点及堤防建设的方向,泥沙研究,1-9,1988(4)
    23.张晓华、潘贤娣、李勇、岳德军,黄河中游干流泥沙组成规律,泥沙研究,70-74,1999(4)
    24.梁志勇、匡尚富、王兆印等,高含沙洪水冲刷规律的探讨,泥沙研究,68-73,1999(6)
    25.齐璞等,黄河冲秘河道动床阻力、冲淤特性与输沙特性形成机理探讨,泥沙研究,1-10,1994(2)
    26.申冠卿、张晓华等,1986年以来黄河下游水沙变化及河道演变分析,人民黄河,10-11、16,2000(9)
    27.梁志勇、张德茹,水沙条件对黄河下游河床演变影响的分析途径,水利水运科学研究,19-25,1994(1,2)
    28.李文学、李勇、姚文艺,黄河水沙过程变异及河道萎缩研究综述,黄河流域水资源演化规律与可再生性维持机理研究与进展,162-177,黄河水利出版社,2001年.
    29.郜国明、曾芹等,2000年黄河下游河床演变分析报告,水利部黄委会勘测规划设计研究院,2001,4
    30.岳德军、侯素珍等,黄河下游输沙水量研究,人民黄河,32-33、40,1996年
    31.赵华侠、陈建国等,黄河下游洪水期输沙用水量与河道泥沙冲淤分析,泥沙研究,57-61,1997(0)
    32.齐璞、李世滢、刘月兰等,黄河水沙变化与下游河道减淤措施,104,黄河水利出版社,1997年
    33.费祥俊,高含沙水流长距离输沙机理与应用,泥沙研究,55-61,1998(3)
    34.高季章、王浩等,黄河治理开发与南水北调工程,中国水科院学报,27-34,1999(1)
    35.黄金池、刘树坤,黄河下游输沙用水量的研究,中国水科院学报,43-49,2000(1)
    36.尹国康,黄河下游排沙特性及其对径流需求量的分析,泥沙研究,50-56,2001(3)
    37.许炯心,黄河下游排沙比研究,泥沙研究,49-54,1997(1)
    38.石伟、王光谦,黄河下游输沙水量研究评述,黄河流域水资源演化规律与可再 生性维持机理研究与进展,199-204,黄河水利出版社,2001年
    39
    
    39.王光谦、石伟,黄河下游最小输沙水量初探,江河颂,445-455,清华大学出版社,2002年
    40.刘继祥,黄河下游引沙量预估,人民黄河,48-52,1996(4)
    41.杜殿勋、戴明英,三门峡水库修建前后渭河下游河道泥沙问题的研究,泥沙研究,1-18,1981(3)
    42.许炯心,水库下游河道复杂响应的试验研究,泥沙研究,50-57,1986(4)
    43.陈文彪,水库淤积上延问题的探讨,泥沙研究,80-86,1984(4)
    44.韩其为、何明民等,水库推移质淤积、变动回水区淤积及回水抬高,泥沙研究,1-16,1986(2)
    45.韩其为等,论长期使用水库的造床过程-兼论三峡水库长期使用的有关参数,泥沙研究,1-21,1993(3)
    46.李义天,水库下游河道冲刷机理探讨,泥沙研究,77-84,1994(2)
    47.郭庆超、何明民、韩其为,三门峡水库(潼关至大坝)泥沙冲淤规律分析,泥沙研究,48-58,1995(1)
    48.韩其为等,三峡水库泥沙淤积的控制-处理三峡水库泥沙的策略与措施,泥沙研究,1-19,1996(1)
    49.曲少军等,浪底水库运用后三门峡水库运用方式中一些问题的初步研究,泥沙研究,55-58,1999(4).
