语篇分析对英语阅读的影响
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摘要
阅读在英语教学中起着不可忽视的作用。传统的阅读教学只是注重词汇和语法的讲解,这种教学方法严重阻碍了学生语言水平的提高。本文试图从语篇角度对《高级英语》中的《讹诈》一文进行语篇分析,希望对今后的阅读教学有所启迪。
众所周知,语篇是阅读理解中基本的语义单位,并且会在特定的语言、文化和情境语境下进行。本文将对《讹诈》一文从语篇分析入手,并运用系统功能语法的概念功能、人际功能和语篇功能对文章进行具体分析,从而对文章大意和主旨进行良好把握。从而总结出运用功能语法进行教学的教学步骤。
第一章分析了传统的阅读方法,指出了问题所在并试图探索新的、有效的阅读方法-语篇分析。本章为以后的章节奠定了基础。第二章介绍了韩礼德的系统功能语法,系统阐述了三大功能和语境理论,提供了全文的理论基础。第三章运用三大系统功能对《高级英语》中的《讹诈》一文进行语篇分析。其中经验功能主要集中讨论了及物性系统和六大具体的过程。人际功能主要从语气系统进行分析,另外也对评价理论进行了分析。通过分析人际功能,读者可以体会到语篇的真正内涵。最终,主位结构和衔接手段被引进到语篇分析当中。衔接手段能证明文章是有意义的篇章。第四章基于语篇分析和功能语法,总结出一套阅读模式。通过分析八级阅读试题,可以得知,功能语法分析和系统功能语法有助于了解作者的写作意图和体味文章的主旨。
希望语篇分析和功能语法可以对英语阅读学习和教学以启迪。
Reading plays an important part in English learning and teaching. Traditional reading pedagogy only pays attention to vocabulary and grammar analysis, which hinders the development of the students' language competence. This thesis attempts to study the reading pedagogy from the perspective of discourse and makes practical and concrete suggestions as implication for EFL reading construction of English majors by analyzing one text Blackmail from Advanced English (Revised Version) Book 1.
It is well-known that discourse is the basic meaningful unit in the reading comprehension, which occurs within a certain linguistic, cultural and situational context. The thesis will elaborate Blackmail from the above-mentioned approaches. The experiential, interpersonal and textual dimensions will be adopted to grasp the essence and general idea of the article.
Besides the Introduction and Conclusion, there are four chapters in all in the thesis. Chapter One analyzes the traditional reading approach, points out the problems and exploits a new and effective approach -discourse analysis. This lays a foundation for the following chapters. Chapter Two introduces the Functional Grammar of Halliday and briefly presents definitions of the three Metafunctions and context, (field, mode and tenor) as well, which illustrates the theoretical framework for the whole thesis. Chapter Three analyzes the text Blackmail from Advanced English in details by use of the three Metafunctions and discourse analysis. To effectively decode a certain passage, we are also expected to have the knowledge of the genres and organizations of discourse which will guarantee us to shoot the arrow at the target. So context is also analyzed here. Chapter Four tries to summarize the reading mode based on discourse analysis and metafunctional grammar. By analyzing the TEM-8 reading comprehension questions, the thesis induces that the metafunctional grammar and discourse analysis can contribute a lot for the readers to figure out the intentions of the writers and taste the essence of the article.
Hopefully, discourse analysis and Functional Grammar analysis can shed some lights on English reading both in learning and teaching.
众所周知,语篇是阅读理解中基本的语义单位,并且会在特定的语言、文化和情境语境下进行。本文将对《讹诈》一文从语篇分析入手,并运用系统功能语法的概念功能、人际功能和语篇功能对文章进行具体分析,从而对文章大意和主旨进行良好把握。从而总结出运用功能语法进行教学的教学步骤。
第一章分析了传统的阅读方法,指出了问题所在并试图探索新的、有效的阅读方法-语篇分析。本章为以后的章节奠定了基础。第二章介绍了韩礼德的系统功能语法,系统阐述了三大功能和语境理论,提供了全文的理论基础。第三章运用三大系统功能对《高级英语》中的《讹诈》一文进行语篇分析。其中经验功能主要集中讨论了及物性系统和六大具体的过程。人际功能主要从语气系统进行分析,另外也对评价理论进行了分析。通过分析人际功能,读者可以体会到语篇的真正内涵。最终,主位结构和衔接手段被引进到语篇分析当中。衔接手段能证明文章是有意义的篇章。第四章基于语篇分析和功能语法,总结出一套阅读模式。通过分析八级阅读试题,可以得知,功能语法分析和系统功能语法有助于了解作者的写作意图和体味文章的主旨。
希望语篇分析和功能语法可以对英语阅读学习和教学以启迪。
Reading plays an important part in English learning and teaching. Traditional reading pedagogy only pays attention to vocabulary and grammar analysis, which hinders the development of the students' language competence. This thesis attempts to study the reading pedagogy from the perspective of discourse and makes practical and concrete suggestions as implication for EFL reading construction of English majors by analyzing one text Blackmail from Advanced English (Revised Version) Book 1.
