甘蔗皮纤维的提取及纤维的性能研究
|
摘要
全球能源短缺,以石油为主要的原料的合成纤维的发展也受到了一定的限制。棉花生产总量仍然满足不了纺织业的生产需要,毛、麻等纺织原材料也需要大量的进口。在这种情况下,探索开发一种新的纤维素纤维有现实意义。我国甘蔗的种植面积很大,且甘蔗的产量较高,甘蔗皮可以直接取来使用,资源丰富。由于甘蔗渣密度低、价格低廉、且可降解,近年来也被广泛用于制备复合材料。有研究表明甘蔗皮纤维比蔗渣纤维增强复合材料的性能更好。因此本文针对甘蔗皮纤维的特点,研究了提取甘蔗皮短纤维和束纤维的工艺。短纤维可用于制备复合材料,甘蔗皮束纤维可作为纺织用纤维。
首先本文对甘蔗皮进行成分分析。成分分析结果表明,甘蔗皮中的纤维素含量约为35%,具有开发利用的价值。然后针对各个成分所占比例、各个成分对酸碱的稳定性不同,选取合理的酸碱处理温度和浓度。本文利用正交试验的方法,以纤维得率为主要指标、纤维长度为参照指标,参照红外光谱分析等方法确定甘蔗皮短纤维的初步提取工艺,并分析影响纤维长度和得率的主要因素。
在提取过程中发现碱煮因素对甘蔗皮纤维的性能影响较大。因此本文在初步探索得到的工艺基础上,进一步研究了碱煮温度、浓度、时间对甘蔗皮纤维的性能的影响。通过对甘蔗皮纤维得率、长度、结晶度、力学性能、热学性能的综合分析,得出较优的提取甘蔗皮长纤维的工艺。
最后,测试了较优工艺下甘蔗皮纤维的性能,包括形态结构、吸放湿、密度等性能,探索甘蔗皮纤维作为纺织用纤维的可行性。
The global energy is shortage, the development of synthetic fibers whose main raw material is oil have also been limited.The total cotton production is still unable to meet the textile industry’s needs.Wool,linen and other textile raw materials also need a lot of imports.In this situation, to explore a new cellulose fiber has practical significance. There are large area of sugarcane cultivation in China, and with higher yield. Sugarcane rind can be directly taken to use,and is rich in resources.As the bagasse has low density, low cost, and can be degraded, it is also been widely used for preparation of composite materials. Some studies showed that sugarcane rind fiber reinforced composite had better performance than the composites reinforced with bagasse fiber. As a result,based on the characteristics of sugarcane rind fiber, this paper studied on the extraction technology of sugarcane rind short fibers and fiber bundles.Short fibers can be used to prepare composite materials, fiber bundles can be used as textile fibers.
First, this paper analyzed the sugarcane rind’s components.The analysising results showed that the sugarcane rind contented about 35% cellulose, with the value of development and utilization.Then,for each component‘s proportion and different stability to acid-base, we selected the reasonable temperature and concentration of acid-base.
This paper studied on the initial extraction process to extract sugarcane rind short fibers by means of the orthogonal test,combined with the fiber length and FTlR spectra.And it also analyze the main factors which impact the fiber’s length.
Was found the alkali boiling performance has greater impact to sugarcane rind fibers during the extraction process.So this paper has a further study on the effect of the alkali’s boiling temperature, concentration and time to the sugarcane rind fiber’s properties based on the initial exploration process.We obtained the optimum extraction technology by comprehensive analysis of sugarcane rind fiber’s yield,length, crystallinity, mechanical properties, thermal properties.
Finally,we tested the properties of the fiber obtained through the optimum extraction technology,such as the fiber’s morphological structure, moisture absorption and desorption, density, and so on.By this means,we explore the feasibility of sugarcane rind fiber using in textile.
