基于压电材料的空间钢结构振动模糊控制理论与试验研究
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摘要
空间钢结构以其新颖的结构形式、优雅的建筑造型和强大的跨越能力而得到快速发展。但是由于这种结构具有自身形式多样,造型复杂多变,杆件和节点数目繁多等特点,目前对这种结构的研究一般都集中在静力性能方面,而对其动力灾变分析和减震控制方面的研究尚不多见。同时,由于大跨空间网格结构模型复杂,难以精确建模,且大跨空间钢结构属于本身刚度较小的柔性结构,在风或地震等动力作用下容易出现疲劳破坏,结构的动力响应也比较敏感,如何采用经济、可靠的振动控制手段以减少风或地震的灾害损失就显得非常必要。为此本文以模糊控制法,即不需要建立精确的模型、具有人工智能的方法,来进行大跨空间钢结构振动控制,很好地实现了其的抗风减振目的,控制效果明显。
本文系统地介绍了压电材料的基本特性和压电方程,压电驱动器的特性以及模糊控制的原理和结构,全面阐述了模糊控制系统工作的的基本原理和特点及其适用范围,并将压电驱动杆件集成于结构的关键部位进行大跨空间钢结构的振动控制。同时,进一步根据模糊控制的基本原理,提出了一种适合大跨空间钢结构模糊控制的模糊控制器设计方法和工作原理,利用SIMULINK工具箱建立了结构振动控制的分析与计算流程,并用模糊逻辑工具箱进行了网壳结构的模糊建模分析。为了验证理论分析的有效性和正确性,进行了空间钢结构模型结构的振动台试验。根据理论分析和数值模拟结果,设计并制作了两个不同的空间钢结构模型,对其节点配重和主元控制杆件的位置进行了优化,并对主元控制杆件集成于较优部位的空间钢结构模型结构进行了振动台试验,通过对实验数据进行了全面分析与计算,得出了一般压电主元控制杆件的振动控制规律。试验结果表明,理论分析与试验数据吻合较好,空间钢结构振动控制效果良好。为此,本文研究不仅具有重要的理论意义,而且也具有广阔的工程应用前景。
Space steel structure with its novel structure, elegant architectural style and a strong ability to get across the rapid development. But the existence of such a structure itself takes many forms, modeling complex, numerous bars and node characteristics such as the current structure of such studies have generally focused on the static performance, but its dynamic analysis and vibration control of disaster The study has just begun. As the large-span space steel structure in place its own rigidity of the flexible structure of the table smaller, so in the dynamic action of wind or earthquake, and so prone to fatigue damage under the structure of the dynamic response more sensitive, so the use of economic and reliable means to reduce earthquake losses is necessary to. However, large-span spatial lattice structure model complex, and difficult to accurately model. Fuzzy control as an intelligent control method is to mold and control technology, fuzzy product of the combination. It does not require the establishment of special hot accurate models, with artificial intelligence features. Hence, the control space steel structure model of vibration evident result.
This paper describes the basic characteristics of piezoelectric materials and piezoelectric equations, analysis of the characteristics of piezoelectric actuator.
Introduced the principle and structure of fuzzy control. Fuzzy control system described the work of the basic principles and characteristics of their scope of application.
The piezoelectric rods integrated into the structure of a key component of the steel structure vibration control of space. Analysis of the basic principles of fuzzy control and fuzzy controller design, using SIMULINK toolbox set up the control of structural vibration control processes, and use fuzzy logic toolbox was reticulated shell structure of fuzzy modeling analysis,
Has done a space steel structure vibration table test. Designed and produced two different models of space steel structure, its node weight and the main meta-control bar position were optimized. The control rods will be the main integrated in a good position to optimize the vibration table test. The experimental data were analyzed with the general principle component piezoelectric vibration control rods control law.
