LTE-A系统中先进技术研究
|
摘要
随着用户对通信业务需求的不断提高和WiMAX技术的迅猛发展,3GPP (The3rd Generation Partnership Project)为了应对挑战开始了对LTE (Long Term Evolution)技术的研究。LTE-A技术是在LTE技术的基础上针对网络中的突出问题进行更进一步的研究。在演进的过程中为了满足了网络的系统容量、用户吞吐量等需求,提出了多点协作、异构网、载波聚合以及中继等多项技术。异构网技术在网络中引入了新的低功率小区,很好的解决了热点覆盖问题；多点协作技术通过基站间的协作提高了系统性能,尤其是小区边缘的服务质量,这些技术都是当今移动通信研究的热点。
本文介绍了LTE-A技术中异构网和多点协作技术,主要包括：
(1)根据协议规定和理论研究搭建仿真平台,详细介绍仿真平台中的测量规则、事件触发、切换、调度等算法。本文对两种调度算法做重点介绍,分别是轮询调度算法和正比公平调度算法。组成系统平台的主要部分有：网络的拓扑模块、移动性模块、测量模块、反馈和调度模块。主要算法和重点模块构成了仿真平台的核心,保证了数据的准确性。
(2)异构网系统中,由于低功率节点引入改变了原来的基站分布对系统性能造成影响,体现在信道干扰的计算、小区间切换和系统资源分配。低功率节点的引入增加了系统的干扰源也提高了系统的复杂度。干扰的增加使切换失败率提高,通过干扰协调方案来解决此问题。针对资源分配不均的问题提出了负载均衡算法,综合考虑小区的负载和用户服务质量实现资源的均衡分配,提高系统的整体性能。
(3)多点协作系统中每个用户可以有多个服务小区,在进行切换判决时有多种方案。为了找到最佳的切换方案,在切换时需要综合考虑多点协作集合中小区的信息。本文对三种不同判决条件下的切换进行仿真,通过对切换总数、乒乓切换数和系统吞吐量的结果分析,通过对比最后选出一种切换数较少同时系统吞吐量较高的最优方案。
Along with the high user demand of communication service and WiMAX technology develop rapidly. In order to meet this challenges,3GPP began the research of LTE. LTE-A is the further evolution of LTE. In the course of evolution, LTE-A introduced CoMP(Coordinated Multi-point Transmission and Reception), Het-Net (Heterogeneous Network), CA (Carrier Aggregation) and Relay as feature, which can meet the demand of system capacity and user throughput. Het-Net solved the problem of hot point overlap after include low-power node. CoMP improve the system performance via the coordinate of several node, especially the service quality in the cell edge. Nowadays, this technologies has became the hotspot of mobile communication research.
This paper emphasizes Het-Net and CoMP technology of LTE-A. The main contributions are as follows:
Construct the LTE-A system level platform depend on protocol and theoretical research. Introducing the algorithms such as measurement rules, event trigger, handover and scheduling. Round Robin and Proportional Fair algorithms are emphasized in the scheduling module. The main algorithms and important modules construct the core of the platform, it ensure correctness of the data.
In heterogeneous network system, the station distribution changed after the introduction of low-power node. This changes affect the count of channel interference, handover and resource allocation. The interference between cells and complexity are improved after the introduction of low-power node. The interference caused high handover failure rate, it can be solved by interference coordination solution. To solve the problem of uneven resource allocation, this thesis put forward a load balance method. This method improve the system performance depend on the load of cells and service quality.
In CoMP system, there are several schemes of handover trigger event because every user is serviced by coordinated multi-point. In order to find the best scheme, all information can be use in the coordinated group during the handover. This thesis simulated three scheme under the different handover trigger events. According to analyse simulation results of handover, Ping:Pang handover and throughput to identify the best scheme.