首先本文对甘蔗皮进行成分分析。成分分析结果表明,甘蔗皮中的纤维素含量约为35%,具有开发利用的价值。然后针对各个成分所占比例、各个成分对酸碱的稳定性不同,选取合理的酸碱处理温度和浓度。本文利用正交试验的方法,以纤维得率为主要指标、纤维长度为参照指标,参照红外光谱分析等方法确定甘蔗皮短纤维的初步提取工艺,并分析影响纤维长度和得率的主要因素。
在提取过程中发现碱煮因素对甘蔗皮纤维的性能影响较大。因此本文在初步探索得到的工艺基础上,进一步研究了碱煮温度、浓度、时间对甘蔗皮纤维的性能的影响。通过对甘蔗皮纤维得率、长度、结晶度、力学性能、热学性能的综合分析,得出较优的提取甘蔗皮长纤维的工艺。
最后,测试了较优工艺下甘蔗皮纤维的性能,包括形态结构、吸放湿、密度等性能,探索甘蔗皮纤维作为纺织用纤维的可行性。
The global energy is shortage, the development of synthetic fibers whose main raw material is oil have also been limited.The total cotton production is still unable to meet the textile industry’s needs.Wool,linen and other textile raw materials also need a lot of imports.In this situation, to explore a new cellulose fiber has practical significance. There are large area of sugarcane cultivation in China, and with higher yield. Sugarcane rind can be directly taken to use,and is rich in resources.As the bagasse has low density, low cost, and can be degraded, it is also been widely used for preparation of composite materials. Some studies showed that sugarcane rind fiber reinforced composite had better performance than the composites reinforced with bagasse fiber. As a result,based on the characteristics of sugarcane rind fiber, this paper studied on the extraction technology of sugarcane rind short fibers and fiber bundles.Short fibers can be used to prepare composite materials, fiber bundles can be used as textile fibers.
First, this paper analyzed the sugarcane rind’s components.The analysising results showed that the sugarcane rind contented about 35% cellulose, with the value of development and utilization.Then,for each component‘s proportion and different stability to acid-base, we selected the reasonable temperature and concentration of acid-base.
This paper studied on the initial extraction process to extract sugarcane rind short fibers by means of the orthogonal test,combined with the fiber length and FTlR spectra.And it also analyze the main factors which impact the fiber’s length.
Was found the alkali boiling performance has greater impact to sugarcane rind fibers during the extraction process.So this paper has a further study on the effect of the alkali’s boiling temperature, concentration and time to the sugarcane rind fiber’s properties based on the initial exploration process.We obtained the optimum extraction technology by comprehensive analysis of sugarcane rind fiber’s yield,length, crystallinity, mechanical properties, thermal properties.
Finally,we tested the properties of the fiber obtained through the optimum extraction technology,such as the fiber’s morphological structure, moisture absorption and desorption, density, and so on.By this means,we explore the feasibility of sugarcane rind fiber using in textile.
引文
[1]沈龙利.面对能源短缺与环保需求的可持续交通策略[J].城市交通,2008,6(4):12-15
[2]张若泉.加强土地整理促进耕地资源可持续利用[J].科技信息,2009,21:788-799
[3]郄霜涛.全球森林的毁灭比预测更为严重[N].光明日报,2009-06-12
[4]张敏,夏朝宗,陈雪峰等.世界各国森林资源发展状况及启示[J].林业资源管理,2008,(8):44-47
[5]雷加富.中国森林经营[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2007
[6] 2007年世界甘蔗主产国(地区)甘蔗收获面积、单产和总产排序[J]农业展望.2009,3:45
[7]徐欣,郑传芳.当前国内外食糖市场形势分析和展望[J].农业展望,2009,6:13-15
[8]李锦光.利用甘蔗渣生产纤板的思考[J].广西经贸,2001,2:38-39
[9]薛娜.甘蔗渣/废旧塑料袋复合材料的开发研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2006:1-63
[10]涂芳,孙可伟,李如燕.甘蔗渣/LDPE发泡木塑复合材料的研究[J].塑料工业,2007,3(5)16-19
[11]陆登俊,郭祀远,肖凯军.利用甘蔗渣制取乙醇和低聚木糖[J].甘蔗糖业,2005,5:33-36
[12]罗素娟,樊晓丹,韦毅,龙玉艳,王桂英.以甘蔗渣为原料制备纤维素粉的生产工艺[J].化工进展,2005,24(11):1306-1309
[13] S.Y.Ou,Y.L.Luo,C.H.Huang et al.Production of coumaric acid from sugarcane bagasse[J].Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies,2009,10: 253–259
