家具意象认知及其设计影响机制研究
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摘要
家具产品以其丰富的造型形式和深刻的思想内涵,成为反映人类社会文明的一种标记。家具产品的物质存在及其造物行为本身,充分地反映了社会现象中政治、经济、艺术、技术和生活等各个方面的要素。对家具的理解是进行家具设计的基础。
家具产品作为设计求解过程的成果,不仅要具有可用性,满足功能等现实性需求,而且还要带给人们愉悦体验和心灵满足,满足消费者的情感需求。家具意象问题的提出,是以人类感性作为设计思考的出发点,以用户为中心作为技术发展的原点,寻找更多的可能性与创新途径。家具意象认知问题研究的本质是探讨如何认识家具。本研究以感性工学、形态学、符号学以及认知心理学等理论为基础,对家具意象的形成、结构及其认知过程进行深入探讨和系统研究,并对家具产品意象进行描述及量化研究,目的是为建立基于意象认知的家具感性设计研究体系提供理论基础和现实依据。为此,论文共分五个部分展开论述：
第一部分是家具审美范畴及其影响机制的探讨。主要针对家具审美问题,结合人的审美体验和审美需求,在文化、心理和物质等层面逐步探讨相关的审美问题。首先从家具审美的角度切入,分析了中国古代审美思想对家具审美的影响；然后从文化的视角,探讨了家具审美文化的特征和内在机制问题；最后导引出现代家具审美范畴概念,并从形式美、技术美、功能美、艺术美和生态美等五个方面明确了现代家具审美的特征,确定了现代家具的审美范畴,为审美需求向家具形态要素的转变奠定基础。
第二部分是家具意象生成机制和层次结构的解析。研究从心理和生理两个层面探讨家具意象的生成基础和过程,重点探讨家具的感知和意象问题,分析家具美感构成要素的获取渠道,明确了家具意象概念的具体内涵。再结合符号系统理论分析家具感性意象的基本属性及其构成关系,分析了外部语境对家具意象的影响,并结合认知和情感系统的维度确定家具意象的层次结构和相关内容,明确感性意象要素在家具审美中的作用,为现代家具感性设计提供目标导向。
第三部分是家具意象认知机制和认知模式的研究。研究结合信息处理理论,从意义传达的基本理论模式入手,分析家具意象内容的传达和实现过程,探讨家具意象认知行为的基本模式和组构要素,重点研究了家具意象认知中形态特征识别的内容和规律,并基于特征识别机制提出了家具形态特征认知模式识别的系统框架。然后从意象原型与形态特征之间的映射关系入手,构建了面向意象的家具形态描述模型,并以具体家具产品为研究案例进行了家具形态特征的认知实验,探讨了家具意象认知的思维结构,并以树型结构对家具意象及其构成要素之间的匹配关系进行了相关表征；最后在家具意象知识处理框架的基础上,研究构建了基于特征匹配的家具意象认知概念模型。
第四部分是家具意象认知实验及分析。采用语意差异法及现代统计分析方法提取影响使用者心理感受的家具形态特征,最终获取人们对家具意象的心理认知。研究选取了13组意象形容词组对30个座椅样本进行意象认知实验,并对实验结果进行了聚类分析和因子分析。通过语意实验和数据分析,构建了家具样本的语意空间及意象认知空间,并对其主要特征和基本规律进行了分析,为家具意象研究和现代家具感性设计提供了参考。
第五部分探讨基于意象认知的家具美感形成。首先分析了用户与设计师感知意象的在形成过程以及内容上的区别,然后用实验方法统计分析了用户和设计师在家具意象认知上的共同点及差异性,在定性分析研究的基础上,进一步明确了用户意象与设计师意象之间的匹配关系,构建了用户与设计师之间的家具感性意象匹配模型。
With the rich modeling form and deep ideological implication, furniture products have become a sign which reflect the civilization of human society. The material existence and creating behavior of furniture products fully reflect many elements in social phenomenon such aspolitics, economy, art, technology and life ect. The comprehension of furniture is the basis of furniture design.
