丹东电网理论线损分析及线损管理研究
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摘要
线损是国家考核电网企业的重要技术经济指标，同时也是电网企业管理水平高低的综合体现，线损管理是降低企业运营成本，增加企业效益的重要环节。在国家大力提倡优化结构、提高效益、节能降耗和污染减排的今天，节能降耗显得尤其重要。对配电网进行线损计算可以发现配电网络运行的薄弱环节，了解损耗的构成，有针对性地采取合理的降损措施，降低电网损耗，对提高电力企业经济效益具有非常重要的意义。
本文首先对线损理论计算的研究意义以及典型的理论线损算法进行介绍，在此基础上讨论了无功补偿、电网结构、负荷分布、配变的容载率以及三相不平衡对线损的影响，并进行了详尽的对比分析。构建了基于多代理技术的线损分析系统，对各个代理实现的主要功能进行了深入分析。
结合丹东地区电网情况，进行全面的理论线损计算，并对计算结果进行汇总分析。通过对丹东各个电压等级存在问题的深入剖析，有针对性的提出技术降损的措施和建议，为丹东地区电网进行降损改造和电网规划提供了很好的参考依据。
为实现低压台区管理降损，设计出一种便携式考核计量装置。该装置将开口式电流互感器和电能表进行合理组合，对于高损台区可缩小调查范围，划定损失区域，锁定重点客户，准确查出高损点，有目标地开展用电检查，能够有效降低低压台区管理损失。该设备制作简单、易于操作、便携方便，具有很好的应用前景。
The line loss is an important technical and economic indicators of the nationalassessment of the power grid companies, also it’s the comprehensive reflection of powergrid enterprise management level of the comprehensive embodiment, Line LossManagement is an important part to reduce operating costs, increase enterprise efficiency.Do line loss calculation with the distribution network can be found the weak links in thedistribution network, learn the composition of the wear and tear, targeted to takereasonable measures to loss reduction, reduce the network losses, have very importantsignificance to improve power economic efficiency of enterprises.
Based on the theoretical calculation of line losses research significance and typicaltheoretical line loss algorithm are introduced, on the basis of this discussion of reactivepower compensation, power grid structure, load distribution, distribution transformercapacity-load ratio and unbalance on the influence of line caustic, and a detailedcomparative analysis. The paper has built a line loss analysis system based on multi-agenttechnology, con ducted in-depth analysis of system structure and the main function ofagent.
Combining with the regional power grid of Dandong, full of theoretical line losscalculation, and the results were pooled analysis. Through to the Dandong various voltagelevels exist problems deeply, for the Dandong area power network loss modification andpower grid planning has provided the very good reference.
For the realization of loss reduction on the low pressure area management, a portableassessment metering device is designed. The device has combined the open currenttransformer and the power meter rationally, narrowed the scope of the investigation for thehigh loss district, delineated of the loss region, locked key customers, detected high-losspoint accurately, targeted to carry out an electrical check and can effectively reduce theloss of the low pressure area management. The equipment is simple produced, easy tooperate and has a good prospect of application.
本文首先对线损理论计算的研究意义以及典型的理论线损算法进行介绍，在此基础上讨论了无功补偿、电网结构、负荷分布、配变的容载率以及三相不平衡对线损的影响，并进行了详尽的对比分析。构建了基于多代理技术的线损分析系统，对各个代理实现的主要功能进行了深入分析。
结合丹东地区电网情况，进行全面的理论线损计算，并对计算结果进行汇总分析。通过对丹东各个电压等级存在问题的深入剖析，有针对性的提出技术降损的措施和建议，为丹东地区电网进行降损改造和电网规划提供了很好的参考依据。
为实现低压台区管理降损，设计出一种便携式考核计量装置。该装置将开口式电流互感器和电能表进行合理组合，对于高损台区可缩小调查范围，划定损失区域，锁定重点客户，准确查出高损点，有目标地开展用电检查，能够有效降低低压台区管理损失。该设备制作简单、易于操作、便携方便，具有很好的应用前景。
The line loss is an important technical and economic indicators of the nationalassessment of the power grid companies, also it’s the comprehensive reflection of powergrid enterprise management level of the comprehensive embodiment, Line LossManagement is an important part to reduce operating costs, increase enterprise efficiency.Do line loss calculation with the distribution network can be found the weak links in thedistribution network, learn the composition of the wear and tear, targeted to takereasonable measures to loss reduction, reduce the network losses, have very importantsignificance to improve power economic efficiency of enterprises.