[14] Shibat S, Cao Y,I Fukumoto. Press forming of short natural fiber-reinforced biodegradable resin:Effects of fiber volume and length on flexural properties[J]. Polymer Testing ,2005,24:1005–1011
[15]周兆,曹建春,汤佩钊.李晓林甘蔗渣模压包装材料研究[J].昆明理工大学学报,2002,27:06
[16] Shibat S, Cao Y, I Fukumoto. Press forming of short natural fiber-reinforced biodegradable resin:Effects of fiber volume and length on flexural properties[J]. Polymer Testing ,2005,24:1005–1011
[17]曹勇,陈鹤梅.甘蔗渣纤维增强可降解复合材料的制备与弯曲模量的预测[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2006,22(4):188-191
[18] Lei Y,Wu Q L, F Yao et al.Preparation and properties of recycled HDPE/natural fiber composites[J].Composites:Part A,2007,38:1664–1674
[19]覃程荣.甘蔗渣生产全降解农用地膜的研究[D].南宁:广西大学,2001:18-20
[20] Vilay V, Mariatti M , R M Taib.Effect of fiber surface treatment and fiber loading on the properties of bagasse fiber–reinforced unsaturated polyester composites[J]. Composites Science and Technology, 2008, 68:631–638
[21] Cao Y , Shibata S, I Fukumoto. Mechanical properties of biodegradable composites reinforced with bagasse fibre before and after alkali treatments[J]. Composites: Part A , 2006,37:423–429
[22]曹勇,柴田信一.甘蔗渣的碱处理对其纤维增强全降解复合材料的影响[J].复合材料学报,2006,23(3):60-66
[23] Bhattacharya D,Germinario L T,Winter W T. Isolation, preparation and characterization of cellulose microfibers obtained from bagasse[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers,2008,73: 371–377
[24] Pasquini D, Teixeira E D M, et al.Surface esterification of cellulose fibres: Processing and characterisation of low-density olyethylene/cellulose fibres composites [J].Composites Science and Technology, 2008, 68: 193–201
[25] Mulinari D.R,Voorwald H J.C.,M O H.Cioffi et al.Preparation and properties of HDPE/sugarcane bagasse cellulose composites obtained for thermokinetic mixer[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers.2009,75:317–321.
[26] Chiparus Q I.Bagasse fibers for production of nonwoven materials[D].Louisiana State:the Louisiana State University,2004:2
[27] S.C. Lee,M.Mariatti.The effect of bagasse fibers obtained (from rind and pith component) on the properties of unsaturated polyester composites[J].Materials Letters, 2008,62:2253–2256
[28] Chiparus Q I.Bagasse fibers for production of nonwoven materials[D].Louisiana State:the Louisiana State University,2004:89
[29]尹思慈.木材学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1996
[30]郭维俊,王芬娥,黄高宝等.小麦茎秆力学性能与化学组分试验[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(2):110-114
[31]冼杏娟.竹纤维增强树脂复合材料及其微观形貌[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1995
[32]郭玉华,朱四光,张龙步.不同栽培条件对水稻茎秆生化成分的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2003 ,34 (2) :89～91
[33]山东农学院.作物栽培学:上册[M] .北京:农业出版社,1992
[34]徐伟.天然竹纤维的提取及其结构和化学性能的研究[D].苏州:苏州大学,2006:19-90
[35]赵小锋,张军,李素波等.亚麻纤维化学成分定量分析方法研究[J].上海纺织科技,2008,36(2):51
[36]陈琼华,于伟东.黄麻纤维的形态结构及组分研究现状[J].中国麻业,2005,27(5):256
[37] Sun RC,Sun XF,Tomkinson J.ACS Symp Ser 2003,864:2
[38] Sarkanan K.V. Hergeht H.L.Classification and distribution in definition and nomenclature in lignins: occurrence,formation,structure and reactions.Tappi.1971, 50:583~590
[39] Pastarova I, Botto RR, Arisz PW et al. Carbohydr Res 1994,262:27
[40]田慧敏,蔡玉兰.竹原纤维微观形态及聚集态结构的研究[J].棉纺织技术,2008,36(9):544-547
[41] Daniella R. Mulinari et al.Preparation and properties of HDPE/sugarcane bagasse cellulose composites obtained for thermokinetic mixer[J].Carbohydrate Polymers. 2009,75:319
[42]邱卫华,陈洪章.红外光谱分析木质素在漆酶酶法改性中的反应性[J].光谱学和光谱学分析,2008,28(7):1503