Furniture products, as the results of design, should not only possess usability to meet the realistic necessaries, but also bring people pleasurable experience and spiritual contentment to meet the consumers' emotional needs. the proposal of study in furniture images is based on the idea that human sensibility is the foundation of design, and customer is the center of technology development, expecting to find more possibilities and innovating approaches. The essence of study in furniture images is to discuss how to understand furniture. This study, based on the theories of Kansei Engineering, morphology, semiology and cognitive psychology, explores and researches the formation, construction and cognitive process of furniture images in detail. At the same time, it also describes furniture images and does quantitative research about it, hoping to provide the theoretical and realistic basis for the research system of furniture sentimental design oriented on image cognition. Therefore, this paper develops around the following five parts:
The first part discusses aesthetic category of furniture and its influencing mechanism. Aiming at the furniture aesthetic and combining people's aesthetic experience and aesthetic demand, it mainly explores the related aesthetic issues from the perspectives of culture, mentality and material etc. Firstly, it analyses the influence of aesthetic thought of ancient China in furniture aesthetic from the perspective of furniture aesthetic; Secondly, it discusses the cultural characteristic and internal mechanism of furniture aesthetic; Finally, it leads to the concept of modern furniture aesthetic and clarifies the characteristics of modern furniture aesthetic in the five aspects of formal beauty, technical beauty, functional beauty, artistic beauty and ecological beauty, confirming the aesthetic category of modern furniture and setting the foundation for the transformation of furniture form element from aesthetic demand.
The second part analyses the generative mechanism and hierarchical structure of furniture images. It discusses the generative basis and process of furniture images from the mental and physiological dimensions, focusing on the perception and image issues of furniture, analysing the accesses to the inscape of furniture aesthetic perception and determining the specific connotation of furniture image concept. It also analyses the essential attribute and constitutive relationship of furniture perceptual image in the combination of symbol system theory and the influence of external context in the furniture image. It hopes to determine the hierarchical structure and related content of furniture images from the cognitive and emotional perspectives, clarify the effect of perceptual image element in the furniture aesthetic and direct the perceptual design modern furniture.
The third part studies the cognitive mechanism and cognitive pattern of furniture images. It combines the theory of information processing and starts from basic theory of meaning communication to analyse the communication and implementation procedure of furniture image content and discuss the basic mode and fabric element of cognitive behavior of furniture images. It mainly researches the contents and rules of the recognition of morphological characteristics in the cognition of furniture images and proposes the system framework for the cognitive pattern of morphological characteristics of furniture in the basis of feature recognition mechanism. Then, it starts from the mapping relation between image prototype and morphological characteristics to establish descriptive model of furniture morphology facing the images and conducts the cognitive experiment of morphological characteristics of furniture with the study cases of concrete furniture products, discussing the thinking structure of image cognition of furniture and representing the relevant matching relationship between the furniture images and their inscape with the tree structure. Finally, it establishes cognitive concept model of furniture images based on feature matching on the foundation of knowledge processing frame of furniture images.
The fourth part is the cognitive experiment and analysis of furniture images. It adopts method of semantic difference and modern statistical analysis technique to conclude the morphological characteristics of furniture which effect users' psychological feelings and finally obtain people's psychological cognition for furniture images. The study selects13adjectives about images to conduct cognitive experiment of images about30seat samples, moreover, it conducts clustering analysis and factor analysis about the experimental results. Through semantic experiment and data analysis, it establishes semantic space and cognitive space of images about furniture samples and analyses its main characteristics and basic rules so as to provide reference about furniture images study and perceptual design of modern furniture.
The fifth part discusses the formation of aesthetic perception of furniture based on images cognition. To begin with, it analyses the differences between the users and designers about the forming process and content of perceptive images. Then, it analyses the common points and differences of users and designers about the image cognition of furniture by experimental method. On the basis of qualitative analysis, the study further defines the matching relation between the users' images and designers' images, establishing the matching model of furniture perceptive images between the users and designers.