    50.焦恩泽,三门峡水库“拦粗排细”的分析,泥沙研究,62-65,1997(3)
    51.姜乃森、张启舜、黄霖恩,水库淤积上延问题的分析,水利学报,67-72、66,1997(8)
    52.涂启华、张俊华、曾芹,小浪底水库减淤运用方式及作用,人民黄河,23-29,1993(3)
    53.焦恩泽、张翠萍,三门峡水库修建前潼关河床高程变化分析,人民黄河,11-12,1993(12)
    54.张红武、刘海凌等,小浪底水库拦沙期下游游荡性河段演变趋势研究,人民黄河,5-7,1998(11)
    55.王士强、刘金梅、钟德钰,小浪底水库运用方式讨论,人民黄河,1-3,1999(10)
    56.齐璞、王开荣等,小浪底水库运用后黄河下游游荡性河道的整治问题,人民黄河,34-36,1999(11)
    57.张培德、徐建华、刘文等,三门峡库区及下游河道淤积物粒径分析,人民黄河,4-5,1999(12)
    58.陈枝霖,小浪底水库拦沙期减淤运用方式探讨,人民黄河,15-17,2000(5)
    
    59.张红武、刘海凌等,小浪底水库运用初期下游特大洪水试验预测,人民黄河,4-5,2000(6)
    60.张红武、刘海凌等,小浪底水库下游游荡性河段模型试验研究,人民黄河,12-13,2000(9)
    61.张俊华、王国栋等,小浪底水库运用初期库区水沙运动规律试验研究,人民黄河,14-16,2000(9)
    62.费祥俊,黄河小浪底水库运用与下游河道防洪减淤问题,水利水电技术,1-5,1999(3)
    63.安新代、李世滢等,小浪底水库初期运用方式研究报告,水利部黄委会勘测规划设计研究院,1999.8
    64.安新代、李世滢等,小浪底水库2000年运用方案研究报告,水利部黄委会勘测规划设计研究院,2000,3
    65.张俊华、陈书奎等,小浪底水库库区模型试验研究报告,水利部黄委会水科院、黄委会勘测规划设计研究院,2000,3
    66.董年虎、刘海凌等,黄河小浪底至苏泗庄河段模型试验研究报告,水在利部黄委会水科院、黄委会勘测规划设计研究院,2000,3
    67.安新代、刘继祥等,小浪底水库2000年运用研究报告,水利部黄委会勘测规划设计研究院,2001,4
    68.窦国仁,黄河小浪底泥沙模型可行性研究,南京水利科学研究院,1989年
    69.张醒,黄河下游排沙能力的统计模型,泥沙研究,32-41,1993(4)
    70.王士强,黄河泥沙冲淤数学模型研究,水科学进展,193-199,1996(3)
    71.张俊华等,水库泥沙模型异重流运动相似条件的研究,应用基础与工程科学学报,309-316,1997(3)
    72.曹志先,泥沙数学模型近底边界条件 1:平衡输沙,水利学报,11-19,1997(1)
    73.曹志先,泥沙数学模型近底边界条件 2:非平衡输沙,水利学报,20-24、67,1997(1)
    74.余明辉、杨国录,平面二维非均匀沙数渔模拟方法,水利学报,65-69,2000(5)
    75. Ni Jinren, Wang Guangqian and Liao Qian, A correction-model for hyper-concentrated flow, International journal of sediment research, Vol. 14(2), 145-148, 1999.
    76. Costanza Di Stefano, Vito Ferro and Paolo Porto, Modelling sediment delivery processes by a stream tube approach, Hydrolocial Sciences, Vol. 44(5), 725-742, 1999.10.
    77. Juan Antonio Garcia Aragon, A hydraulic shear stress model for rapid, highly concentrated flow, Journal of hydraulic research, Vol. 34(5), 589-596, 1996.
    Fr
    
    Francisco J. M. Simoes and Sam S. Y. Wang, Numerical prediction of three-dimensional mixing in a compound open channel, Journal of hydraulic research, Vol. 35(5), 619-642, 1997..
    78. Gurong Cui and Brian Williams, Downstream characteristic Lagrangian hybrid method for flows in open channels, Journal of hydraulic research, Vol. 36(3), 379-396, 1998.
    79. Nils R. B. Olsen and Hilde M. Kjellesvig, Three-dimensional numerical modelling of bed changes in a sand trap, Journal of hydraulic research, Vol. 37(2), 189-198, 1999.
    80. Fu-Chun Wu and Hsieh-Wen Shen, First-order estimation of stochastic parameters of sediment transport model, Journal of hydraulic research, Vol. 37(2), 213-227, 1999.
    81. Reinaldo Garcia-Martinez, Ivan Saavedra C. and Carlos Villoria, A two-dimensional computational model to simulate suspended sediment transport and bed changes, Journal of hydraulic research, Vol. 37(3), 327-344, 1999.