本文介绍了LTE-A技术中异构网和多点协作技术,主要包括：
(1)根据协议规定和理论研究搭建仿真平台,详细介绍仿真平台中的测量规则、事件触发、切换、调度等算法。本文对两种调度算法做重点介绍,分别是轮询调度算法和正比公平调度算法。组成系统平台的主要部分有：网络的拓扑模块、移动性模块、测量模块、反馈和调度模块。主要算法和重点模块构成了仿真平台的核心,保证了数据的准确性。
(2)异构网系统中,由于低功率节点引入改变了原来的基站分布对系统性能造成影响,体现在信道干扰的计算、小区间切换和系统资源分配。低功率节点的引入增加了系统的干扰源也提高了系统的复杂度。干扰的增加使切换失败率提高,通过干扰协调方案来解决此问题。针对资源分配不均的问题提出了负载均衡算法,综合考虑小区的负载和用户服务质量实现资源的均衡分配,提高系统的整体性能。
(3)多点协作系统中每个用户可以有多个服务小区,在进行切换判决时有多种方案。为了找到最佳的切换方案,在切换时需要综合考虑多点协作集合中小区的信息。本文对三种不同判决条件下的切换进行仿真,通过对切换总数、乒乓切换数和系统吞吐量的结果分析,通过对比最后选出一种切换数较少同时系统吞吐量较高的最优方案。
Along with the high user demand of communication service and WiMAX technology develop rapidly. In order to meet this challenges,3GPP began the research of LTE. LTE-A is the further evolution of LTE. In the course of evolution, LTE-A introduced CoMP(Coordinated Multi-point Transmission and Reception), Het-Net (Heterogeneous Network), CA (Carrier Aggregation) and Relay as feature, which can meet the demand of system capacity and user throughput. Het-Net solved the problem of hot point overlap after include low-power node. CoMP improve the system performance via the coordinate of several node, especially the service quality in the cell edge. Nowadays, this technologies has became the hotspot of mobile communication research.
This paper emphasizes Het-Net and CoMP technology of LTE-A. The main contributions are as follows:
Construct the LTE-A system level platform depend on protocol and theoretical research. Introducing the algorithms such as measurement rules, event trigger, handover and scheduling. Round Robin and Proportional Fair algorithms are emphasized in the scheduling module. The main algorithms and important modules construct the core of the platform, it ensure correctness of the data.
In heterogeneous network system, the station distribution changed after the introduction of low-power node. This changes affect the count of channel interference, handover and resource allocation. The interference between cells and complexity are improved after the introduction of low-power node. The interference caused high handover failure rate, it can be solved by interference coordination solution. To solve the problem of uneven resource allocation, this thesis put forward a load balance method. This method improve the system performance depend on the load of cells and service quality.
In CoMP system, there are several schemes of handover trigger event because every user is serviced by coordinated multi-point. In order to find the best scheme, all information can be use in the coordinated group during the handover. This thesis simulated three scheme under the different handover trigger events. According to analyse simulation results of handover, Ping:Pang handover and throughput to identify the best scheme.
引文
[1]王文博,常永宇.移动通信原理与应用[M].北京邮电大学出版社,2005,08
.[2]敖立.宽带接入市场的技术热点[J].现代有线传输,2005,(03),PP：6-9.
[3]李世鹤TD-SCDMA第三代移动通信系统标准[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2003
[4]胡耀,李方伟.LTE及其关键技术介绍[J].广东通信技术,2006,05：9-12
[5]3GPP.TR 25.913 V7.1.0. Requirements for evolved UTRA and evolved UTRAN[S].2005,07
[6].徐丹,周峰,杨大成.4G技术发展与挑战[J].移动通信,2007,(12),pp：39-41.
[7]钱雨3GLTE上行无线资源管理关键技术的研究[D].北京邮电大学,2007.04
[8]Ericsson, R1-082024, A discussion on some technology components for LTE-Advanced [Z],2008.5.
[9]邓勇志,胡正才.LTE上行链路自适应功率控制切换技术[J].《电信科学》,2010,(3)：85-88
[10]王乔.基于LTE系统的调度算法研究[D].西安电子科技大学.2009,3
[11]M.Mecking.Resource Allocation for Fading Multiple-Access Channels with Partial Channel State Information[C].IEEE International Conference on Communications,2002(3):1419-1423
[12]3GPP TR25.814 V7.1.0.Physical layer aspects for evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access(UTRA)(Release 7)[S].2008
[13]3GPP TS36.300V9.2.0.Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN);Overall description;Stage 2(Release 9) [S].2009.06
[14]3GPP RP-090665, Revised SID on LTE-Advanced [Z], Qualcomm. May 2009.