Based on the theoretical calculation of line losses research significance and typicaltheoretical line loss algorithm are introduced, on the basis of this discussion of reactivepower compensation, power grid structure, load distribution, distribution transformercapacity-load ratio and unbalance on the influence of line caustic, and a detailedcomparative analysis. The paper has built a line loss analysis system based on multi-agenttechnology, con ducted in-depth analysis of system structure and the main function ofagent.
Combining with the regional power grid of Dandong, full of theoretical line losscalculation, and the results were pooled analysis. Through to the Dandong various voltagelevels exist problems deeply, for the Dandong area power network loss modification andpower grid planning has provided the very good reference.
For the realization of loss reduction on the low pressure area management, a portableassessment metering device is designed. The device has combined the open currenttransformer and the power meter rationally, narrowed the scope of the investigation for thehigh loss district, delineated of the loss region, locked key customers, detected high-losspoint accurately, targeted to carry out an electrical check and can effectively reduce theloss of the low pressure area management. The equipment is simple produced, easy tooperate and has a good prospect of application.
引文
[1] Feng Guihong, Zeng Jianbin, Gong Shuqiu, et al. Losses analysis and management system ofdistribution networks based on local area network[C]. IEEE IPES.2005 Transmission andDistribution Conference and Exhibition:Asia and Paeifict 2005.
[2] J.Nazarko, Z.Styczyski, M.Poplawski. The Approacsh to energy losses calculations in lowvoltage distribution networks[C]. Engineering Soeiety Winter Meeting. IEEE, 2000.
[3] A.Bhuiya, N.Chowdhury, M.Huq. Optimum Market Strategy for An Independent PowerPredueer[J]. Eleetrical and Computer Engineering 2004.
[4] Steven T, Bruce A Kirehhoff, Scott Newber. Differentiating Market Strategies for DisruptiveTechnologies[J]. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 2002.
[5] JunYan. The Impact of Transmission Network on the Market Strategies[C]. IEEE PES 2005Conference and ExPosition in Africa.
[6]陈得治,郭志忠.基于负荷获取和匹配潮流方法的配电网理论线损计算[J].电网技术,2005, 29(1):80-84.
[7]鲍海,马千.电网线损的物理分布机理[J].中国电机工程学报, 2005,25(21):82-86.
[8]文福拴,韩祯祥.基于分群算法和人工神经元网络的配电网线损计算[J].中国电机工程学报, 1993, 13(3):41-50.
[9]辛开远,杨玉华,陈富.计算配电网线损的GA与BP结合的新方法[J].中国电机工程学报, 2002, 22(2):79-82.
[10]李秀卿,赵丽娜,孟庆然,等. IGA优化的神经网络计算配电网理论线损[J].电力系统及其自动化学报, 2009, 21(5):87-91.
[11]姜惠兰,安敏,刘晓津,等.基于动态聚类算法径向基函数网络的配电网线损计算[J].中国电机工程学报, 2005,25(10):35-39.
[12]彭宇文,刘克文.基于改进核心向量机的配电网理论线损计算方法[J].中国电机工程学报, 2011,31(34):120-126.
[13]黄训诚,何方国,齐欢.基于支持向量回归的配电网线损计算模型[J].电力系统保护与控制, 2008,36(18):51-58.
[14]李秀卿,汪海,许传伟,等.基于免疫遗传算法优化的神经网络配电网网损计算[J].电力系统保护与控制, 2009,37(11):36-39.
