基于FFT的配电网单相接地故障定位研究与实现
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摘要
我国配电网大多采用的是中性点非有效接地方式,即小电流接地系统。配电网结构复杂,发生的故障大多数都是单相接地故障。因此,配电网单相接地故障能否快速准确定位,对保障电力线路正常输配电,保证整个电力系统安全、稳定、经济运行有着十分深远的意义。
近年来,低频交流信号注入法在配电网单相接地故障定位中得到了有效而且较广泛的应用。由于导线分布电容的影响,低频交流信号注入法采用60Hz注入信号代替“S”信号注入法的220Hz注入信号。低频交流信号法采用二分法沿线路查找故障,探测器显示当前位置的实时电流波形,由于户外环境等因素,实时波形有时候难以判断当前位置的电流是分布电容电流还是故障电流。本文对探测器进行系统设计,硬件部分包括滤波放大电路,控制部分和显示部分,用Protel绘制电路板,主要芯片选择8051f310和UAF42来完成;软件部分设计包括单片机模数转换部分,定时计数部分,中断及频谱分析部分,用KeilC来完成程序的编译工作。
本文用FFT算法对探测到的电流信号进行频谱分析,比对工频信号和注入信号含量,通过显示两信号的能量分布来判断当前位置是否是故障点。
The distribution networks mostly adopt neuter point not- valid grounding in China, which is called the small current grounding system. The fault in distribution networks mostly is single-phase grounding fault because of its complex structure. The fast and accurate location that the single grounding fault, not only to the repair wire and promise dependable power supply, and circulate to the safe stability and economy that promises the whole electric power system to all have a very important function.
The low frequency AC signal injection method applies effectively and widespread in distribution network single phase-to-grounding fault location. Traditional“S”injection method with 220Hz injected frequency is affected by the wires distributed capacitance, so low frequency method adopts 60Hz instead of 220Hz. The low frequency method uses dichotomy along the route to detect the fault, and its detector displays the real-time current waveform of the current position. Due to the outdoor environment factors, it’s difficult to judge the present current distributed capacitance current or the fault current through the real-time waveform. The signal detector is designed systematically in the paper. The hardware part includes filter and amplification circuit, control section and display section, using Protel to draw boards with single chip 8051f310 and the filter UAF42. The software part includes the design of microcontroller A/D part, timing counter part, disruptions and spectrum analysis, with Keil C to complete part program compiles work.
A FFT algorithm is used to analyze the detected current signal’s spectrum in the paper. After compared the energy content with the power signal and the injected signal, the fault point can be judged by showing the two signals’energy content.
近年来,低频交流信号注入法在配电网单相接地故障定位中得到了有效而且较广泛的应用。由于导线分布电容的影响,低频交流信号注入法采用60Hz注入信号代替“S”信号注入法的220Hz注入信号。低频交流信号法采用二分法沿线路查找故障,探测器显示当前位置的实时电流波形,由于户外环境等因素,实时波形有时候难以判断当前位置的电流是分布电容电流还是故障电流。本文对探测器进行系统设计,硬件部分包括滤波放大电路,控制部分和显示部分,用Protel绘制电路板,主要芯片选择8051f310和UAF42来完成;软件部分设计包括单片机模数转换部分,定时计数部分,中断及频谱分析部分,用KeilC来完成程序的编译工作。
本文用FFT算法对探测到的电流信号进行频谱分析,比对工频信号和注入信号含量,通过显示两信号的能量分布来判断当前位置是否是故障点。
The distribution networks mostly adopt neuter point not- valid grounding in China, which is called the small current grounding system. The fault in distribution networks mostly is single-phase grounding fault because of its complex structure. The fast and accurate location that the single grounding fault, not only to the repair wire and promise dependable power supply, and circulate to the safe stability and economy that promises the whole electric power system to all have a very important function.
The low frequency AC signal injection method applies effectively and widespread in distribution network single phase-to-grounding fault location. Traditional“S”injection method with 220Hz injected frequency is affected by the wires distributed capacitance, so low frequency method adopts 60Hz instead of 220Hz. The low frequency method uses dichotomy along the route to detect the fault, and its detector displays the real-time current waveform of the current position. Due to the outdoor environment factors, it’s difficult to judge the present current distributed capacitance current or the fault current through the real-time waveform. The signal detector is designed systematically in the paper. The hardware part includes filter and amplification circuit, control section and display section, using Protel to draw boards with single chip 8051f310 and the filter UAF42. The software part includes the design of microcontroller A/D part, timing counter part, disruptions and spectrum analysis, with Keil C to complete part program compiles work.