[15]3GPP R1-094246. Inter-cell Radio Resource Management for Heterogeneous Networks[Z]. NTT DOCOMO,2009.10.
[16]刘晶,常永宇.LTE-A系统协作多点传输技术的性能分析和算法研究[J].《现代电信科技》,2010,(2)：85-89
[17]郭静东.LTE-Advanced中CoMP技术研究[D].西安：西安电子科技大学,20[18]金颖妮.基于3GPP LTE的MIMO信道建模与信道测量[D].华东师范大学,2010
[18]3GPP TR 36.213, Evolved universal terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA), physical layer procedures [S].2010.
[19]Gudmundson, M,"Correlation model for shadow fading in mobile radio system",ElectronicsLetters,vol.27,November 7.1991,NO23,PP.2145-2146.
[20]黄友火.移动基站天线及波束赋形天线研究[D].西安电子科技大学.2009
[21]3GPP TS 36.213V9.3.0. Physical layer procedures[S].2010.09.
[22]3GPP TS 36.214V9.2.0. Physical layer Measurements[S].2010.06.
[23]3GPP TR 36.331 V9.0.0. Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) Radio Resource Control (RRC)[R].2010.03.
[24]3GPP TR 36.300 V9.1.0. Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) Overall description Stage 2[R].2010.03.
[25]黄波.TDD-LTE切换过程与参数优化研究[D].西安电子科技大学.2011
[26]3GPP TR 36.300 V9.1.0. Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) Overall description Stage 2[R].2010.03.
[27]Zhao Xinsheng,Wu Xinhua,You Aimin.Preliminary Results of Radio Resource Management for GMC-TDD-xDMA System[A]. In:Wireless World Research Forum.9th WWRF meeting[C], Switzerl-and:Wireless World Research Forum. 2003,09(3):7
[28]王乔.基于LTE系统的调度算法研究[D].西安电子科技大学。2009
[29]3GPP TR36.942 V9.1.0. Radio Frequency (RF) system scenarios[R].2010,09
[30]3GPP TR25.996.V9.0.0. Spatial channel model for Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) simulations[R].2009.12.
[31]3GPP R2-092433. Evaluation model for Rel-8 mobility performance [Z].3GPP TSG RAN WG2 Meeting 65b.2009,03
[32]3GPP TR25.996. V9.0.0. Spatial channel model for Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) si-mulations[R].2009,12
[33]3GPP TS36.214 V9.2.0. Physical layer Measurements[S].2010,06
[34]蔡晓卫.LTE-A中的下行反馈技术研究[D].西安电子科技大学.2011
[35]3GPP R1-091578. Evaluation model for Rel-8 mobility performance[Z].3GPP TSG RAN WG1 meeting 56bits.2009,03
[36]施渊籍,张玉成.3GPP LTE无线链路控制协议研究与系统设计[J].移动通信,2009,(22)：28-32
[37]彭大芹,邓江.LTE终端RRC连接重建过程研究与实现[J].重庆邮电学院学报(自然科学版).2011(3)
[38]陈晨.3GPP LTE系统中用于资源分配的有限反馈方法的研究[D].复旦大学.2009
[39]王乔.基于LTE系统的调度算法研究[D].西安电子科技大学.2009.3.
[40]3GPP R1-094225. DL Performance with Hotzone Cells[Z]. Qualcomm Europe. TSG-RAN WG1 Meeting #58bis.2009.10.
[41]郑侃,汪玲.3G长期演进系统中的混合自动重传请求技术[J].《中兴通讯技术》,2007,(5)：44-47
[42]周伟.异构网络中的移动管理和安全机制研究[D].中国科学技术大学.2009
[43]郭华,肖荣军.TD-LTE异构网络覆盖研究[J].移动通信.2011(16)：35
[44]Liu Guangyi, Zhu Jianchi, Jiang Feng, etc. Initial Performance Evaluation on TD-SCDMA Long Term Evolution System[J],2006 IEEE.63rd Volume 2, Issue,7-10 May 2006, pp:718-722.