[43] Masamichi Tsuboi,Randall.Infrared Spectrum and Crystal Structure of Cellulose[J]. Journal of Polymer Science,1957,159-171
[44] Sarkanan K.V. Hergeht H.L.Classification and distribution in definition and nomenclature in lignins:occurrence,formation,structure and reactions.Tappi.1971,50: 583~590
[45] J.X.Sun,X.F.Sun,H.Zhao,R.C.Sun.Isolation and characterization of cellulose from sugarcane bagasse[J].Polymer Degradation and Stability,2004, 84 :331-339
[46]刘瑞刚,胡学超,章谭莉.棉纤维素在NMMO中溶解前后结晶结构的变化[J].中国纺织大学学报,1998,24(4):7-10
[47]陈彩虹,石风俊,李并珊等.再生竹纤维素纤维热学和拉伸性质的研究[J].上海纺织科技,2007,35(8):55-57
[48]刘荣厚,牛卫生,张大雷.生物质热化学转换技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005 :9-10
[49] Gassan J,Bledzki V.Thermal degradation of flax and jute fibers[J].J Appl Polym Sci, 2001,82(6),1417-1422
[50]孙中伟,杨建平,郁紫文.竹原纤维的密度测试[J].纺织科技进展,2007,1:75-76
[2]张若泉.加强土地整理促进耕地资源可持续利用[J].科技信息,2009,21:788-799
[3]郄霜涛.全球森林的毁灭比预测更为严重[N].光明日报,2009-06-12
[4]张敏,夏朝宗,陈雪峰等.世界各国森林资源发展状况及启示[J].林业资源管理,2008,(8):44-47
[5]雷加富.中国森林经营[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2007
[6] 2007年世界甘蔗主产国(地区)甘蔗收获面积、单产和总产排序[J]农业展望.2009,3:45
[7]徐欣,郑传芳.当前国内外食糖市场形势分析和展望[J].农业展望,2009,6:13-15
[8]李锦光.利用甘蔗渣生产纤板的思考[J].广西经贸,2001,2:38-39
[9]薛娜.甘蔗渣/废旧塑料袋复合材料的开发研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2006:1-63
[10]涂芳,孙可伟,李如燕.甘蔗渣/LDPE发泡木塑复合材料的研究[J].塑料工业,2007,3(5)16-19
[11]陆登俊,郭祀远,肖凯军.利用甘蔗渣制取乙醇和低聚木糖[J].甘蔗糖业,2005,5:33-36
[12]罗素娟,樊晓丹,韦毅,龙玉艳,王桂英.以甘蔗渣为原料制备纤维素粉的生产工艺[J].化工进展,2005,24(11):1306-1309
[13] S.Y.Ou,Y.L.Luo,C.H.Huang et al.Production of coumaric acid from sugarcane bagasse[J].Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies,2009,10: 253–259
[14] Shibat S, Cao Y,I Fukumoto. Press forming of short natural fiber-reinforced biodegradable resin:Effects of fiber volume and length on flexural properties[J]. Polymer Testing ,2005,24:1005–1011
[15]周兆,曹建春,汤佩钊.李晓林甘蔗渣模压包装材料研究[J].昆明理工大学学报,2002,27:06
[16] Shibat S, Cao Y, I Fukumoto. Press forming of short natural fiber-reinforced biodegradable resin:Effects of fiber volume and length on flexural properties[J]. Polymer Testing ,2005,24:1005–1011
[17]曹勇,陈鹤梅.甘蔗渣纤维增强可降解复合材料的制备与弯曲模量的预测[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2006,22(4):188-191
[18] Lei Y,Wu Q L, F Yao et al.Preparation and properties of recycled HDPE/natural fiber composites[J].Composites:Part A,2007,38:1664–1674
[19]覃程荣.甘蔗渣生产全降解农用地膜的研究[D].南宁:广西大学,2001:18-20
[20] Vilay V, Mariatti M , R M Taib.Effect of fiber surface treatment and fiber loading on the properties of bagasse fiber–reinforced unsaturated polyester composites[J]. Composites Science and Technology, 2008, 68:631–638
[21] Cao Y , Shibata S, I Fukumoto. Mechanical properties of biodegradable composites reinforced with bagasse fibre before and after alkali treatments[J]. Composites: Part A , 2006,37:423–429
[22]曹勇,柴田信一.甘蔗渣的碱处理对其纤维增强全降解复合材料的影响[J].复合材料学报,2006,23(3):60-66
[23] Bhattacharya D,Germinario L T,Winter W T. Isolation, preparation and characterization of cellulose microfibers obtained from bagasse[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers,2008,73: 371–377
[24] Pasquini D, Teixeira E D M, et al.Surface esterification of cellulose fibres: Processing and characterisation of low-density olyethylene/cellulose fibres composites [J].Composites Science and Technology, 2008, 68: 193–201
[25] Mulinari D.R,Voorwald H J.C.,M O H.Cioffi et al.Preparation and properties of HDPE/sugarcane bagasse cellulose composites obtained for thermokinetic mixer[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers.2009,75:317–321.