A FFT algorithm is used to analyze the detected current signal’s spectrum in the paper. After compared the energy content with the power signal and the injected signal, the fault point can be judged by showing the two signals’energy content.
引文
[1]束洪春.配电网网络故障选线[M].机械工业出版社, 2008:2-7
[2]庞清乐.小电流接地故障选线与定位技术[M].电子工业出版社, 2006:1-19
[3]申双葵,黄军,周晋,等.应用于小电流接地电网单相接地故障定位探测器节点设计[J].电网技术, 2009, 2:38-41
[4] A.I.Shalin, E.N Politov. Ground fault protection for 6~10kV distribution system[J]. Power and Electrophysics, 2002, 430-433
[5]马士聪,高厚磊,徐丙垠,等.配电网故障定位技术综述[J].电力系统保护与控制, 2009, 37(11):119-123
[6] Oi Yu-lin, Cheng Yan, Yang Yi-han. A Compositive Fault Location Method for Single-Phase Earth Fault in 35kV Distribution Network[J]. Power System Technology, 2007, 32(10):16-20
[7]张利,杨以涵,杨秀媛.配电网离线故障定位方法研究与实现[J].电力系统自动化, 2009, 33(1):70-74
[8] Yukio Yamamoto, Hajime Yamada. Effects of Residual Magnetism on the Characteristic of Ground Fault Detector for Single Phase Circuit Use[A]. The Transactions of The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan, 2008, 98(3):783-789
[9] Ma. S. C, Xu. B. Y, Bo. Z. Q, et al. Transient current correlation based single phase earth fault location for distribution automation[A]. International Universities Power Engineering Conference. United Kingdom: IEEE Conference Proceedings, 2010:1-4
[10] M. El-Hami, L. L. Lai, D. J. Daruwala, A. T. Johns. A new travelling-wave based scheme for fault detection on overhead power distribution feeders[A]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1992, 7(4):58-63
[11] Silva M, Oleskovicz M, Coury D V. A fault locator for transmission lines using traveling waves and wavelet transform theory[A]. International Conference on Developments in power System Protection. 2004, 1:212-215
[12]张慧芬,潘贞存,桑在中.基于注入法的小电流接地系统故障定位新方法[J].电力系统自动化, 2004, 28(3):64-66
[13]王楠,张利,杨以涵. 10kV配电网单相接地故障交直流信号注入综合定位法[J]电网技术, 2008, 32(24):88-92
[14]戚宇林.中压配电网单相接地故障定位研究与实现[D].保定:华北电力大学, 2008
[15]桑在中,潘贞存,李磊.“S注入法”与选线测距定位[J].电力系统及其自动化学报, 1998, 4:36-39
[16] J. Zhu, D. L. Lubkeman. Automated fault location and diagnosis on electric power distribution feeders[A]. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 1997, 12(2):801-809
[17]张慧芬.配电网单相接地故障检测技术研究[D].山东:山东大学, 2006
[18]桑在中,潘贞存,李磊,等.小电流接地系统单相接地故障选线测距和定位的新技术[J].电网技术, 1997, 21(10):50-55
[19] Till Welfonder, Volker Leitloff. Location strategies and evaluation of detection algorithms for earth faults in compensated MV distribution systems[A]. IEEE Transon Power Delivery, 2000, 1594:1121-1128
[20] JIANG Tao-xi. A New Algorithm for Improving the Accuracy of Periodic Signal Analysis[J]. IEEE Trans on IM, 1996, 45(8):827-830
[21] Yu-lin Qi, Yan-wei Zhu. Application of signal generator based on reducing work frequency S’s signal injection method in distribution networks[A]. International conference on intelligent information management system and technology, 2007, 1:323-326
[22] Huifen Zhang, Zhiguang Tian, Enping Zhang. An Improved Algorithm for Fault Location in Distribution Network[A]. International Conference on Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis. Beijing, IEEE Conference Proceedings, 2008:727
[23]胡广书.数字信号处理—理论、算法与实现[M].清华大学出版社, 2008:133-148
[24] Geng Sheng-qun, Wu Si-liang. An FFT-based acquisition algorithm for spread-spectrum signal in high dynamic. International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems, Beijing, 2005, 2