[45]3GPP R1-050764. Inter-cell interference handling for E-UTRA[Z]. Ericsson. TSG-RAN WG1 #42.2005.09.
[46]王晓伟.LTE系统的切换技术研究[D].西安电子科技大学.2009.01.
[47]张大鹏.LTE系统中无线资源管理技术的研究[D].北京邮电大学.2010.05.
[48]Boudreau, G. Interference coordination and cancellation for 4G networks[J]. Communications Magazine, IEEE.2009:74-81
[49]谭中一.LTE-A协作多点传输技术研究与仿真[D].北京邮电大学.2012
[50]陈微.LTE-A协作多点传输仿真平台设计实现与资源分配技术研究[D].2012
[51]M. Kaneko, P. Popovski, J. Dahl. Proportional Fairness in Multi-carrier System with Multi-Slot Frames:Upper Bound and User Multiplexing Algorithms[J]. IEEE Transaction on Wireless Communications,2008,7(1),pp:22-26.
[52]Panasonic. R1-090262, Discussion on PUCCH Coordination for UL CoMP[Z], 3GPP TSG RAN WG1 Meeting #55bis,2009.01.
[53]Panasonic. R1-091687, Discussion on PUCCH Coordination for UL CoMP[Z]. 3GPP TSG RAN WG1 Meeting #56,2009.02
.[2]敖立.宽带接入市场的技术热点[J].现代有线传输,2005,(03),PP：6-9.
[3]李世鹤TD-SCDMA第三代移动通信系统标准[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2003
[4]胡耀,李方伟.LTE及其关键技术介绍[J].广东通信技术,2006,05：9-12
[5]3GPP.TR 25.913 V7.1.0. Requirements for evolved UTRA and evolved UTRAN[S].2005,07
[6].徐丹,周峰,杨大成.4G技术发展与挑战[J].移动通信,2007,(12),pp：39-41.
[7]钱雨3GLTE上行无线资源管理关键技术的研究[D].北京邮电大学,2007.04
[8]Ericsson, R1-082024, A discussion on some technology components for LTE-Advanced [Z],2008.5.
[9]邓勇志,胡正才.LTE上行链路自适应功率控制切换技术[J].《电信科学》,2010,(3)：85-88
[10]王乔.基于LTE系统的调度算法研究[D].西安电子科技大学.2009,3
[11]M.Mecking.Resource Allocation for Fading Multiple-Access Channels with Partial Channel State Information[C].IEEE International Conference on Communications,2002(3):1419-1423
[12]3GPP TR25.814 V7.1.0.Physical layer aspects for evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access(UTRA)(Release 7)[S].2008
[13]3GPP TS36.300V9.2.0.Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN);Overall description;Stage 2(Release 9) [S].2009.06
[14]3GPP RP-090665, Revised SID on LTE-Advanced [Z], Qualcomm. May 2009.
[15]3GPP R1-094246. Inter-cell Radio Resource Management for Heterogeneous Networks[Z]. NTT DOCOMO,2009.10.
[16]刘晶,常永宇.LTE-A系统协作多点传输技术的性能分析和算法研究[J].《现代电信科技》,2010,(2)：85-89
[17]郭静东.LTE-Advanced中CoMP技术研究[D].西安：西安电子科技大学,20[18]金颖妮.基于3GPP LTE的MIMO信道建模与信道测量[D].华东师范大学,2010
[18]3GPP TR 36.213, Evolved universal terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA), physical layer procedures [S].2010.
[19]Gudmundson, M,"Correlation model for shadow fading in mobile radio system",ElectronicsLetters,vol.27,November 7.1991,NO23,PP.2145-2146.
[20]黄友火.移动基站天线及波束赋形天线研究[D].西安电子科技大学.2009
[21]3GPP TS 36.213V9.3.0. Physical layer procedures[S].2010.09.
[22]3GPP TS 36.214V9.2.0. Physical layer Measurements[S].2010.06.
[23]3GPP TR 36.331 V9.0.0. Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) Radio Resource Control (RRC)[R].2010.03.