家具产品作为设计求解过程的成果,不仅要具有可用性,满足功能等现实性需求,而且还要带给人们愉悦体验和心灵满足,满足消费者的情感需求。家具意象问题的提出,是以人类感性作为设计思考的出发点,以用户为中心作为技术发展的原点,寻找更多的可能性与创新途径。家具意象认知问题研究的本质是探讨如何认识家具。本研究以感性工学、形态学、符号学以及认知心理学等理论为基础,对家具意象的形成、结构及其认知过程进行深入探讨和系统研究,并对家具产品意象进行描述及量化研究,目的是为建立基于意象认知的家具感性设计研究体系提供理论基础和现实依据。为此,论文共分五个部分展开论述：
第一部分是家具审美范畴及其影响机制的探讨。主要针对家具审美问题,结合人的审美体验和审美需求,在文化、心理和物质等层面逐步探讨相关的审美问题。首先从家具审美的角度切入,分析了中国古代审美思想对家具审美的影响；然后从文化的视角,探讨了家具审美文化的特征和内在机制问题；最后导引出现代家具审美范畴概念,并从形式美、技术美、功能美、艺术美和生态美等五个方面明确了现代家具审美的特征,确定了现代家具的审美范畴,为审美需求向家具形态要素的转变奠定基础。
第二部分是家具意象生成机制和层次结构的解析。研究从心理和生理两个层面探讨家具意象的生成基础和过程,重点探讨家具的感知和意象问题,分析家具美感构成要素的获取渠道,明确了家具意象概念的具体内涵。再结合符号系统理论分析家具感性意象的基本属性及其构成关系,分析了外部语境对家具意象的影响,并结合认知和情感系统的维度确定家具意象的层次结构和相关内容,明确感性意象要素在家具审美中的作用,为现代家具感性设计提供目标导向。
第三部分是家具意象认知机制和认知模式的研究。研究结合信息处理理论,从意义传达的基本理论模式入手,分析家具意象内容的传达和实现过程,探讨家具意象认知行为的基本模式和组构要素,重点研究了家具意象认知中形态特征识别的内容和规律,并基于特征识别机制提出了家具形态特征认知模式识别的系统框架。然后从意象原型与形态特征之间的映射关系入手,构建了面向意象的家具形态描述模型,并以具体家具产品为研究案例进行了家具形态特征的认知实验,探讨了家具意象认知的思维结构,并以树型结构对家具意象及其构成要素之间的匹配关系进行了相关表征；最后在家具意象知识处理框架的基础上,研究构建了基于特征匹配的家具意象认知概念模型。
第四部分是家具意象认知实验及分析。采用语意差异法及现代统计分析方法提取影响使用者心理感受的家具形态特征,最终获取人们对家具意象的心理认知。研究选取了13组意象形容词组对30个座椅样本进行意象认知实验,并对实验结果进行了聚类分析和因子分析。通过语意实验和数据分析,构建了家具样本的语意空间及意象认知空间,并对其主要特征和基本规律进行了分析,为家具意象研究和现代家具感性设计提供了参考。
第五部分探讨基于意象认知的家具美感形成。首先分析了用户与设计师感知意象的在形成过程以及内容上的区别,然后用实验方法统计分析了用户和设计师在家具意象认知上的共同点及差异性,在定性分析研究的基础上,进一步明确了用户意象与设计师意象之间的匹配关系,构建了用户与设计师之间的家具感性意象匹配模型。
With the rich modeling form and deep ideological implication, furniture products have become a sign which reflect the civilization of human society. The material existence and creating behavior of furniture products fully reflect many elements in social phenomenon such aspolitics, economy, art, technology and life ect. The comprehension of furniture is the basis of furniture design.
