公共阅读工作面色彩和人工光环境评价研究
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摘要
为了分析公共阅读光环境和工作面色彩等因素对阅读作业的影响，建立合理而有效的公共阅读环境模型，对阅读环境进行评价，本文将心理物理学研究方法和心理生理学实验方法引入到环境心理学的研究中来，利用心理学、生理学中多种参数指标对公共阅读环境进行了分析和评价。
本文利用心理物理法对公共阅读环境进行分析和评价。通过阅读作业者在24种环境下进行阅读作业时对反映阅读环境质量的9个主观参量进行了主观评价实验，给出了照度条件、工作面色彩等因素对阅读者心理的影响状况。从阅读环境的物理特性、色彩原理等多种角度对实验结果进行了分析和解释；利用统计学中相关性分析的方法，分析了阅读环境中照度条件、工作面色彩等客观物理量与多种主观量之间的相关程度，进一步分析这些客观量对主观量的影响情况。建立了较为完善的阅读环境心理物理法评价方法，该方法可较为有效的对一定物理条件下的阅读环境进行主观心理物理法评价。
设计了勾销视觉作业的实验方法，通过勾销实验对工作效率、疲劳程度等量进行定量测量、分析与评价。实验将一定时间内被试者在一定阅读环境内阅读作业中工作量和阅读作业准确率作为评价阅读者疲劳程度和阅读环境优劣的客观指标。该指标可避免心理物理法中被试者主观心理状态对实验客观性的影响。设计了以5个字母为单元的随机的英文字母作为阅读作业材料，保证了用阅读总量和阅读准确率等参数来反映阅读者疲劳程度、心理状态等的相对客观性。
提出了公共阅读环境评价的心理生理学方法。利用心率变异(HRV)分析的方法，对不同阅读环境下从事阅读作业时被试者HRV变化的比较，对工作面色彩、照度水平等因素对阅读环境的影响进行了分析。实验选择心率变异性中RSSMD和LF／HF指标作为被试者的脑力性疲劳程度的评价指标。实验说明采用心理生理法通过记录被试者生理信号的变化可实现对其疲劳程度的判别以及对其作业环境进行评价。
为了综合分析环境中多种物理量对阅读环境质量的影响，本文建立公共阅读环境的人工神经网络模型。模型采用三层BP网结构，以照度条件和桌面明度作为网络的输入参数，将一定时间内相对阅读作业总量和相对阅读准确率作为模型的输出参数。该模型可以同时考虑阅读环境中多种参数对阅读作业的共同作用，反映了阅读环境中多种参数的多变量、强耦合性的特征。利用该模型，本文分析了照度条件和桌面明度条件在不同情况下对阅读作业的影响，得出了当桌面明度处于40～70之间，照度条件在190～2701x时，一般可得到较为理性的阅读环境的结论。人工神经网络模型综合考虑阅读环境中多种物理参数对阅读作业者的共同作用和对阅读环境优劣的影响，较单变量分析过程更为充分可靠。
In order to analyze the effect of lighting environment and desktop's color on the reading works in public reading environment, and establish reading environment model and analyze the reading environment, in the research, psychophysics and psychophysiology are applied to study environmental psychology. With the help of multi-parameters in psychology and physiology, evaluation and analysis of public reading environment are realized in this thesis.
A psychophysiology method is used for analyzing and evaluation of public reading environment. In experiments, subjects give their subjective opinions of 9 subjective parameters in the 24 kinds of reading environments during their reading works, which could give the effect of objective environment parameters, such as illuminance, desktop's color and et, on the readers' psychology. The experiments' results are analyzed and explained from the reading environment's physical characters and color theory. Using the method of relativity in statistics, relativity between objective physical parameters (illuminance, desktop's color, which includes L*, a*, 6*and C*) and subjective parameters was calculated. And furthermore analysis produces the effects of objective parameters on the subjective ones. Combining physical analysis with mathematic analysis, this research establishes a relative perfect psychophysical method for reading environment evaluation.
In this thesis, a kind of crossing-out experiment is designed, which aims at weakening the subjective effects from subjects. In this experiment, working efficiency and mental fatigue degree were quantitatively measured, analyzed and evaluated through charactering the gross of letters crossed out and reading accuracy as objective indexes for appraising reading environment. These indexes can reduce the influence from subjective opinions. Reading materials composing with 5-random-letter cells ensures that reading gross and accuracy can character reader's fatigue degree and mental mentation objectively.
Psychophysiology method for evaluating public reading environment is investigated in this research. With the help of heart ratio variability (HRV) analysis, subjects' HRV changing in different reading environments are compared. Furthermore, influences of some factors, such as desktop's color and illuminance degree, for reading environment are analyzed. In the experiment, RSSMD and LF/HF are selected as evaluating indexes for mental fatigue. Experiment results show that psychophysiology can estimate mental fatigue degree and evaluate working environment though recording physiological signals of subjects.
Finally, an artificial neural net (ANN) model is established for considering multi physical factors' effects on reading environment. Typical back-propagation net (BP net) with three layers is selected, whose inputs parameters are illuminance and desktop's brightness, and outputs are relative reading gross and reading accuracy. The ANN model could consider several factors' effects on reading working at the same time, which can figure out multi-parameters and strong coupling in reading environment. Using the ANN model, illuminance and brightness are analyzed and relative reading gross and reading accuracy are calculated under different reading
environments. Calculated data show that the environment with 40-70 brightness and 190~2701ux will be perfect. ANN modeling for public reading environment can express the interaction and coupling of multi-parameters in reading environment, which will be more reliable comparing with single-parameter analyzing method.