[24]3GPP TR 36.300 V9.1.0. Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) Overall description Stage 2[R].2010.03.
[25]黄波.TDD-LTE切换过程与参数优化研究[D].西安电子科技大学.2011
[26]3GPP TR 36.300 V9.1.0. Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) Overall description Stage 2[R].2010.03.
[27]Zhao Xinsheng,Wu Xinhua,You Aimin.Preliminary Results of Radio Resource Management for GMC-TDD-xDMA System[A]. In:Wireless World Research Forum.9th WWRF meeting[C], Switzerl-and:Wireless World Research Forum. 2003,09(3):7
[28]王乔.基于LTE系统的调度算法研究[D].西安电子科技大学。2009
[29]3GPP TR36.942 V9.1.0. Radio Frequency (RF) system scenarios[R].2010,09
[30]3GPP TR25.996.V9.0.0. Spatial channel model for Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) simulations[R].2009.12.
[31]3GPP R2-092433. Evaluation model for Rel-8 mobility performance [Z].3GPP TSG RAN WG2 Meeting 65b.2009,03
[32]3GPP TR25.996. V9.0.0. Spatial channel model for Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) si-mulations[R].2009,12
[33]3GPP TS36.214 V9.2.0. Physical layer Measurements[S].2010,06
[34]蔡晓卫.LTE-A中的下行反馈技术研究[D].西安电子科技大学.2011
[35]3GPP R1-091578. Evaluation model for Rel-8 mobility performance[Z].3GPP TSG RAN WG1 meeting 56bits.2009,03
[36]施渊籍,张玉成.3GPP LTE无线链路控制协议研究与系统设计[J].移动通信,2009,(22)：28-32
[37]彭大芹,邓江.LTE终端RRC连接重建过程研究与实现[J].重庆邮电学院学报(自然科学版).2011(3)
[38]陈晨.3GPP LTE系统中用于资源分配的有限反馈方法的研究[D].复旦大学.2009
[39]王乔.基于LTE系统的调度算法研究[D].西安电子科技大学.2009.3.
[40]3GPP R1-094225. DL Performance with Hotzone Cells[Z]. Qualcomm Europe. TSG-RAN WG1 Meeting #58bis.2009.10.
[41]郑侃,汪玲.3G长期演进系统中的混合自动重传请求技术[J].《中兴通讯技术》,2007,(5)：44-47
[42]周伟.异构网络中的移动管理和安全机制研究[D].中国科学技术大学.2009
[43]郭华,肖荣军.TD-LTE异构网络覆盖研究[J].移动通信.2011(16)：35
[44]Liu Guangyi, Zhu Jianchi, Jiang Feng, etc. Initial Performance Evaluation on TD-SCDMA Long Term Evolution System[J],2006 IEEE.63rd Volume 2, Issue,7-10 May 2006, pp:718-722.
[45]3GPP R1-050764. Inter-cell interference handling for E-UTRA[Z]. Ericsson. TSG-RAN WG1 #42.2005.09.
[46]王晓伟.LTE系统的切换技术研究[D].西安电子科技大学.2009.01.
[47]张大鹏.LTE系统中无线资源管理技术的研究[D].北京邮电大学.2010.05.
[48]Boudreau, G. Interference coordination and cancellation for 4G networks[J]. Communications Magazine, IEEE.2009:74-81
[49]谭中一.LTE-A协作多点传输技术研究与仿真[D].北京邮电大学.2012
[50]陈微.LTE-A协作多点传输仿真平台设计实现与资源分配技术研究[D].2012
[51]M. Kaneko, P. Popovski, J. Dahl. Proportional Fairness in Multi-carrier System with Multi-Slot Frames:Upper Bound and User Multiplexing Algorithms[J]. IEEE Transaction on Wireless Communications,2008,7(1),pp:22-26.
[52]Panasonic. R1-090262, Discussion on PUCCH Coordination for UL CoMP[Z], 3GPP TSG RAN WG1 Meeting #55bis,2009.01.
[53]Panasonic. R1-091687, Discussion on PUCCH Coordination for UL CoMP[Z]. 3GPP TSG RAN WG1 Meeting #56,2009.02