Furniture products, as the results of design, should not only possess usability to meet the realistic necessaries, but also bring people pleasurable experience and spiritual contentment to meet the consumers' emotional needs. the proposal of study in furniture images is based on the idea that human sensibility is the foundation of design, and customer is the center of technology development, expecting to find more possibilities and innovating approaches. The essence of study in furniture images is to discuss how to understand furniture. This study, based on the theories of Kansei Engineering, morphology, semiology and cognitive psychology, explores and researches the formation, construction and cognitive process of furniture images in detail. At the same time, it also describes furniture images and does quantitative research about it, hoping to provide the theoretical and realistic basis for the research system of furniture sentimental design oriented on image cognition. Therefore, this paper develops around the following five parts:
The first part discusses aesthetic category of furniture and its influencing mechanism. Aiming at the furniture aesthetic and combining people's aesthetic experience and aesthetic demand, it mainly explores the related aesthetic issues from the perspectives of culture, mentality and material etc. Firstly, it analyses the influence of aesthetic thought of ancient China in furniture aesthetic from the perspective of furniture aesthetic; Secondly, it discusses the cultural characteristic and internal mechanism of furniture aesthetic; Finally, it leads to the concept of modern furniture aesthetic and clarifies the characteristics of modern furniture aesthetic in the five aspects of formal beauty, technical beauty, functional beauty, artistic beauty and ecological beauty, confirming the aesthetic category of modern furniture and setting the foundation for the transformation of furniture form element from aesthetic demand.
The second part analyses the generative mechanism and hierarchical structure of furniture images. It discusses the generative basis and process of furniture images from the mental and physiological dimensions, focusing on the perception and image issues of furniture, analysing the accesses to the inscape of furniture aesthetic perception and determining the specific connotation of furniture image concept. It also analyses the essential attribute and constitutive relationship of furniture perceptual image in the combination of symbol system theory and the influence of external context in the furniture image. It hopes to determine the hierarchical structure and related content of furniture images from the cognitive and emotional perspectives, clarify the effect of perceptual image element in the furniture aesthetic and direct the perceptual design modern furniture.
The third part studies the cognitive mechanism and cognitive pattern of furniture images. It combines the theory of information processing and starts from basic theory of meaning communication to analyse the communication and implementation procedure of furniture image content and discuss the basic mode and fabric element of cognitive behavior of furniture images. It mainly researches the contents and rules of the recognition of morphological characteristics in the cognition of furniture images and proposes the system framework for the cognitive pattern of morphological characteristics of furniture in the basis of feature recognition mechanism. Then, it starts from the mapping relation between image prototype and morphological characteristics to establish descriptive model of furniture morphology facing the images and conducts the cognitive experiment of morphological characteristics of furniture with the study cases of concrete furniture products, discussing the thinking structure of image cognition of furniture and representing the relevant matching relationship between the furniture images and their inscape with the tree structure. Finally, it establishes cognitive concept model of furniture images based on feature matching on the foundation of knowledge processing frame of furniture images.
The fourth part is the cognitive experiment and analysis of furniture images. It adopts method of semantic difference and modern statistical analysis technique to conclude the morphological characteristics of furniture which effect users' psychological feelings and finally obtain people's psychological cognition for furniture images. The study selects13adjectives about images to conduct cognitive experiment of images about30seat samples, moreover, it conducts clustering analysis and factor analysis about the experimental results. Through semantic experiment and data analysis, it establishes semantic space and cognitive space of images about furniture samples and analyses its main characteristics and basic rules so as to provide reference about furniture images study and perceptual design of modern furniture.
The fifth part discusses the formation of aesthetic perception of furniture based on images cognition. To begin with, it analyses the differences between the users and designers about the forming process and content of perceptive images. Then, it analyses the common points and differences of users and designers about the image cognition of furniture by experimental method. On the basis of qualitative analysis, the study further defines the matching relation between the users' images and designers' images, establishing the matching model of furniture perceptive images between the users and designers.
引文
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