[15]杨霖,王卫东,陈得治,等.基于测量的中压配电网线损计算研究[J].继电器, 2005,33(3):28-33.
[16]张宗伟,张鸿.基于负荷实测的配电网线损理论计算[J].电力系统保护与控制, 2010,38(14):115-118.
[17] Rubin Taleski, Dragoslav Rajicic. Distribution Network Reconfiguration For Energy LossReduction, IEEE Transaction On Power System. 1997,12(1).
[18] G. Levitin, A. Kakyuzhny, Ashenkman, M. Chertkov. Optimal capacitor alloeation indistribution systems using a genetic algorithm and a fastenergy loss, IEEE Transaetion onPower Delivery. 2000,15(2).
[19]洪成佳.线损管理信息系统.农村电气化[J], 2007(l):12-14.
[20]潘星,王政,王涛.网络化线损理论计算分析系统的建设及应用.浙江电力,2011(8):15-19.
[21]郭新杰,彭建春,李西泉,等.湖南电网线损管理系统的研究[J].湖南电力, 2002,10(6):15-18.
[22]林震宇.基于现场数据采集终端的配电网线损管理解决方案[J].低压电器,2011,(19):30-33.
[23]王骏,刘海渤.电力配网线损管理系统的研究与开发[J].企业技术开发, 2011,(23).
[24]李慧玲,盛万兴,孟晓丽.基于图模库一体化的配电网线损管理系统的研制[J].电力自动化设备,2008,28(6):89-92.
[25] Tsai R,Chen J L. Design of a Distributed Problem Sloving System for Short-Term LoadForecasting. Proc of the 35thMidwest Symposium on Circuits and System. 1992,395-399.
[26] Talukdar S,Ramesh V C. A M ulti-Agent Technique for Contingency Constrained OptimalPower Flows. IEEE Trans on Power System, 1994,9(2):855-861.
[27] Lekkas G P, Avouris N M. Development of Distributed Problem Solving Systems forDynamic Enviroments. IEEE Trans on Systems. Man and Cybernetics. 1995,25(3):400-414.
[28] Yen J, Yan Y H, Wang B J, et al. Multi-Agent Coalition Formation in power TransmissionPlnaning. Proeeedings of the Thirty-First Hwaaii International Conference on System Sciences.1998:433-443.
[29] Yeung C S K, Poon A S Y, Wu F F. Game Theoretical Multi-Agent Modelling of CoalitionFormation for Multilateral Trdaes. IEEE Trans on Power Sysetms. 1999,14(3):929-934.
[30] Liu H, Yuan B, Dai H, et al Framework Design of a General-purpose Power MarketSimulator Based on Multi-agent Technology. IEEE PES 2001 Summer Meeting, 2001.
[31] A zevedo G P, Feijo B, Costa M. Conrtol Centers Evolve with Agent Technology. IEEEComputer Appilications in Power. 2000,13(3):48-53.
[32]樊爱军,马柏杨,白雪峰.基于多代理技术的配电网线损分析[J].黑龙江电力,200628(3):189-192.
[33]王菁.配电变压器考核计量装置接线分析[J].农村电工, 2010,(5): 135-136.
[34]夏永翔.电能量计量计费系统的建设和运行管理[J].科技信息, 2010,(33): 64-68.
[35]李昆.以精益化管理来降低线损[J].中国电力教育, 2010, 5(9): 58-61.
[36]杨克难,吴浩,郑宁浪.一种基于潮流追踪的电力系统无功补偿方法[J].电力系统自动化, 2012,36(8):45-51.
[37]赵文忠.农村配电网实用无功补偿技术综述[J].低压电器, 2010,(13):34-38.
[38]张勇军,任震,李邦峰.电力系统无功优化调度研究综述[J].电网技术, 2005 29(2):50-56.
[39]任晓娟,邓佑满,赵长城等.高中压配电网动态无功优化算法的研究[J].中国电机工程学报, 2003, 23(1): 31-35.
[40]廖国栋,杨高才,谢欣涛,等.供电方式对中压配电网技术经济性的影响[J].电网技术,2011,35(3):113-118.
