离心水泵叶轮工作曲面有限元分析及优化设计
摘要
随着工农业的发展,泵的应用范围不断扩大。对泵的水力特性和运行稳定性要求越来越高。离心泵叶轮是离心水泵的重要过流部件,其工作性能、效率直接影响着离心泵的工作性能。叶轮在工作状态下受离心力和水压力的共同作用,其受力状况复杂。传统的设计方法工作量大、效率低。随着数值模拟技术和有限元分析法在叶轮机械领域的应用,为结构设计及内部流场分析提供了依据。
本文以一个中高比转数的离心泵为对象研究了叶轮内流场模拟、叶轮的ANSYS静力和模态分析以及叶轮几何参数优化。首先在UG中进行叶轮实体的三维建模,将模型进行网格划分,并利用计算流体动力学(CFD)技术得到了离心泵叶轮内部流动的压力、速度分布和叶片上的压力分布状况。通过ANSYS进行静力和模态分析。最后用遗传算法工具箱优化了叶轮的几何参数。
通过离心泵的木模图建立了叶轮的三维实体模型,采用曲面工具分析了叶轮叶片的曲面质量,使叶轮的造型更加的合理准确,提高了叶轮设计的效率。
介绍了离心泵内部流动数值模拟的理论和方法,在GAMBIT中对叶轮进行网格划分和边界条件设定。使用FLUENT软件对离心泵内部流场进行求解,准确得到了离心泵内部流动的压力、速度分布情况,输出了分布于叶片上的压力数据。
针对以水为介质的离心水泵叶轮的强度和模态分析的还比较少,本文采用ANSYS的APDL程序语言把流场分析输出的压力数据加载到叶片上,实现了离心泵的流固耦合分析,并进行了叶轮静力分析和模态分析,得到了水压力和离心力作用下叶轮的应力应变情况及频率特性,计算结果表明设计工况下叶轮工作可靠。
建立了以叶轮的圆盘摩擦损失、水力损失和容积损失最小为目标函数,编写了目标函数的M文件,确定了优化变量的取值范围,使用Matlab的遗传算法工具箱对叶片的进口、出口角和出口宽度进行了优化,经理论反算效率比优化前提高了2.3%。
本文将数值模拟技术和有限元分析法相结合应用于叶轮结构设计分析,对提高叶轮的安全性与可靠性,缩短设计周期,降低成本具有重要意义。
With the development of the industry, the application of the pump is is expanding gradually. It is becoming more strict in hydraulic performance and operation stability. The impeller, as a major flowing-through parts, whose working performance and efficiency are playing a vital part in the working performance of the centrifugal pump. On the other hand, the impellers are involved in the complicated combination of the centrifugal force and water pressure. The numerical simulation and finite-element analysis are extensively used in the hydraulic machinery, which is reasonable to take the place of the traditional designing methods for their over-loaded work and low-efficiency.
On the basis of a medium-top special pump ,the thesis discussed the flow field simulation in the impeller, static analysis with ANSYS about the impeller and geometric parameters optimization of the impeller. Firstly, a physical model was modeled by the UG, gridded in the Gambit. Using the Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) technology, distribution such as pressure, velocity and surface pressure on the surface of the blade was obtained about the impeller of the centrifugal pump. The static analysis and model analysis are performed by using ANSYS. At last, geometric parameters of the impeller were optimized by GA(Genetic Algorithm) ToolBoxes.
Under the help of the formdrawing of the centrifugal pump, three-dimensional physical model of the impeller was modeled. The surfaces analysis of the impeller blade was made with the surfaces tool of the UG . The impeller modeling become more reasonable and accurated as well as more high-efficiently in designing.
Theories and methods about the interior flow numerical simulation of the centrifugal pump were discussed and some researches were made to mesh and set the boundaries of the impeller in the thesis. The interior flow fields were simulated by the Fluent software under full-work condition of the centrifugal pump, which was contributed to the précised distributions including pressure and velocity of the interior flow and exporting the surfaces pressure data distributing the blades.
At present, there rarely is researches involved in the strength and modal analysis which use the water as the medium. After the interior flow fields simulation, the APDL program language based on ANSYS was chosen to get the surfaces pressure date loaded on the blades successfully,obtain stress, strain and frequency characteristics of impeller with the water pressure and centrifugal force,the results show that the operation is reliable under the design condition.
To minimize the energy loss, a single-objective function, including disc friction, hydraulic loss and bulk loss, was established and compiled to M-files with the Matlab M-file compiler. As finishing setting a reasonable variables range, the inlet and outlet vane setting angles as well as outlet blade width were optimized by the GA toolboxes based on the Matlab. According to the back calculation with the optimized parameters of the impeller, the efficiency of the centrifugal pump largely increased than before by 2.3 percent.
