珠江口淇澳岛3类湿地软体动物群落生态学及分类学研究
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摘要
本研究对从2008年1月至2010年11月3年的珠江口淇澳岛沿岸地带最典型的3种不同类型湿地，人工池塘湿地（SW）、红树林沼泽湿地（MA）和潮沟湿地（EP）的底栖软体动物的种类组成、丰度、生物量、群落结构、时间和空间的变化以及与环境因素的相关性等做了研究和探讨。
珠江口淇澳岛3种不同类型湿地共鉴定到底栖软体动物16种，其中腹足类11种，双壳类5种，所有的双壳类都只存在SW湿地。总丰度：SW湿地（1824ind./m2）> MA湿地（1736ind./m2）> EP湿地（112ind./m2），3湿地年平均丰度为68ind./m2。软体动物物种多样性情况为：平均种类数为：MA湿地（2.82）> SW湿地（2.47）> EP湿地（1.33）；平均物种丰富度指数（D）、平均Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H’）大小和平均Pielou均匀度指数（J’）大小均同平均种类数大小趋势一致即：MA> SW> EP。
珠江口淇澳岛3湿地软体动物群落空间差异显著（p <0.05），各样地间的差异性大小为MA vs SW湿地> SW vs EP湿地> EP vs MA湿地。
AONSIM分析珠江口淇澳岛3种湿地软体动物的群落结构时间差异性，发现3种湿地无论是在季节还是年际间都不存在显著的差异。RELATE功能检验发现SW湿地第3年生物群落出现显著的线性变化。这种线性变化主要归功于瘤拟黑螺（Melanoides tuberculata (Müller，1774)）丰度的逐渐减少和河篮蛤（Potamocorbula sp.）丰度的逐渐增多（SIMPER）。
本研究还讨论了生物群落与理化因子之间的关系，BEST/BIOENV分析得出珠江口软体动物群落丰度与环境因子的相关性最高的环境因子为S-TN。
珠江口淇澳岛软体动物分类学研究部分分别对2国内新记录种：Assimineaestuarine Habe，1946及Iravadia (Fairbankia) cochinchinensis Bavey&Dautzenberg，1910和1热带新记录种：Cerithidea sinensis Philippi，1848以及本研究中观察到的其他种：Sphaerassiminea brevicula Pfeiffer，1855、Taiwanassimineasp.、Melanoides tuberculata (Müller，1774)、Laemodonta punctigera (H.&A.Adams，1853)、 Iravadia (Iravadia) ornata (Blanford)，1867、 Potamocorbulaamurensis（Schrenck，1867）、Potamocorbula sp.和Abra sp.做了描述与讨论。
A long term (biomonthly from Jan.2008to Nov.2010) studies in3differenttypes of wetlands (mangrove arbor, a tidal river, and an artificial lake) atQi’ao-Dan’gan I., revealed significant variations of species number, abundancebiomass and community structure, and no significant variations of temporal variation,and the relations with environment factors.
During this period,16species consisting of11species of gastropods and5species of bivalves were found in total. All of the bivalve species were found amongthe seaweeds. Total abundances of mollusks were1824ind./m2,1736ind./m2and112ind./m2at SW, MA and EP respectively, the average annual abundances of threewetlands was68ind./m2. The situations of kinds of biodiversity indexs for molluscscommunity were: Mean total species number (S): MA (2.82)> SW(2.47)> EP (1.33);the trend of mean Margalef’s species richness (D)、Shannon-Winner’s diversity index(H’)，Pielou’s eveness index (J’) were the same as the mean total species number: MA> SW> EP.
The community composition significantly differed among these wetland types (p<0.05), The dissimilarity of community structure among three wetlands were MA vsSW> SW vs EP> EP vs MA.
ANOSIM showed the mollusc community compositions exhibited no significantdifferences at three different wetlands in different seasons or different years. TheRELATE test found that there was a significant serial shift occurred during the3rdyear of sampling in the SW wetland. SIMPER found this serial shift were contributedto the decline of abundance of Melanoides tuberculata (Müller,1774) and theincrease of abundance of Potamocorbula sp..
In this article, relationships between the distribution of molluscs andenvironmental parameters are discussed as well. BEST/BIOENV found the bestenvironmental parameter was S-TN.
The taxonomic study of the molluscs on Qi’ao Island in the Pearl River estuarydecribed2new records species of China including Assiminea estuarine Habe,1946and Iravadia (Fairbankia) cochinchinensis Bavey&Dautzenberg,1910and1speciesCerithidea sinensis Philippi,1848was found in tropical zone for the first time andsome of other species in this article including Sphaerassiminea brevicula Pfeiffer,1855, Taiwanassiminea sp., Melanoides tuberculata (Müller,1774), Laemodontapunctigera (H.&A. Adams,1853), Iravadia (Iravadia) ornata (Blanford),1867,Potamocorbula amurensis (Schrenck,1867), Potamocorbula sp. and Abra sp..