    82. Qing-chao Guo and Yee-chung Jin, Modeling sediment transport using depth-averaged and moment equations, Journal of hydraulic engineering, Vol.125, 1262-1269, 1999.12.
    83. Weiming Wu, Wolfgang Rodi and Thomas Wenka, 3D numerical modeling of flow and sediment transport in open Hong-wei Fang and Guang-qian Wang, Three-dimensional mathemetical model of suspended-sediment transport, Journal of hydraulic engineering, Vol. 126(8), 578-592, 2000.8.
    84. Subia S.R., Ingber M.S., Monday L.A.L., Altobelli S.A., and Graham A.I., Modelling of concentrated suspensions using a continuum constitutive equation, Journal of fluid mechanics, Vol.373, 193-219, 1998
    85.郭庆超,红山水库泥沙淤积发展的计算分析,中国水利水电科学研究院,2001年
    86.钱宁、万兆惠,泥沙运动力学,科学出版社,1983年.
    87.张瑞瑾等,河流泥沙动力学,水利电力出版社,1989年
    88. Gilbert, G.K., The transportation of debris by running water, U.S. Geol. Sur., prof. paper, No.86, pp.259
    89. Einstein, H.A., The bed-load function for sediment transport in open channel flows, Technical Bulletin, No.1026, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 1950
    90
    
    90. Yang, C, T., Incipient motion and sediment transport, Journal. of hydraulic Engineering., Vol.99, No. Hy10, 1973
    91.曹如轩,高含沙水流挟沙力探讨,黄河泥沙研究报告选编,第2集,1975年
    92.李昌华,明渠水流挟沙力能力初步研究,水利水运科学研究,1980(3)
    93.吴德一,关于水库异重流的计算方法,泥沙研究,1983(2)
    94.朱鹏程,低含沙量与高含沙量水流挟沙力相互关系的探讨,泥沙研究,62-69,1980(复刊号).
    95.齐璞,黄河极细沙含量对挟沙能力影响机理的初步探讨,泥沙研究,91-99,1981(3)
    96.费祥俊,高含沙量均质流的阻力及紊流“减阻”问题,泥沙研究,13-21,1985(1)
    97.王士强,对爱因斯坦均匀沙推移质输沙率公式修正的研究,泥沙研究,44-53,1985(1)
    98.詹义正,以流速为参数的悬沙沿垂线分布公式及其应用,泥沙研究,79-84,1985(1)
    99.段学琪,水温对挟沙能力影响的探讨,泥沙研究,79-87,1985(3)
    100.李福田,挟沙水流紊动结构的试验研究,泥沙研究,38-46,1986(1)
    101.乐培九,高含沙紊流的阻力及其输沙特性,泥沙研究,17-25,1986(2)
    102.熊治平,悬沙级配沿垂线分布问题,泥沙研究,51-56,1986(2)
    103.倪晋仁、惠遇甲,浑水流速分布与尾流函数,泥沙研究,77-81,1987(1)
    104.李义天,冲淤平衡状态下床沙质级配初探,泥沙研究,82-87,1987(1)
    105.崔侠,论饱和输沙及非饱和输沙计算方法,泥沙研究,81-89,1987(3)
    106.吴宪生,非均匀沙的推移质输沙率,泥沙研究,36-45,1989(2)
    107.王士强、张仁,颗粒比重对水流挟沙力的影响,泥沙研究,19-26,1990(3)
    108.王士强等,明槽水流的非均匀沙挟沙力研究,水利学报,1-9、17,1998(1)
    109.孙志林、祝永康,Einstein推移质公式探讨,泥沙研究,20-26,1991(1)
    110.惠遇甲、胡春宏,Bagnond推移质输沙理论中有关参数的探讨,泥沙研究,9-19,1991(3)