本文系统地介绍了压电材料的基本特性和压电方程,压电驱动器的特性以及模糊控制的原理和结构,全面阐述了模糊控制系统工作的的基本原理和特点及其适用范围,并将压电驱动杆件集成于结构的关键部位进行大跨空间钢结构的振动控制。同时,进一步根据模糊控制的基本原理,提出了一种适合大跨空间钢结构模糊控制的模糊控制器设计方法和工作原理,利用SIMULINK工具箱建立了结构振动控制的分析与计算流程,并用模糊逻辑工具箱进行了网壳结构的模糊建模分析。为了验证理论分析的有效性和正确性,进行了空间钢结构模型结构的振动台试验。根据理论分析和数值模拟结果,设计并制作了两个不同的空间钢结构模型,对其节点配重和主元控制杆件的位置进行了优化,并对主元控制杆件集成于较优部位的空间钢结构模型结构进行了振动台试验,通过对实验数据进行了全面分析与计算,得出了一般压电主元控制杆件的振动控制规律。试验结果表明,理论分析与试验数据吻合较好,空间钢结构振动控制效果良好。为此,本文研究不仅具有重要的理论意义,而且也具有广阔的工程应用前景。
Space steel structure with its novel structure, elegant architectural style and a strong ability to get across the rapid development. But the existence of such a structure itself takes many forms, modeling complex, numerous bars and node characteristics such as the current structure of such studies have generally focused on the static performance, but its dynamic analysis and vibration control of disaster The study has just begun. As the large-span space steel structure in place its own rigidity of the flexible structure of the table smaller, so in the dynamic action of wind or earthquake, and so prone to fatigue damage under the structure of the dynamic response more sensitive, so the use of economic and reliable means to reduce earthquake losses is necessary to. However, large-span spatial lattice structure model complex, and difficult to accurately model. Fuzzy control as an intelligent control method is to mold and control technology, fuzzy product of the combination. It does not require the establishment of special hot accurate models, with artificial intelligence features. Hence, the control space steel structure model of vibration evident result.
This paper describes the basic characteristics of piezoelectric materials and piezoelectric equations, analysis of the characteristics of piezoelectric actuator.
Introduced the principle and structure of fuzzy control. Fuzzy control system described the work of the basic principles and characteristics of their scope of application.
The piezoelectric rods integrated into the structure of a key component of the steel structure vibration control of space. Analysis of the basic principles of fuzzy control and fuzzy controller design, using SIMULINK toolbox set up the control of structural vibration control processes, and use fuzzy logic toolbox was reticulated shell structure of fuzzy modeling analysis,
Has done a space steel structure vibration table test. Designed and produced two different models of space steel structure, its node weight and the main meta-control bar position were optimized. The control rods will be the main integrated in a good position to optimize the vibration table test. The experimental data were analyzed with the general principle component piezoelectric vibration control rods control law.
引文
[1]Ahmed Ghobarah. Performance-based design in earthquake engineering state of development [J]. Engineering Structures,2001(3):878-884
[2]Ishikawa K and Kato S. Elastic-plastic dynamic buckling analysis of reticular domes subjected to earthquake motion [J]. International Journal of Space Structures,1998(3):205-215
[3]蓝天.空间结构的十年——从中国看世界.广州：第六届空间结构学术会议论文集[C],1992：1-8.
[4]沈世钊,徐祟宝,赵臣.悬索结构设计[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1997
[5]沈祖炎.大跨度空间结构的研究与发展,结构工程学的研究现状和趋势[M].上海：同济大学出版社,1995：22-31.
[6]刘锡良.现代空间结构的新发展.天津：第一届全国现代结构工程学术报告会论文集[C],2001：65-72.
[7]张凤文,刘锡良.开合屋盖结构开合机理研究.萧山：第九届空间结构学术会议论文集[C],2000：499-506.
[8]王秀丽,王磊.单层椭球网壳的动力性能研究[J].四川建筑科学研究,2009,(01).
[9]O.Hosozawa,K.Shimamura,T.Mizutani,The role of cables in large span spatial structures[J]: introduction of recent space structures with cables in Japan.Journal of Wind Engineering andIndustrial Aerodynamics.1999,21,795-804.
[10]沈世钊.大跨度空间结构的发展——回顾与展望[J].土木工程学报,1998,31(3),5-14.