[41]管霖,邱生敏.配电网规划网架的线损理论评估方法[J].电力自动化设备,2011,31(07):17-20
[42]郭峰,姚莉娜,刘恒,吴珊珊.引入三相不平衡度的低压电网理论线损计算[J].电力自动化设备, 2007,27(11):51-54.
[43]郜俊琴.三相不平衡线路的线损分析[J].电力学报, 2001,16(2): 91-93.
[44]同向前,王海燕,尹军.基于负荷功率的三相不平衡度的计算方法[J].电力系统及其自动化学报, 2011,23(02):24-30. .
[45]蔡树锦.三相负荷不平衡对线损的影响[J].农村电气化. 2002,(4):23-24.
[46]赵吴鹏,周浩,张瑜.三相不平衡低压系统负序线损及治理方案分析[J].河北电力技术,2010,29(02):22-24.
[2] J.Nazarko, Z.Styczyski, M.Poplawski. The Approacsh to energy losses calculations in lowvoltage distribution networks[C]. Engineering Soeiety Winter Meeting. IEEE, 2000.
[3] A.Bhuiya, N.Chowdhury, M.Huq. Optimum Market Strategy for An Independent PowerPredueer[J]. Eleetrical and Computer Engineering 2004.
[4] Steven T, Bruce A Kirehhoff, Scott Newber. Differentiating Market Strategies for DisruptiveTechnologies[J]. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 2002.
[5] JunYan. The Impact of Transmission Network on the Market Strategies[C]. IEEE PES 2005Conference and ExPosition in Africa.
[6]陈得治,郭志忠.基于负荷获取和匹配潮流方法的配电网理论线损计算[J].电网技术,2005, 29(1):80-84.
[7]鲍海,马千.电网线损的物理分布机理[J].中国电机工程学报, 2005,25(21):82-86.
[8]文福拴,韩祯祥.基于分群算法和人工神经元网络的配电网线损计算[J].中国电机工程学报, 1993, 13(3):41-50.
[9]辛开远,杨玉华,陈富.计算配电网线损的GA与BP结合的新方法[J].中国电机工程学报, 2002, 22(2):79-82.
[10]李秀卿,赵丽娜,孟庆然,等. IGA优化的神经网络计算配电网理论线损[J].电力系统及其自动化学报, 2009, 21(5):87-91.
[11]姜惠兰,安敏,刘晓津,等.基于动态聚类算法径向基函数网络的配电网线损计算[J].中国电机工程学报, 2005,25(10):35-39.
[12]彭宇文,刘克文.基于改进核心向量机的配电网理论线损计算方法[J].中国电机工程学报, 2011,31(34):120-126.
[13]黄训诚,何方国,齐欢.基于支持向量回归的配电网线损计算模型[J].电力系统保护与控制, 2008,36(18):51-58.
[14]李秀卿,汪海,许传伟,等.基于免疫遗传算法优化的神经网络配电网网损计算[J].电力系统保护与控制, 2009,37(11):36-39.
[15]杨霖,王卫东,陈得治,等.基于测量的中压配电网线损计算研究[J].继电器, 2005,33(3):28-33.
[16]张宗伟,张鸿.基于负荷实测的配电网线损理论计算[J].电力系统保护与控制, 2010,38(14):115-118.
[17] Rubin Taleski, Dragoslav Rajicic. Distribution Network Reconfiguration For Energy LossReduction, IEEE Transaction On Power System. 1997,12(1).
[18] G. Levitin, A. Kakyuzhny, Ashenkman, M. Chertkov. Optimal capacitor alloeation indistribution systems using a genetic algorithm and a fastenergy loss, IEEE Transaetion onPower Delivery. 2000,15(2).
[19]洪成佳.线损管理信息系统.农村电气化[J], 2007(l):12-14.
[20]潘星,王政,王涛.网络化线损理论计算分析系统的建设及应用.浙江电力,2011(8):15-19.