    111.秦荣昱,不均匀沙的推移质输移规律的研究,泥沙研究,29-38,1993(1)
    112.吴伟明、李义天,非均匀沙水流挟沙力研究,泥沙研究,81-88,1993(4)
    113.周文浩等,黄河下游河道输沙能力的分析,泥沙研究,1-11,1994(3)
    114.张红武,挟沙水流流速的垂线分布公式,泥沙研究,1-10,1995(2)
    115.张红武,挟沙水流中含沙量沿垂线的分布规律,泥沙研究,35-41,1997(1)
    116.张红武等,悬移质挟沙水流的流速分布及浓度分布,黄河科研,14-18,1992(2)
    
    117.赵连白、袁美琦,沙波运动与推移质输沙率,泥沙研究,65-71,1995(4)
    118.方红卫,不均匀高浓度颗粒流动的极限浓度研究,泥沙研究,83-88,1996(1)
    119.蒋如琴、戴清.黄河中、下游引黄灌区渠道水流挟沙力的研究,泥沙研究,37-40,1997(2)
    120.罗肇森、罗勇,浮泥挟沙力和输沙规律的研究与应用,泥沙研究,42-46,1997(4)
    121.张原锋、龙毓骞,Einstein推移质公式的改进研究,泥沙研究,61-67,1997(4)
    122.张原锋等,王士强输沙能力公式在黄河上的应用研究,人民黄河,17-20,1998(6)
    123.张小峰、陈志轩,关于悬移质含沙量沿垂线分布的几个问题,水利学报,41-48,1990(10)
    124.三兆印等,挟沙水流的冲刷率及河床惯性的研究,泥沙研究,1-9,1998(2)
    125.钟德钰等,河流冲泻质挟沙力研究,泥沙研究,34-40,1998(3)
    126.钟德钰等,水流冲泻质挟沙机理探讨,泥沙研究,41-47,1998(3)
    127.张俊华等,挟沙水流指数流速分布规律,泥沙研究,73-78,1998(4)
    128.刘继祥,多沙河流挟沙力研究,泥沙研究,67-75,1993(2)
    129.刘峰等,水流挟沙力的多值关系问题分析,泥沙研究,91-94,1998(4)
    130.刘峰、李义天,泥沙粒配对水流挟沙力影响的试验研究,长江科学院院报,30-33,1996(1)
    131.刘峰、李义天,新的水流挟沙力计算公式,长江科学院院报,17-20,1997(1)
    132.刘兴年等,粗细泥沙挟沙能力研究,泥沙研究,35-39,2000(4)
    133.曹如轩等,粗沙高含沙异重流的运动特性,泥沙研究,64-73,1995(2)
    134.曹文洪、张启舜,潮流和波浪作用下悬移质挟沙能力的研究,泥沙研究,16-21,2000(5)
    135.余明辉等,非均匀沙水流挟沙力公式的初步研究,泥沙研究,25-29,2001(3)
    136.费祥俊、舒安平,多沙河流水流输沙能力的研究,水利学报,38-43,1998(11)
    137.汪富泉等,论悬移质含沙量沿垂线的分布,水利学报,44-49、封3,1998(11)
    138.舒安平,水流挟沙力公式的验证与评述,人民黄河,7-9,1993(1)
    139.吴保生、龙毓骞,黄河水流输沙能力公式的若干修正.人民黄河,1-4,1993(7)
    140.牛占,河流悬沙垂线平均含沙量的研究,人民黄河,8-9、34,1993(7)
    141.费祥俊、宋根培,多沙河流横断面调整及其对排洪和输沙能力的影响,人民黄河,14-17、37,1997(8)
    142.齐璞,论窄深河槽过洪能力,人民黄河,42-43,1998(5)
    143.黄才安、奚斌,推移质输沙率公式的统一形式,水利水运科学研究,72-78,2000(2)
    144.郭庆超,黄河下游河道减淤途径及动力平衡临界阈值探讨,2002学术交流会 论文集,中国水利水电科学研究院,2002年
    
    145.Hu, H. M. and Wang, K. H., Entrainment function of suspended sediment in open channels, International journal of sediment research, Vol. 14(3), 1-8, 1999.
    146.D. M. Joy, W. C. Lennox and N. Kouwen, Paniculate transport in a porous media under non-linear flow conditions, Journal of hydraulic research, Vol. 29(3), 373-385, 1991.
    147.Chin Ted Yang and Xiangbai Kong, Energy dissipation rate and sediment transport, Journal of hydraulic research, Vol. 29(4), 457-474,1991.