[11]董石麟,钱若军.空间网格结构分析理论与计算方法[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2000.(1-5)
[12]Yao J T P,1972.Concept of Structure Control[J].ASCE Journal of structure Division, 98(ST7):1567-1574
[13]Baz A.,Hong T.H.Adaptive Control of Flexible Struetures using Modal Positive position Feedback. International Journal of Adaptive Contorl andSignal Porcessing1997,11:231-253。
[14]Mamdani E H and Assilian S,1974.AnExperiment in Linguistic Synthesis with a Fuzzy Logic Controler[J].Interneitional Journal of Man Machine Studies,7:1-13
[15]Goto K and Kobobta H,1994.Active Vibration Using Fuzzy Theory,PartI:On Control Algorithm and Control Redu[C].Procceeding of First Word Conference on Structres Control,WP1:13-20. Battaini (1998)
[16]Michael D,et al.,1999.Fuzzy Logic Control of Bridge Structural Using Intelligent Semi-Active Seismic Isolation Systems[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics. Dynamics. 28:37-60
[17]邹祖军.结构振动的模糊状态控制法.[D].地震工程与工程振动,2000.20,(1)
[18]欧进萍,张吉礼.作用模糊子集推理方法的研究与应用[J].模糊系统与数学,2000.3：58-65
[19]王刚,欧进萍.结构振动的模糊建模与模糊控制规则提取[J].地震工程与工程振动,2001.21(2)：130-135
[20]欧进萍,王刚.海洋平台结构磁流变阻尼智能控制的实验研究[C].“九五”国家自然基金重大项目——大型复杂结构的关键科学问题及设计理论论文集.哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2002。
[21]江毅.软件计算中的协作和融合技术综述[J].模糊系统与数学,1998.12(4)：1-10
[22]张利芬.结构振动的智能算法及其仿真分析[D].指导教师：欧进萍,哈尔滨工业大学,2001
[23]欧进萍,张利芬.双向模糊神经网络及其在结构振动控制中的应用[J].地震工程与工程振动2003.23(6)
[24]张沛霖、钟维烈,压电材料与器件物理[M].济南：山东科学技术出版社,1997
[25]杨大志.智能材料与智能系统[M].太牛津大学出版社,183-244
[26]欧进萍,关新春.土木工程智能结构体系的研究与发展[J].地震工程与工程振动,1999.20(1)：81-86
[27]UmlandJW, ChenGS.Active member vibration ontrol for a 4 meter Primary reflector support strueture. Proceedings of 33rd AIAA SDM Coneference,1992:393401
[28]Kamada et al.,1997Kamada T, Fujita T, et al.,1997Active Vibration of Fram Structures of shear and Bending Type with Smart Structer Using Piezoelectric Actiuator[C].Proceedings of SPIE,3041:75-86
[29]Cady WG piezoelectricity[M]. New York:Dover Pub,1964
[30]Tiersten, H.F. Linear piezoelectric plate vibrations[M]. New York:Plenum Press,1969
[31]王社良,田鹏刚.压电功能材料在智能桁架结构稳定控制中的应用[C].西安国际建筑大会论文集,2006
[32]E.F.Crawley, K.B.Lazarus. Induced strain actuation of isotropic and anisotropic plates[J]. AIAA Journal,1991,29(6):944-951
[33]Crawleya,Craig A.Intelligent Material System-The Dawn of a New Materia Age[J].Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures.1993,4(1):4-12
[34]Chen, L. W., Hwang, J. R., Axiymmetric dynamic stability of transversely isotropic mindlin circular plates[J]., J. Sound Vib.,1988,12 (1):307-315
[35]Chen, L. W., Hwang, J. R. Axiymmetric dynamic stability of polar orthotropic thick circular plates[J]. J. Sound Vib.,1988,12 (5):555-563
[36]E.F.Crawley, K.B.Lazarus. Induced strain actuation of isotropic and anisotropic plates[J]. AIAA Journal,1991,29(6):944-951
[37]P.F.Pai, A.H.Nayfei, K.Oh. A nonlinear theory of laminated piezoelectric plates[J]. AIAA Paper
No.92-2407, Proceedings of the 33nd SDM Conference, Dallas:TX,577-585
[38]岳林,刘福强.柔性智能桁架结构的独立模态空间控制方法的实验研究[J].机械科学与技术,2001,20(3)：456-459
[39]Kamada T.Active Vibration control of frame structures with smart structures using Piezoelectric actuators [J].In.Smart Materials and Structures,1997,6.