[25]赵彦斌,张永瑞.信号谱分析中参数选择对频率分辨率的影响[J].电子科技, 2005, 11:6-9
[26]郑恩让,杨润贤,高森.关于电力系统FFT谐波检测存在问题的研究[J].继电器, 2006, 34(18):52-57
[27] Valenzuela J, Pontt J. Real-time interharmonics detection and measurement based on FFT algorithm[A]. International conference on Applied Electronics, Pilson, 2009, 259-264
[28] Xinqiao Fan, Yongli Zhu. Study on fault phase selection based on FFT and phase-separation current phase difference of high-voltage transmission lines[A]. International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation, Xi`an, 2010, 762-767
[29]陆桂芳.信号的采样及其频谱的计算机辅助分析[J].五邑大学学报, 1997, 11(1):40-44
[30]杨鹏,杨以涵,司冬梅,等.配电网单相接地故障定位技术试验研究[J].电力系统自动化, 2008, 32(9):104-107
[31] Pinwei Zhu. Design of surface electromyography detection circuit[A]. International Conference on Future Information Technology and Management Engineering, Guangzhou, 2010, 459-462
[32] Zhou Hai-feng, Xu Zhi-long, Lin Zhong-hua, et al. Simulation Design of Inverter in Solar Photovoltaic System Based on MCU[J]. Symposium on Photonics and Optoeletronics, Wuhan, 2009, 1-4
[33]贺小云,傅丰林,陈南.通用有源滤波器UAF42及其应用[J].电子科技, 2005, 3:43-44
[34]李凯,丁建亮,尧海昌,等.基于C8051F005的液晶示波器的研制[J].科学技术与工程, 2008, 8(13):3486-3489
[35] Xue-Ping Chen. Analysis and application for integrity of PCB signal[A]. International Conference on Information and Financial Engineering, Chongqing, 2010, 328-331
[36] Liu Ping, Peng Aiming, Peng Puping. A Novel Electrocardio Signal Detection and Analysis System Based on Virtual Instruments[A]. International Conference on Electronic Measurement and Instruments, Xi`an, 2007, 3:232-236
[37]李国辉,刘阳.基于C8051F005单片机电压数据采集[J].自动测量与控制,2007, 26(10):77-79
[38]翟流顺,余江,王勇. 80C51单片机定时误差的研究[J].科技信息, 2008, 35:419-420
[39]刘帆,林育子,戴玉珍.用C51语言实现单片机高精度定时的新算法[J].电气技术, 2008, 3:34-37
[40]杜艳生,谢克明,杨斌虎.基于DSP的数据采集及FFT实现[J].太原理工大学学报, 2004, 35(3):279-281
[41]刘理云.用LCD显示被测量波形的设计[J].北京电子科技学院学报, 2009, 17(2):89-96
[2]庞清乐.小电流接地故障选线与定位技术[M].电子工业出版社, 2006:1-19
[3]申双葵,黄军,周晋,等.应用于小电流接地电网单相接地故障定位探测器节点设计[J].电网技术, 2009, 2:38-41
[4] A.I.Shalin, E.N Politov. Ground fault protection for 6~10kV distribution system[J]. Power and Electrophysics, 2002, 430-433
[5]马士聪,高厚磊,徐丙垠,等.配电网故障定位技术综述[J].电力系统保护与控制, 2009, 37(11):119-123
[6] Oi Yu-lin, Cheng Yan, Yang Yi-han. A Compositive Fault Location Method for Single-Phase Earth Fault in 35kV Distribution Network[J]. Power System Technology, 2007, 32(10):16-20
[7]张利,杨以涵,杨秀媛.配电网离线故障定位方法研究与实现[J].电力系统自动化, 2009, 33(1):70-74
[8] Yukio Yamamoto, Hajime Yamada. Effects of Residual Magnetism on the Characteristic of Ground Fault Detector for Single Phase Circuit Use[A]. The Transactions of The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan, 2008, 98(3):783-789
[9] Ma. S. C, Xu. B. Y, Bo. Z. Q, et al. Transient current correlation based single phase earth fault location for distribution automation[A]. International Universities Power Engineering Conference. United Kingdom: IEEE Conference Proceedings, 2010:1-4
[10] M. El-Hami, L. L. Lai, D. J. Daruwala, A. T. Johns. A new travelling-wave based scheme for fault detection on overhead power distribution feeders[A]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1992, 7(4):58-63
[11] Silva M, Oleskovicz M, Coury D V. A fault locator for transmission lines using traveling waves and wavelet transform theory[A]. International Conference on Developments in power System Protection. 2004, 1:212-215
[12]张慧芬,潘贞存,桑在中.基于注入法的小电流接地系统故障定位新方法[J].电力系统自动化, 2004, 28(3):64-66