It is well-known that discourse is the basic meaningful unit in the reading comprehension, which occurs within a certain linguistic, cultural and situational context. The thesis will elaborate Blackmail from the above-mentioned approaches. The experiential, interpersonal and textual dimensions will be adopted to grasp the essence and general idea of the article.
Besides the Introduction and Conclusion, there are four chapters in all in the thesis. Chapter One analyzes the traditional reading approach, points out the problems and exploits a new and effective approach -discourse analysis. This lays a foundation for the following chapters. Chapter Two introduces the Functional Grammar of Halliday and briefly presents definitions of the three Metafunctions and context, (field, mode and tenor) as well, which illustrates the theoretical framework for the whole thesis. Chapter Three analyzes the text Blackmail from Advanced English in details by use of the three Metafunctions and discourse analysis. To effectively decode a certain passage, we are also expected to have the knowledge of the genres and organizations of discourse which will guarantee us to shoot the arrow at the target. So context is also analyzed here. Chapter Four tries to summarize the reading mode based on discourse analysis and metafunctional grammar. By analyzing the TEM-8 reading comprehension questions, the thesis induces that the metafunctional grammar and discourse analysis can contribute a lot for the readers to figure out the intentions of the writers and taste the essence of the article.
Hopefully, discourse analysis and Functional Grammar analysis can shed some lights on English reading both in learning and teaching.
引文
Brown, P. and Levinson, S. C. 1978. " Universals in Language Usage: politeness phenomena". E. Goody [ed.] Social Markers in Speech. Cambridge: Cambridge Universtiy Press.
Brown, P. and Levinson, S. C. 1987. Politeness Universal in Language Usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Brown , R. & A. Gilman. 1960. " The Pronouns of Power and Solidarity". T. Sebeok [ed.] Style in Language. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Bloor, T. and Bloor, M. 2001. The Functional Analysis of English: A Hallidayan Approach. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Carrell, Patricia L. 1983.Some issues in studying background knowledge, in second language comprehension. Paper presented at the 17th Annual TESOL Convention, Toronto, Canada.
Carrell, Patricia L. et al. 1992. Interactive Approaches to Second Language Reading. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Channel, J. 1994. Vague Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
De Beaugrande, Robert. 2001. Linguistic Theory: The Discourse of Fundamental Works. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Eggins, S. 1994. An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistics. London: Pinter.
Fairclough, N. 1999. Language and Power .London and New York: Longman.
Firth, J. R. 1950. Personality and Language in Society. In Firth, J. R. Papers in Linguistics 1934-1951. London: Oxford University Press.
Fuller, G. 1998. Cultivating Science: Negotiating Discourse in the Popular Texts of Stephen Jay Gould, in Martin, J.R. and Veel, R. (eds.) Reading Science: Critical and Functional Perspectives on Discourses of Science. London: Routldege.35-62.
Grigson , Geoffrey, 1964. Dying Speech of an Old Philosopher from Poems by Walter Savage Landor. London: Centaur Press.
Gutwinski, W. 1976. Cohesion in Literacy Texts: a study of some grammatical and lexical features of English discourse. The Hague: Mouton.
Halliday, M. A. K. 1974. Language and Social Man. London: Longman for the Schools Council.
Halliday, M. A. K. 1978. Language as Social Semiotic: The social interpretation of language and meaning. London: Edward Arnold.
Halliday, M. A. K. 1985a. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. London: Edward Arnold.
Halliday, M. A. K. 1985b. Spoken and Written Language. Geelong: Deakin University Press.