[40]V.M.Franco Correia, M.A.Aguiar Gomes, A.Suleman, C.M.Mota Soares, C.A.Mota Soares.Modelling and design of adaptive composite struetures[J].Computer methods in applied mechanies and engineering,2000,185:325-346.
[41]阎绍泽,吴德隆,叶青等用于自适应可展结构的压电式智能主动杆清华大学学报(自然科学版)42(6)2002：762-765
[42]M.L.Delorenzo Sensor and aetuatorse lection for large spaee structure control[J].Journal of Guidance.Control and dynamics 13.1990:249-257
[43]S.Pourzeynali,T.K.Datta.Semiactive fuzzy logic control of suspension bridge flutter[J] Journal of Structural Engineering,2005,131 (6):900-912
[44]MATLAB语言在建筑抗震工程中的应用[M]北京：科学出版社,2004,(214-225)
[45]张恩勤,施颂椒,高卫华等.2001.模糊控制系统近年来的研究与发展[J].控制理论与应用,18(1)：7-11
[2]Ishikawa K and Kato S. Elastic-plastic dynamic buckling analysis of reticular domes subjected to earthquake motion [J]. International Journal of Space Structures,1998(3):205-215
[3]蓝天.空间结构的十年——从中国看世界.广州：第六届空间结构学术会议论文集[C],1992：1-8.
[4]沈世钊,徐祟宝,赵臣.悬索结构设计[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1997
[5]沈祖炎.大跨度空间结构的研究与发展,结构工程学的研究现状和趋势[M].上海：同济大学出版社,1995：22-31.
[6]刘锡良.现代空间结构的新发展.天津：第一届全国现代结构工程学术报告会论文集[C],2001：65-72.
[7]张凤文,刘锡良.开合屋盖结构开合机理研究.萧山：第九届空间结构学术会议论文集[C],2000：499-506.
[8]王秀丽,王磊.单层椭球网壳的动力性能研究[J].四川建筑科学研究,2009,(01).
[9]O.Hosozawa,K.Shimamura,T.Mizutani,The role of cables in large span spatial structures[J]: introduction of recent space structures with cables in Japan.Journal of Wind Engineering andIndustrial Aerodynamics.1999,21,795-804.
[10]沈世钊.大跨度空间结构的发展——回顾与展望[J].土木工程学报,1998,31(3),5-14.
[11]董石麟,钱若军.空间网格结构分析理论与计算方法[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2000.(1-5)
[12]Yao J T P,1972.Concept of Structure Control[J].ASCE Journal of structure Division, 98(ST7):1567-1574
[13]Baz A.,Hong T.H.Adaptive Control of Flexible Struetures using Modal Positive position Feedback. International Journal of Adaptive Contorl andSignal Porcessing1997,11:231-253。
[14]Mamdani E H and Assilian S,1974.AnExperiment in Linguistic Synthesis with a Fuzzy Logic Controler[J].Interneitional Journal of Man Machine Studies,7:1-13
[15]Goto K and Kobobta H,1994.Active Vibration Using Fuzzy Theory,PartI:On Control Algorithm and Control Redu[C].Procceeding of First Word Conference on Structres Control,WP1:13-20. Battaini (1998)
[16]Michael D,et al.,1999.Fuzzy Logic Control of Bridge Structural Using Intelligent Semi-Active Seismic Isolation Systems[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics. Dynamics. 28:37-60
[17]邹祖军.结构振动的模糊状态控制法.[D].地震工程与工程振动,2000.20,(1)
[18]欧进萍,张吉礼.作用模糊子集推理方法的研究与应用[J].模糊系统与数学,2000.3：58-65
[19]王刚,欧进萍.结构振动的模糊建模与模糊控制规则提取[J].地震工程与工程振动,2001.21(2)：130-135
[20]欧进萍,王刚.海洋平台结构磁流变阻尼智能控制的实验研究[C].“九五”国家自然基金重大项目——大型复杂结构的关键科学问题及设计理论论文集.哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2002。