[21]郭新杰,彭建春,李西泉,等.湖南电网线损管理系统的研究[J].湖南电力, 2002,10(6):15-18.
[22]林震宇.基于现场数据采集终端的配电网线损管理解决方案[J].低压电器,2011,(19):30-33.
[23]王骏,刘海渤.电力配网线损管理系统的研究与开发[J].企业技术开发, 2011,(23).
[24]李慧玲,盛万兴,孟晓丽.基于图模库一体化的配电网线损管理系统的研制[J].电力自动化设备,2008,28(6):89-92.
[25] Tsai R,Chen J L. Design of a Distributed Problem Sloving System for Short-Term LoadForecasting. Proc of the 35thMidwest Symposium on Circuits and System. 1992,395-399.
[26] Talukdar S,Ramesh V C. A M ulti-Agent Technique for Contingency Constrained OptimalPower Flows. IEEE Trans on Power System, 1994,9(2):855-861.
[27] Lekkas G P, Avouris N M. Development of Distributed Problem Solving Systems forDynamic Enviroments. IEEE Trans on Systems. Man and Cybernetics. 1995,25(3):400-414.
[28] Yen J, Yan Y H, Wang B J, et al. Multi-Agent Coalition Formation in power TransmissionPlnaning. Proeeedings of the Thirty-First Hwaaii International Conference on System Sciences.1998:433-443.
[29] Yeung C S K, Poon A S Y, Wu F F. Game Theoretical Multi-Agent Modelling of CoalitionFormation for Multilateral Trdaes. IEEE Trans on Power Sysetms. 1999,14(3):929-934.
[30] Liu H, Yuan B, Dai H, et al Framework Design of a General-purpose Power MarketSimulator Based on Multi-agent Technology. IEEE PES 2001 Summer Meeting, 2001.
[31] A zevedo G P, Feijo B, Costa M. Conrtol Centers Evolve with Agent Technology. IEEEComputer Appilications in Power. 2000,13(3):48-53.
[32]樊爱军,马柏杨,白雪峰.基于多代理技术的配电网线损分析[J].黑龙江电力,200628(3):189-192.
[33]王菁.配电变压器考核计量装置接线分析[J].农村电工, 2010,(5): 135-136.
[34]夏永翔.电能量计量计费系统的建设和运行管理[J].科技信息, 2010,(33): 64-68.
[35]李昆.以精益化管理来降低线损[J].中国电力教育, 2010, 5(9): 58-61.
[36]杨克难,吴浩,郑宁浪.一种基于潮流追踪的电力系统无功补偿方法[J].电力系统自动化, 2012,36(8):45-51.
[37]赵文忠.农村配电网实用无功补偿技术综述[J].低压电器, 2010,(13):34-38.
[38]张勇军,任震,李邦峰.电力系统无功优化调度研究综述[J].电网技术, 2005 29(2):50-56.
[39]任晓娟,邓佑满,赵长城等.高中压配电网动态无功优化算法的研究[J].中国电机工程学报, 2003, 23(1): 31-35.
[40]廖国栋,杨高才,谢欣涛,等.供电方式对中压配电网技术经济性的影响[J].电网技术,2011,35(3):113-118.
[41]管霖,邱生敏.配电网规划网架的线损理论评估方法[J].电力自动化设备,2011,31(07):17-20
[42]郭峰,姚莉娜,刘恒,吴珊珊.引入三相不平衡度的低压电网理论线损计算[J].电力自动化设备, 2007,27(11):51-54.
[43]郜俊琴.三相不平衡线路的线损分析[J].电力学报, 2001,16(2): 91-93.
[44]同向前,王海燕,尹军.基于负荷功率的三相不平衡度的计算方法[J].电力系统及其自动化学报, 2011,23(02):24-30. .
[45]蔡树锦.三相负荷不平衡对线损的影响[J].农村电气化. 2002,(4):23-24.
[46]赵吴鹏,周浩,张瑜.三相不平衡低压系统负序线损及治理方案分析[J].河北电力技术,2010,29(02):22-24.