[26] Chiparus Q I.Bagasse fibers for production of nonwoven materials[D].Louisiana State:the Louisiana State University,2004:2
[27] S.C. Lee,M.Mariatti.The effect of bagasse fibers obtained (from rind and pith component) on the properties of unsaturated polyester composites[J].Materials Letters, 2008,62:2253–2256
[28] Chiparus Q I.Bagasse fibers for production of nonwoven materials[D].Louisiana State:the Louisiana State University,2004:89
[29]尹思慈.木材学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1996
[30]郭维俊,王芬娥,黄高宝等.小麦茎秆力学性能与化学组分试验[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(2):110-114
[31]冼杏娟.竹纤维增强树脂复合材料及其微观形貌[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1995
[32]郭玉华,朱四光,张龙步.不同栽培条件对水稻茎秆生化成分的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2003 ,34 (2) :89～91
[33]山东农学院.作物栽培学:上册[M] .北京:农业出版社,1992
[34]徐伟.天然竹纤维的提取及其结构和化学性能的研究[D].苏州:苏州大学,2006:19-90
[35]赵小锋,张军,李素波等.亚麻纤维化学成分定量分析方法研究[J].上海纺织科技,2008,36(2):51
[36]陈琼华,于伟东.黄麻纤维的形态结构及组分研究现状[J].中国麻业,2005,27(5):256
[37] Sun RC,Sun XF,Tomkinson J.ACS Symp Ser 2003,864:2
[38] Sarkanan K.V. Hergeht H.L.Classification and distribution in definition and nomenclature in lignins: occurrence,formation,structure and reactions.Tappi.1971, 50:583~590
[39] Pastarova I, Botto RR, Arisz PW et al. Carbohydr Res 1994,262:27
[40]田慧敏,蔡玉兰.竹原纤维微观形态及聚集态结构的研究[J].棉纺织技术,2008,36(9):544-547
[41] Daniella R. Mulinari et al.Preparation and properties of HDPE/sugarcane bagasse cellulose composites obtained for thermokinetic mixer[J].Carbohydrate Polymers. 2009,75:319
[42]邱卫华,陈洪章.红外光谱分析木质素在漆酶酶法改性中的反应性[J].光谱学和光谱学分析,2008,28(7):1503
[43] Masamichi Tsuboi,Randall.Infrared Spectrum and Crystal Structure of Cellulose[J]. Journal of Polymer Science,1957,159-171
[44] Sarkanan K.V. Hergeht H.L.Classification and distribution in definition and nomenclature in lignins:occurrence,formation,structure and reactions.Tappi.1971,50: 583~590
[45] J.X.Sun,X.F.Sun,H.Zhao,R.C.Sun.Isolation and characterization of cellulose from sugarcane bagasse[J].Polymer Degradation and Stability,2004, 84 :331-339
[46]刘瑞刚,胡学超,章谭莉.棉纤维素在NMMO中溶解前后结晶结构的变化[J].中国纺织大学学报,1998,24(4):7-10
[47]陈彩虹,石风俊,李并珊等.再生竹纤维素纤维热学和拉伸性质的研究[J].上海纺织科技,2007,35(8):55-57
[48]刘荣厚,牛卫生,张大雷.生物质热化学转换技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005 :9-10
[49] Gassan J,Bledzki V.Thermal degradation of flax and jute fibers[J].J Appl Polym Sci, 2001,82(6),1417-1422
[50]孙中伟,杨建平,郁紫文.竹原纤维的密度测试[J].纺织科技进展,2007,1:75-76