In the thesis, numerical simulation and finite-element analysis were applied to physical design and analysis of the impeller. It is significant and constructive to better the security and reliability of the impeller, shorten the design cycle and reduce the cost.
本文以一个中高比转数的离心泵为对象研究了叶轮内流场模拟、叶轮的ANSYS静力和模态分析以及叶轮几何参数优化。首先在UG中进行叶轮实体的三维建模,将模型进行网格划分,并利用计算流体动力学(CFD)技术得到了离心泵叶轮内部流动的压力、速度分布和叶片上的压力分布状况。通过ANSYS进行静力和模态分析。最后用遗传算法工具箱优化了叶轮的几何参数。
通过离心泵的木模图建立了叶轮的三维实体模型,采用曲面工具分析了叶轮叶片的曲面质量,使叶轮的造型更加的合理准确,提高了叶轮设计的效率。
介绍了离心泵内部流动数值模拟的理论和方法,在GAMBIT中对叶轮进行网格划分和边界条件设定。使用FLUENT软件对离心泵内部流场进行求解,准确得到了离心泵内部流动的压力、速度分布情况,输出了分布于叶片上的压力数据。
针对以水为介质的离心水泵叶轮的强度和模态分析的还比较少,本文采用ANSYS的APDL程序语言把流场分析输出的压力数据加载到叶片上,实现了离心泵的流固耦合分析,并进行了叶轮静力分析和模态分析,得到了水压力和离心力作用下叶轮的应力应变情况及频率特性,计算结果表明设计工况下叶轮工作可靠。
建立了以叶轮的圆盘摩擦损失、水力损失和容积损失最小为目标函数,编写了目标函数的M文件,确定了优化变量的取值范围,使用Matlab的遗传算法工具箱对叶片的进口、出口角和出口宽度进行了优化,经理论反算效率比优化前提高了2.3%。
本文将数值模拟技术和有限元分析法相结合应用于叶轮结构设计分析,对提高叶轮的安全性与可靠性,缩短设计周期,降低成本具有重要意义。
With the development of the industry, the application of the pump is is expanding gradually. It is becoming more strict in hydraulic performance and operation stability. The impeller, as a major flowing-through parts, whose working performance and efficiency are playing a vital part in the working performance of the centrifugal pump. On the other hand, the impellers are involved in the complicated combination of the centrifugal force and water pressure. The numerical simulation and finite-element analysis are extensively used in the hydraulic machinery, which is reasonable to take the place of the traditional designing methods for their over-loaded work and low-efficiency.
On the basis of a medium-top special pump ,the thesis discussed the flow field simulation in the impeller, static analysis with ANSYS about the impeller and geometric parameters optimization of the impeller. Firstly, a physical model was modeled by the UG, gridded in the Gambit. Using the Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) technology, distribution such as pressure, velocity and surface pressure on the surface of the blade was obtained about the impeller of the centrifugal pump. The static analysis and model analysis are performed by using ANSYS. At last, geometric parameters of the impeller were optimized by GA(Genetic Algorithm) ToolBoxes.
Under the help of the formdrawing of the centrifugal pump, three-dimensional physical model of the impeller was modeled. The surfaces analysis of the impeller blade was made with the surfaces tool of the UG . The impeller modeling become more reasonable and accurated as well as more high-efficiently in designing.
Theories and methods about the interior flow numerical simulation of the centrifugal pump were discussed and some researches were made to mesh and set the boundaries of the impeller in the thesis. The interior flow fields were simulated by the Fluent software under full-work condition of the centrifugal pump, which was contributed to the précised distributions including pressure and velocity of the interior flow and exporting the surfaces pressure data distributing the blades.
At present, there rarely is researches involved in the strength and modal analysis which use the water as the medium. After the interior flow fields simulation, the APDL program language based on ANSYS was chosen to get the surfaces pressure date loaded on the blades successfully,obtain stress, strain and frequency characteristics of impeller with the water pressure and centrifugal force,the results show that the operation is reliable under the design condition.
To minimize the energy loss, a single-objective function, including disc friction, hydraulic loss and bulk loss, was established and compiled to M-files with the Matlab M-file compiler. As finishing setting a reasonable variables range, the inlet and outlet vane setting angles as well as outlet blade width were optimized by the GA toolboxes based on the Matlab. According to the back calculation with the optimized parameters of the impeller, the efficiency of the centrifugal pump largely increased than before by 2.3 percent.
In the thesis, numerical simulation and finite-element analysis were applied to physical design and analysis of the impeller. It is significant and constructive to better the security and reliability of the impeller, shorten the design cycle and reduce the cost.
引文
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