Halliday, M. A. K. 2000. An Introduction to Functional Grammar (2nd edition). Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Halliday, M. A. K. and Hasan, R. 1976. Cohesion in English. London: Longman.
Halliday, M. A.K. and Hasan, R. 1989. Language, context and text: a social-semiotic perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Halliday, M. A. K. and Hasan, R. 2001. Cohesion in English .Beijing: Foreign Language and Teaching Research Press.
Hartnett, Carolyn G. 1986. Determining how written language is valued. In Barbara Coulture (ed.). Functional Approaches to Writing. Oxford: Frances Pinter.
Hasan, R. 1985. Linguistics, Language and Verbal Art. Victoria: Deakin University Press.
Leech, G. N. and Short, M. 2001. Style in Fiction: A Linguistic Introduction to English Fictional Prose. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Martin, J. R. 1992. English Text: System and Structure. Beijing: Peking University Press.
Martin, J. R. 2003. Working with Discourse: meaning beyond the clause. London: Continuum International Publishing Group.
Matthiessen, C. M. I. M. 1991. "A response to Huddleston's Review of Halliday's Introduction to Functional Grammar". Occasional Papers in Systemic Linguistics.
Matthiessen, C. M. I. M. 1995. Lexicogrammatical Cartography: English Systems. Tokyo: International Language Sciences Publishers.
Molinowski, B. 1923. The Problem of Meaning in Primitive Languages (Supplement I). In Ogden, C.K. and Richards, I.A. The Meaning of Meaning: a Study of the Influence of Language upon Thought and the Science of Symbols. London: Kegan Paul.
Munday, J. 2001. Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications. London: Routledge.
Thompson, G. 2000. Introducing Functional Grammar. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Thibault,P.1987."An Interview with Michael Halliday".R.Steel& T Threadgold[eds]Language Topics:essays in honor of Michael Halliday,Vol.2.Amsterdam:Benjamins.
White,P.R.R.2001.An Outline of Appraisal.www.grammtics.com/appraisal.
White,P.R.R.2005.Appraisal:An Overview.www.grammtics.com/appraisal.
戴凡,2005,《<喜福会>的人物话语和思想表达方式》[M],广州:中山大学出版社。
高彦梅,2004,《功能词的多元语义功能研究》[M],北京:北京大学出版社。
管淑红、王雅丽,2006,小说话语的人际意义.试析“Blackmail”中人物的权势关系[J],《外语与外语教学》,第4期。
黄国文,1988,《语篇分析概要》[M],长沙:湖南教育出版社。
黄国文,《语篇分析的理论与实践一广告语篇研究》[M],上海:上海外语教育出版社。
康响英,2008,论模糊限制语在《讹诈》中所反映的人际关系[J],《外语学刊》,第1期。
李美霞,2007,三大功能语法观对比研究[J],《外语学刊》,第2期。
刘群,2005,《勒索》文中的言语行为[J],《语文学刊》(外语教研版),第1期:27-30。
刘世生,1995,关于人际评论系统得体现[J],《外国语》,第5期:35-38。
李卫清,2004,英语语篇模式与阅读理解[J],《昌吉学院学报》,第1期:50-53。
李延福主编,《国外语言学通观》[M],济南:山东教育出版社。
李战子,2004,情态-从句子到语篇的推广[J],《外语学刊》,第4期。
李战子,2002,《话语的人际意义研究》[M],上海:上海外语教育出版社。
李佐文,2001,试论模糊限制语的人际功能[J],《北京第二外国语学院学报》,第6期。
刘辰诞,1999,《教学篇章语言学》[M],上海:上海外语教育出版社。
吕艳萍,2004,逆向教学法与语篇分析[J],《辽宁工程技术大学学报》(社会科学版),第1期:50-53。
孙维张、 吕明臣,1996,《社会交际语言学》[M],长春:吉林大学出版社。
唐丽萍,2006,《批评性跨文化阅读的主体间评价研究》[M],北京:北京大学出版社。
张乔,1998,《模糊语义学》[M],北京:中国社会科学出版社。
曾文熊,2005,国内外模糊限制语的语言学研究[J],《山东外语教学》,第3 期。
朱士昌,2002,情态值-社会人际关系的镜子[J],《上海师范大学学报》(社会科学版),第5期:117-124。
胡壮麟,朱永生,张德禄编,1996,A Survey of Systemic-functional Grammar[C],长沙:湖南:教育出版社。
王振华,2004,物质过程的评价价值[J],《外国语》,第5期:41-47。
王津,2002,系统功能文体学在文体分析中的应用-试析小说“Hotel”片断“Blackmail”的语言模式及其意义[J],《山东师大外国语学院学报》,第2期。
吴雁,2004,社会权势关系与会话合作原则的背离[J],《外语教学》,第6期:32-35。
应蕙兰et al.,1995,大学公共英语教学改革[J],《外语教学与研究》,第4期:72-75。
张德禄,1997:,《功能文体学》[M],济南:山东教育出版社。
张德禄,1999,韩礼德功能文体学理论评述[J],《外语教学与研究》,第1期:43-49。
张汉熙,1995,《高级英语》第一册[Z].,北京:外语教学与研究出版社。
张鑫友,2000,《高级英语学习指南》[M],湖北人民出版社。
章永兰,2005,《勒索》一文的系统功能语法分析[J],《天津外国语学院学报》,第9期:30-42。