珠江口淇澳岛3种不同类型湿地共鉴定到底栖软体动物16种，其中腹足类11种，双壳类5种，所有的双壳类都只存在SW湿地。总丰度：SW湿地（1824ind./m2）> MA湿地（1736ind./m2）> EP湿地（112ind./m2），3湿地年平均丰度为68ind./m2。软体动物物种多样性情况为：平均种类数为：MA湿地（2.82）> SW湿地（2.47）> EP湿地（1.33）；平均物种丰富度指数（D）、平均Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H’）大小和平均Pielou均匀度指数（J’）大小均同平均种类数大小趋势一致即：MA> SW> EP。
珠江口淇澳岛3湿地软体动物群落空间差异显著（p <0.05），各样地间的差异性大小为MA vs SW湿地> SW vs EP湿地> EP vs MA湿地。
AONSIM分析珠江口淇澳岛3种湿地软体动物的群落结构时间差异性，发现3种湿地无论是在季节还是年际间都不存在显著的差异。RELATE功能检验发现SW湿地第3年生物群落出现显著的线性变化。这种线性变化主要归功于瘤拟黑螺（Melanoides tuberculata (Müller，1774)）丰度的逐渐减少和河篮蛤（Potamocorbula sp.）丰度的逐渐增多（SIMPER）。
本研究还讨论了生物群落与理化因子之间的关系，BEST/BIOENV分析得出珠江口软体动物群落丰度与环境因子的相关性最高的环境因子为S-TN。
珠江口淇澳岛软体动物分类学研究部分分别对2国内新记录种：Assimineaestuarine Habe，1946及Iravadia (Fairbankia) cochinchinensis Bavey&Dautzenberg，1910和1热带新记录种：Cerithidea sinensis Philippi，1848以及本研究中观察到的其他种：Sphaerassiminea brevicula Pfeiffer，1855、Taiwanassimineasp.、Melanoides tuberculata (Müller，1774)、Laemodonta punctigera (H.&A.Adams，1853)、 Iravadia (Iravadia) ornata (Blanford)，1867、 Potamocorbulaamurensis（Schrenck，1867）、Potamocorbula sp.和Abra sp.做了描述与讨论。
A long term (biomonthly from Jan.2008to Nov.2010) studies in3differenttypes of wetlands (mangrove arbor, a tidal river, and an artificial lake) atQi’ao-Dan’gan I., revealed significant variations of species number, abundancebiomass and community structure, and no significant variations of temporal variation,and the relations with environment factors.
During this period,16species consisting of11species of gastropods and5species of bivalves were found in total. All of the bivalve species were found amongthe seaweeds. Total abundances of mollusks were1824ind./m2,1736ind./m2and112ind./m2at SW, MA and EP respectively, the average annual abundances of threewetlands was68ind./m2. The situations of kinds of biodiversity indexs for molluscscommunity were: Mean total species number (S): MA (2.82)> SW(2.47)> EP (1.33);the trend of mean Margalef’s species richness (D)、Shannon-Winner’s diversity index(H’)，Pielou’s eveness index (J’) were the same as the mean total species number: MA> SW> EP.
The community composition significantly differed among these wetland types (p<0.05), The dissimilarity of community structure among three wetlands were MA vsSW> SW vs EP> EP vs MA.
ANOSIM showed the mollusc community compositions exhibited no significantdifferences at three different wetlands in different seasons or different years. TheRELATE test found that there was a significant serial shift occurred during the3rdyear of sampling in the SW wetland. SIMPER found this serial shift were contributedto the decline of abundance of Melanoides tuberculata (Müller,1774) and theincrease of abundance of Potamocorbula sp..
In this article, relationships between the distribution of molluscs andenvironmental parameters are discussed as well. BEST/BIOENV found the bestenvironmental parameter was S-TN.
The taxonomic study of the molluscs on Qi’ao Island in the Pearl River estuarydecribed2new records species of China including Assiminea estuarine Habe,1946and Iravadia (Fairbankia) cochinchinensis Bavey&Dautzenberg,1910and1speciesCerithidea sinensis Philippi,1848was found in tropical zone for the first time andsome of other species in this article including Sphaerassiminea brevicula Pfeiffer,1855, Taiwanassiminea sp., Melanoides tuberculata (Müller,1774), Laemodontapunctigera (H.&A. Adams,1853), Iravadia (Iravadia) ornata (Blanford),1867,Potamocorbula amurensis (Schrenck,1867), Potamocorbula sp. and Abra sp..
引文
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