[21]江毅.软件计算中的协作和融合技术综述[J].模糊系统与数学,1998.12(4)：1-10
[22]张利芬.结构振动的智能算法及其仿真分析[D].指导教师：欧进萍,哈尔滨工业大学,2001
[23]欧进萍,张利芬.双向模糊神经网络及其在结构振动控制中的应用[J].地震工程与工程振动2003.23(6)
[24]张沛霖、钟维烈,压电材料与器件物理[M].济南：山东科学技术出版社,1997
[25]杨大志.智能材料与智能系统[M].太牛津大学出版社,183-244
[26]欧进萍,关新春.土木工程智能结构体系的研究与发展[J].地震工程与工程振动,1999.20(1)：81-86
[27]UmlandJW, ChenGS.Active member vibration ontrol for a 4 meter Primary reflector support strueture. Proceedings of 33rd AIAA SDM Coneference,1992:393401
[28]Kamada et al.,1997Kamada T, Fujita T, et al.,1997Active Vibration of Fram Structures of shear and Bending Type with Smart Structer Using Piezoelectric Actiuator[C].Proceedings of SPIE,3041:75-86
[29]Cady WG piezoelectricity[M]. New York:Dover Pub,1964
[30]Tiersten, H.F. Linear piezoelectric plate vibrations[M]. New York:Plenum Press,1969
[31]王社良,田鹏刚.压电功能材料在智能桁架结构稳定控制中的应用[C].西安国际建筑大会论文集,2006
[32]E.F.Crawley, K.B.Lazarus. Induced strain actuation of isotropic and anisotropic plates[J]. AIAA Journal,1991,29(6):944-951
[33]Crawleya,Craig A.Intelligent Material System-The Dawn of a New Materia Age[J].Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures.1993,4(1):4-12
[34]Chen, L. W., Hwang, J. R., Axiymmetric dynamic stability of transversely isotropic mindlin circular plates[J]., J. Sound Vib.,1988,12 (1):307-315
[35]Chen, L. W., Hwang, J. R. Axiymmetric dynamic stability of polar orthotropic thick circular plates[J]. J. Sound Vib.,1988,12 (5):555-563
[36]E.F.Crawley, K.B.Lazarus. Induced strain actuation of isotropic and anisotropic plates[J]. AIAA Journal,1991,29(6):944-951
[37]P.F.Pai, A.H.Nayfei, K.Oh. A nonlinear theory of laminated piezoelectric plates[J]. AIAA Paper
No.92-2407, Proceedings of the 33nd SDM Conference, Dallas:TX,577-585
[38]岳林,刘福强.柔性智能桁架结构的独立模态空间控制方法的实验研究[J].机械科学与技术,2001,20(3)：456-459
[39]Kamada T.Active Vibration control of frame structures with smart structures using Piezoelectric actuators [J].In.Smart Materials and Structures,1997,6.
[40]V.M.Franco Correia, M.A.Aguiar Gomes, A.Suleman, C.M.Mota Soares, C.A.Mota Soares.Modelling and design of adaptive composite struetures[J].Computer methods in applied mechanies and engineering,2000,185:325-346.
[41]阎绍泽,吴德隆,叶青等用于自适应可展结构的压电式智能主动杆清华大学学报(自然科学版)42(6)2002：762-765
[42]M.L.Delorenzo Sensor and aetuatorse lection for large spaee structure control[J].Journal of Guidance.Control and dynamics 13.1990:249-257
[43]S.Pourzeynali,T.K.Datta.Semiactive fuzzy logic control of suspension bridge flutter[J] Journal of Structural Engineering,2005,131 (6):900-912
[44]MATLAB语言在建筑抗震工程中的应用[M]北京：科学出版社,2004,(214-225)
[45]张恩勤,施颂椒,高卫华等.2001.模糊控制系统近年来的研究与发展[J].控制理论与应用,18(1)：7-11