本文利用心理物理法对公共阅读环境进行分析和评价。通过阅读作业者在24种环境下进行阅读作业时对反映阅读环境质量的9个主观参量进行了主观评价实验，给出了照度条件、工作面色彩等因素对阅读者心理的影响状况。从阅读环境的物理特性、色彩原理等多种角度对实验结果进行了分析和解释；利用统计学中相关性分析的方法，分析了阅读环境中照度条件、工作面色彩等客观物理量与多种主观量之间的相关程度，进一步分析这些客观量对主观量的影响情况。建立了较为完善的阅读环境心理物理法评价方法，该方法可较为有效的对一定物理条件下的阅读环境进行主观心理物理法评价。
设计了勾销视觉作业的实验方法，通过勾销实验对工作效率、疲劳程度等量进行定量测量、分析与评价。实验将一定时间内被试者在一定阅读环境内阅读作业中工作量和阅读作业准确率作为评价阅读者疲劳程度和阅读环境优劣的客观指标。该指标可避免心理物理法中被试者主观心理状态对实验客观性的影响。设计了以5个字母为单元的随机的英文字母作为阅读作业材料，保证了用阅读总量和阅读准确率等参数来反映阅读者疲劳程度、心理状态等的相对客观性。
提出了公共阅读环境评价的心理生理学方法。利用心率变异(HRV)分析的方法，对不同阅读环境下从事阅读作业时被试者HRV变化的比较，对工作面色彩、照度水平等因素对阅读环境的影响进行了分析。实验选择心率变异性中RSSMD和LF／HF指标作为被试者的脑力性疲劳程度的评价指标。实验说明采用心理生理法通过记录被试者生理信号的变化可实现对其疲劳程度的判别以及对其作业环境进行评价。
为了综合分析环境中多种物理量对阅读环境质量的影响，本文建立公共阅读环境的人工神经网络模型。模型采用三层BP网结构，以照度条件和桌面明度作为网络的输入参数，将一定时间内相对阅读作业总量和相对阅读准确率作为模型的输出参数。该模型可以同时考虑阅读环境中多种参数对阅读作业的共同作用，反映了阅读环境中多种参数的多变量、强耦合性的特征。利用该模型，本文分析了照度条件和桌面明度条件在不同情况下对阅读作业的影响，得出了当桌面明度处于40～70之间，照度条件在190～2701x时，一般可得到较为理性的阅读环境的结论。人工神经网络模型综合考虑阅读环境中多种物理参数对阅读作业者的共同作用和对阅读环境优劣的影响，较单变量分析过程更为充分可靠。
In order to analyze the effect of lighting environment and desktop's color on the reading works in public reading environment, and establish reading environment model and analyze the reading environment, in the research, psychophysics and psychophysiology are applied to study environmental psychology. With the help of multi-parameters in psychology and physiology, evaluation and analysis of public reading environment are realized in this thesis.
A psychophysiology method is used for analyzing and evaluation of public reading environment. In experiments, subjects give their subjective opinions of 9 subjective parameters in the 24 kinds of reading environments during their reading works, which could give the effect of objective environment parameters, such as illuminance, desktop's color and et, on the readers' psychology. The experiments' results are analyzed and explained from the reading environment's physical characters and color theory. Using the method of relativity in statistics, relativity between objective physical parameters (illuminance, desktop's color, which includes L*, a*, 6*and C*) and subjective parameters was calculated. And furthermore analysis produces the effects of objective parameters on the subjective ones. Combining physical analysis with mathematic analysis, this research establishes a relative perfect psychophysical method for reading environment evaluation.
In this thesis, a kind of crossing-out experiment is designed, which aims at weakening the subjective effects from subjects. In this experiment, working efficiency and mental fatigue degree were quantitatively measured, analyzed and evaluated through charactering the gross of letters crossed out and reading accuracy as objective indexes for appraising reading environment. These indexes can reduce the influence from subjective opinions. Reading materials composing with 5-random-letter cells ensures that reading gross and accuracy can character reader's fatigue degree and mental mentation objectively.
Psychophysiology method for evaluating public reading environment is investigated in this research. With the help of heart ratio variability (HRV) analysis, subjects' HRV changing in different reading environments are compared. Furthermore, influences of some factors, such as desktop's color and illuminance degree, for reading environment are analyzed. In the experiment, RSSMD and LF/HF are selected as evaluating indexes for mental fatigue. Experiment results show that psychophysiology can estimate mental fatigue degree and evaluate working environment though recording physiological signals of subjects.
Finally, an artificial neural net (ANN) model is established for considering multi physical factors' effects on reading environment. Typical back-propagation net (BP net) with three layers is selected, whose inputs parameters are illuminance and desktop's brightness, and outputs are relative reading gross and reading accuracy. The ANN model could consider several factors' effects on reading working at the same time, which can figure out multi-parameters and strong coupling in reading environment. Using the ANN model, illuminance and brightness are analyzed and relative reading gross and reading accuracy are calculated under different reading
environments. Calculated data show that the environment with 40-70 brightness and 190~2701ux will be perfect. ANN modeling for public reading environment can express the interaction and coupling of multi-parameters in reading environment, which will be more reliable comparing with single-parameter analyzing method.
引文
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84．雷正山等．心率变异性分析方法学的实验研究．上海铁道大学学报 2000
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