郑三粮,1998,精读教学中语篇分析教学模式浅析[J],《广西教育学院学报》,第4期:110-112。
Brown, P. and Levinson, S. C. 1987. Politeness Universal in Language Usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Brown , R. & A. Gilman. 1960. " The Pronouns of Power and Solidarity". T. Sebeok [ed.] Style in Language. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Bloor, T. and Bloor, M. 2001. The Functional Analysis of English: A Hallidayan Approach. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Carrell, Patricia L. 1983.Some issues in studying background knowledge, in second language comprehension. Paper presented at the 17th Annual TESOL Convention, Toronto, Canada.
Carrell, Patricia L. et al. 1992. Interactive Approaches to Second Language Reading. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Channel, J. 1994. Vague Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
De Beaugrande, Robert. 2001. Linguistic Theory: The Discourse of Fundamental Works. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Eggins, S. 1994. An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistics. London: Pinter.
Fairclough, N. 1999. Language and Power .London and New York: Longman.
Firth, J. R. 1950. Personality and Language in Society. In Firth, J. R. Papers in Linguistics 1934-1951. London: Oxford University Press.
Fuller, G. 1998. Cultivating Science: Negotiating Discourse in the Popular Texts of Stephen Jay Gould, in Martin, J.R. and Veel, R. (eds.) Reading Science: Critical and Functional Perspectives on Discourses of Science. London: Routldege.35-62.
Grigson , Geoffrey, 1964. Dying Speech of an Old Philosopher from Poems by Walter Savage Landor. London: Centaur Press.
Gutwinski, W. 1976. Cohesion in Literacy Texts: a study of some grammatical and lexical features of English discourse. The Hague: Mouton.
Halliday, M. A. K. 1974. Language and Social Man. London: Longman for the Schools Council.
Halliday, M. A. K. 1978. Language as Social Semiotic: The social interpretation of language and meaning. London: Edward Arnold.
Halliday, M. A. K. 1985a. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. London: Edward Arnold.
Halliday, M. A. K. 1985b. Spoken and Written Language. Geelong: Deakin University Press.
Halliday, M. A. K. 2000. An Introduction to Functional Grammar (2nd edition). Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Halliday, M. A. K. and Hasan, R. 1976. Cohesion in English. London: Longman.
Halliday, M. A.K. and Hasan, R. 1989. Language, context and text: a social-semiotic perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Halliday, M. A. K. and Hasan, R. 2001. Cohesion in English .Beijing: Foreign Language and Teaching Research Press.
Hartnett, Carolyn G. 1986. Determining how written language is valued. In Barbara Coulture (ed.). Functional Approaches to Writing. Oxford: Frances Pinter.
Hasan, R. 1985. Linguistics, Language and Verbal Art. Victoria: Deakin University Press.
Leech, G. N. and Short, M. 2001. Style in Fiction: A Linguistic Introduction to English Fictional Prose. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Martin, J. R. 1992. English Text: System and Structure. Beijing: Peking University Press.
Martin, J. R. 2003. Working with Discourse: meaning beyond the clause. London: Continuum International Publishing Group.
Matthiessen, C. M. I. M. 1991. "A response to Huddleston's Review of Halliday's Introduction to Functional Grammar". Occasional Papers in Systemic Linguistics.