    148.R. Mayerle, C. Nalluri and P. Novak, Sediment transport in rigid bed conveyances, Journal of hydraulic research, Vol. 29(4), 475-495, 1991.
    149.Y. L. Lau and B. G Krishnappan, Size distribution and settling velocity of cohesive sediments during settling, Journal of hydraulic research, Vol. 30(5), 673-684, 1992.
    150.Carlos M, Toro Escobar, Gary Parker and Chris Paola, Transfer function for the deposition of poorly stored gravel in response to streambed aggradation, Journal of hydraulic research, Vol. 34(1), 35-53, 1996.
    151.B. P. Greimann, M. Muste and F. M. Holly Jr., Two-phase formulation of suspended sediment transport, Journal of hydraulic research, Vol. 37(4), 479-500, 1999.
    152.P.Sechet, B.Le Guennec, Bursting phenomenon and incipient motion of solid particles in bed-load transport, Journal of hydraulic research, Vol. 37(5), 683-696, 1999.
    153.Joseph F. Atkinson, Athol D. Abrahams, Chitra Krishnan, and Gang Li, Shear stress partitioning and sediment transport by overland flow, Journal of hydraulic research, Vol. 38(1), 37-40, 2000.
    154.Zhaoyin Wang, Peter Larsen, Turbulent structure of water and clay suspensions with bed load, Journal of hydraulic engineering, Vol. 120(5), 577-600, 1994.5,
    155.Junke Guo and William L. Wood, Fine suspended sediment transport rates, Journal of hydraulic engineering, Vol. 121(12), 919-922, 1995.12.
    156.Nadim M. Aziz, Error estimate in Einstein's suspended sediment load method, Journal of hydraulic engineering, Vol. 122(5), 282-285,1996.5.
    157.Jesper S. Damgand, Richard J. S. Whitehouse and Richard L. Soulsby, Bed-load sediment transport on steep longitudinal slopes, Journal of hydraulic engineering, Vol. 123(12), 1130-1138, 1997.12.
    158.Fazle Karim, Bed material discharge prediction for non-uniform bed sediments. Journal of hydraulic engineering, Vol. 124(6), 597-604, 1998.6.
    
    159.Francois J. Pugh and Kenneth C. Wilson, Velocity and concentration-distributions in sheet flow above plane beds, Journal of hydraulic engineering, Vol. 125(2), 117-125, 1999.2.
    160.Basil Gomez and Jonathan D. Phillips, Deterministic uncertainty in bed load transport, Journal of hydraulic engineering, Vol. 125(3), 305-308,1999.3.
    161.M. Cellino and W. H. Graf, Sediment-laden flow in open-channels under non-capacity and capacity conditions, Journal of hydraulic engineering, Vol. 125(5), 455-462,1999.5.
    162.Motohiko Umeyama, Velocity and concentration fields in uniform flow with coarse sands, Journal of hydraulic engineering, Vol. 125(6), 653-656,1999.6.
    163.S. R. McLean, Wolfe and J. M. Nelson, Predicting boundary shear stress and sediment transport over bed forms, Journal of hydraulic engineering, Vol. 125(7), 725-736,1999.7.
    164.Nian-sheng Cheng, Effect of concentration on settling velocity of sediment particles,Journal of hydraulic engineering, Vol. 123(8), 728-731, 1997.8.
    165.Nian-Sheng Cheng and Yee-Meng Chiew, Analysis of initiation of sediment suspension from bed load, Journal of hydraulic engineering, Vol. 125(8), 855-861, 1999.8.
    166.Zhixian Cao, Equilibrium near-bed concentration of suspended sediment, Journal of hydraulic engineering, Vol. 125(12), 1270-1278, 1999.12.
    167.Weiming Wa, Wolfgang Rodi and Thomas Wenka, 3D numerical modeling of flow and sediment transport in open channels, 126(1), 4-15,2000.1.
    168.Zhilin Sun and John Donahue, Staistically derived bedload formula for any fraction of non-uniform sediment, Journal of hydraulic engineering, Vol. 126(2), 105-111, 2000.2.
    169.M. Sladkevich, A. N. Militeev, H. Rubin and E. Kit, Simulation of transport phenomena in shallow aquatic environment, Journal of hydraulic engineering, Vol. 126(2), 123-136,2000.2.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700