[13]王楠,张利,杨以涵. 10kV配电网单相接地故障交直流信号注入综合定位法[J]电网技术, 2008, 32(24):88-92
[14]戚宇林.中压配电网单相接地故障定位研究与实现[D].保定:华北电力大学, 2008
[15]桑在中,潘贞存,李磊.“S注入法”与选线测距定位[J].电力系统及其自动化学报, 1998, 4:36-39
[16] J. Zhu, D. L. Lubkeman. Automated fault location and diagnosis on electric power distribution feeders[A]. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 1997, 12(2):801-809
[17]张慧芬.配电网单相接地故障检测技术研究[D].山东:山东大学, 2006
[18]桑在中,潘贞存,李磊,等.小电流接地系统单相接地故障选线测距和定位的新技术[J].电网技术, 1997, 21(10):50-55
[19] Till Welfonder, Volker Leitloff. Location strategies and evaluation of detection algorithms for earth faults in compensated MV distribution systems[A]. IEEE Transon Power Delivery, 2000, 1594:1121-1128
[20] JIANG Tao-xi. A New Algorithm for Improving the Accuracy of Periodic Signal Analysis[J]. IEEE Trans on IM, 1996, 45(8):827-830
[21] Yu-lin Qi, Yan-wei Zhu. Application of signal generator based on reducing work frequency S’s signal injection method in distribution networks[A]. International conference on intelligent information management system and technology, 2007, 1:323-326
[22] Huifen Zhang, Zhiguang Tian, Enping Zhang. An Improved Algorithm for Fault Location in Distribution Network[A]. International Conference on Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis. Beijing, IEEE Conference Proceedings, 2008:727
[23]胡广书.数字信号处理—理论、算法与实现[M].清华大学出版社, 2008:133-148
[24] Geng Sheng-qun, Wu Si-liang. An FFT-based acquisition algorithm for spread-spectrum signal in high dynamic. International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems, Beijing, 2005, 2
[25]赵彦斌,张永瑞.信号谱分析中参数选择对频率分辨率的影响[J].电子科技, 2005, 11:6-9
[26]郑恩让,杨润贤,高森.关于电力系统FFT谐波检测存在问题的研究[J].继电器, 2006, 34(18):52-57
[27] Valenzuela J, Pontt J. Real-time interharmonics detection and measurement based on FFT algorithm[A]. International conference on Applied Electronics, Pilson, 2009, 259-264
[28] Xinqiao Fan, Yongli Zhu. Study on fault phase selection based on FFT and phase-separation current phase difference of high-voltage transmission lines[A]. International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation, Xi`an, 2010, 762-767
[29]陆桂芳.信号的采样及其频谱的计算机辅助分析[J].五邑大学学报, 1997, 11(1):40-44
[30]杨鹏,杨以涵,司冬梅,等.配电网单相接地故障定位技术试验研究[J].电力系统自动化, 2008, 32(9):104-107
[31] Pinwei Zhu. Design of surface electromyography detection circuit[A]. International Conference on Future Information Technology and Management Engineering, Guangzhou, 2010, 459-462
[32] Zhou Hai-feng, Xu Zhi-long, Lin Zhong-hua, et al. Simulation Design of Inverter in Solar Photovoltaic System Based on MCU[J]. Symposium on Photonics and Optoeletronics, Wuhan, 2009, 1-4
[33]贺小云,傅丰林,陈南.通用有源滤波器UAF42及其应用[J].电子科技, 2005, 3:43-44
[34]李凯,丁建亮,尧海昌,等.基于C8051F005的液晶示波器的研制[J].科学技术与工程, 2008, 8(13):3486-3489
[35] Xue-Ping Chen. Analysis and application for integrity of PCB signal[A]. International Conference on Information and Financial Engineering, Chongqing, 2010, 328-331
[36] Liu Ping, Peng Aiming, Peng Puping. A Novel Electrocardio Signal Detection and Analysis System Based on Virtual Instruments[A]. International Conference on Electronic Measurement and Instruments, Xi`an, 2007, 3:232-236
[37]李国辉,刘阳.基于C8051F005单片机电压数据采集[J].自动测量与控制,2007, 26(10):77-79
[38]翟流顺,余江,王勇. 80C51单片机定时误差的研究[J].科技信息, 2008, 35:419-420
[39]刘帆,林育子,戴玉珍.用C51语言实现单片机高精度定时的新算法[J].电气技术, 2008, 3:34-37
[40]杜艳生,谢克明,杨斌虎.基于DSP的数据采集及FFT实现[J].太原理工大学学报, 2004, 35(3):279-281
[41]刘理云.用LCD显示被测量波形的设计[J].北京电子科技学院学报, 2009, 17(2):89-96