Matthiessen, C. M. I. M. 1995. Lexicogrammatical Cartography: English Systems. Tokyo: International Language Sciences Publishers.
Molinowski, B. 1923. The Problem of Meaning in Primitive Languages (Supplement I). In Ogden, C.K. and Richards, I.A. The Meaning of Meaning: a Study of the Influence of Language upon Thought and the Science of Symbols. London: Kegan Paul.
Munday, J. 2001. Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications. London: Routledge.
Thompson, G. 2000. Introducing Functional Grammar. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Thibault,P.1987."An Interview with Michael Halliday".R.Steel& T Threadgold[eds]Language Topics:essays in honor of Michael Halliday,Vol.2.Amsterdam:Benjamins.
White,P.R.R.2001.An Outline of Appraisal.www.grammtics.com/appraisal.
White,P.R.R.2005.Appraisal:An Overview.www.grammtics.com/appraisal.
戴凡,2005,《<喜福会>的人物话语和思想表达方式》[M],广州:中山大学出版社。
高彦梅,2004,《功能词的多元语义功能研究》[M],北京:北京大学出版社。
管淑红、王雅丽,2006,小说话语的人际意义.试析“Blackmail”中人物的权势关系[J],《外语与外语教学》,第4期。
黄国文,1988,《语篇分析概要》[M],长沙:湖南教育出版社。
黄国文,《语篇分析的理论与实践一广告语篇研究》[M],上海:上海外语教育出版社。
康响英,2008,论模糊限制语在《讹诈》中所反映的人际关系[J],《外语学刊》,第1期。
李美霞,2007,三大功能语法观对比研究[J],《外语学刊》,第2期。
刘群,2005,《勒索》文中的言语行为[J],《语文学刊》(外语教研版),第1期:27-30。
刘世生,1995,关于人际评论系统得体现[J],《外国语》,第5期:35-38。
李卫清,2004,英语语篇模式与阅读理解[J],《昌吉学院学报》,第1期:50-53。
李延福主编,《国外语言学通观》[M],济南:山东教育出版社。
李战子,2004,情态-从句子到语篇的推广[J],《外语学刊》,第4期。
李战子,2002,《话语的人际意义研究》[M],上海:上海外语教育出版社。
李佐文,2001,试论模糊限制语的人际功能[J],《北京第二外国语学院学报》,第6期。
刘辰诞,1999,《教学篇章语言学》[M],上海:上海外语教育出版社。
吕艳萍,2004,逆向教学法与语篇分析[J],《辽宁工程技术大学学报》(社会科学版),第1期:50-53。
孙维张、 吕明臣,1996,《社会交际语言学》[M],长春:吉林大学出版社。
唐丽萍,2006,《批评性跨文化阅读的主体间评价研究》[M],北京:北京大学出版社。
张乔,1998,《模糊语义学》[M],北京:中国社会科学出版社。
曾文熊,2005,国内外模糊限制语的语言学研究[J],《山东外语教学》,第3 期。
朱士昌,2002,情态值-社会人际关系的镜子[J],《上海师范大学学报》(社会科学版),第5期:117-124。
胡壮麟,朱永生,张德禄编,1996,A Survey of Systemic-functional Grammar[C],长沙:湖南:教育出版社。
王振华,2004,物质过程的评价价值[J],《外国语》,第5期:41-47。
王津,2002,系统功能文体学在文体分析中的应用-试析小说“Hotel”片断“Blackmail”的语言模式及其意义[J],《山东师大外国语学院学报》,第2期。
吴雁,2004,社会权势关系与会话合作原则的背离[J],《外语教学》,第6期:32-35。
应蕙兰et al.,1995,大学公共英语教学改革[J],《外语教学与研究》,第4期:72-75。
张德禄,1997:,《功能文体学》[M],济南:山东教育出版社。
张德禄,1999,韩礼德功能文体学理论评述[J],《外语教学与研究》,第1期:43-49。
张汉熙,1995,《高级英语》第一册[Z].,北京:外语教学与研究出版社。
张鑫友,2000,《高级英语学习指南》[M],湖北人民出版社。
章永兰,2005,《勒索》一文的系统功能语法分析[J],《天津外国语学院学报》,第9期:30-42。
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