数字水印在印刷品防伪技术中的应用
摘要
随着信息技术的发展,高精度彩色喷墨激光打印机和高精度扫描仪得到广泛的应用,票据、证件、货币以及产品外包装等印刷品的篡改和伪造变得非常容易。因此需要一种新的印刷品防伪技术来解决印刷品的伪造篡改问题。
抵抗打印和扫描过程对图像的攻击是印刷品数字水印技术的关键,本文首先介绍了打印机和扫描仪的工作原理及其机械特性,分析了打印和扫描过程对图片质量的影响,在此基础上研究了应用于印刷品防伪的数字水印算法。
通过对数字水印、小波分析、混沌置乱和模糊积分融合理论的深入探讨,本文研究了一种基于模糊积分融合的小波域印刷品数字水印算法,该算法具有很好的鲁棒性,能够抵抗打印扫描过程的攻击。置乱算法具有良好的安全性和置乱效果,因此首先通过混沌置乱对水印图像进行加密,该方法将混沌序列的初始值作为置乱的密钥;然后对载体图像进行小波变换,选择在小波域的低频系数和高频系数中嵌入加密的水印图像;水印提取时对待检测图像进行小波变换,比较原始水印图像和待检测图像的小波低频系数和高频系数得到不同分量所含有的水印信息,通过模糊积分融合策略得到最终的加密水印,最后利用混沌置乱解密算法还原水印信息。
本文的最后对数字水印技术未来的研究方向进行了展望,期待着越来越多的水印算法出现。
With the development of information technology, the high accuracy color ink-jet laser printer and high precision scanners are widely used, the manipulation and falsification of presswork such as bill, certificates, currency and product outer package is easier than before. Therefore, we need a new presswork anti-counterfeiting technology to solve the problem of manipulation and falsification.
Resisting attack on image during the process of print and scan is the key to print digital watermarking technology. This paper firstly introduces the working principle and mechanical characteristics of printer and scanner, analyses the influence of print and scan to the picture quality, and on this basis, to research the presswork anti-counterfeiting watermarking algorithm.
Through further study on the digital watermarking, wavelet analysis theory, chaotic scrambling theory and fuzzy integral integration theory, this paper puts forward a kind of wavelet domain presswork digital watermarking algorithm based on fuzzy integral fusion, which has good robustness, and can resist the attack during the process of print and scan. Hashing algorithm has good safety and scrambling effect, therefore, we firstly encrypt the watermark image through the chaos of scrambling, which will take the initial value of chaotic sequence as the scrambling key; Then we carry out wavelet transform to the carrier image, choose to embed watermark image encryption in low-frequency coefficients and high frequency coefficients of wavelet transform domain; carry out wavelet transform to the images to be detected when extracting watermark; compare the wavelet low-frequency coefficients and high frequency coefficients of original watermark image and images to be detected and get watermark information of different components, get the ultimate encryption watermark through fuzzy integral fusion strategy, and finally, using the chaotic scrambling watermark declassified algorithm to restore the watermark information.
At the end of this paper, we prospect the future research direction of the digital watermarking technique, and look forward to more and more watermarking algorithms.
抵抗打印和扫描过程对图像的攻击是印刷品数字水印技术的关键,本文首先介绍了打印机和扫描仪的工作原理及其机械特性,分析了打印和扫描过程对图片质量的影响,在此基础上研究了应用于印刷品防伪的数字水印算法。
通过对数字水印、小波分析、混沌置乱和模糊积分融合理论的深入探讨,本文研究了一种基于模糊积分融合的小波域印刷品数字水印算法,该算法具有很好的鲁棒性,能够抵抗打印扫描过程的攻击。置乱算法具有良好的安全性和置乱效果,因此首先通过混沌置乱对水印图像进行加密,该方法将混沌序列的初始值作为置乱的密钥;然后对载体图像进行小波变换,选择在小波域的低频系数和高频系数中嵌入加密的水印图像;水印提取时对待检测图像进行小波变换,比较原始水印图像和待检测图像的小波低频系数和高频系数得到不同分量所含有的水印信息,通过模糊积分融合策略得到最终的加密水印,最后利用混沌置乱解密算法还原水印信息。
本文的最后对数字水印技术未来的研究方向进行了展望,期待着越来越多的水印算法出现。
With the development of information technology, the high accuracy color ink-jet laser printer and high precision scanners are widely used, the manipulation and falsification of presswork such as bill, certificates, currency and product outer package is easier than before. Therefore, we need a new presswork anti-counterfeiting technology to solve the problem of manipulation and falsification.
Resisting attack on image during the process of print and scan is the key to print digital watermarking technology. This paper firstly introduces the working principle and mechanical characteristics of printer and scanner, analyses the influence of print and scan to the picture quality, and on this basis, to research the presswork anti-counterfeiting watermarking algorithm.
Through further study on the digital watermarking, wavelet analysis theory, chaotic scrambling theory and fuzzy integral integration theory, this paper puts forward a kind of wavelet domain presswork digital watermarking algorithm based on fuzzy integral fusion, which has good robustness, and can resist the attack during the process of print and scan. Hashing algorithm has good safety and scrambling effect, therefore, we firstly encrypt the watermark image through the chaos of scrambling, which will take the initial value of chaotic sequence as the scrambling key; Then we carry out wavelet transform to the carrier image, choose to embed watermark image encryption in low-frequency coefficients and high frequency coefficients of wavelet transform domain; carry out wavelet transform to the images to be detected when extracting watermark; compare the wavelet low-frequency coefficients and high frequency coefficients of original watermark image and images to be detected and get watermark information of different components, get the ultimate encryption watermark through fuzzy integral fusion strategy, and finally, using the chaotic scrambling watermark declassified algorithm to restore the watermark information.
At the end of this paper, we prospect the future research direction of the digital watermarking technique, and look forward to more and more watermarking algorithms.
引文
[1]朱晓冬.数字水印技术的研究[D].吉林大学,2004.
[2]张小华.基于数字水印的图像认证技术研究[D].西安电子科技大学,2004.
[3]张逸新.防伪印刷原理与工艺[M].化学工业出版社,2004:25-33.
[4]张丽强.印刷图像数字水印技术研究[D].国防科技大学硕士学位论.2005:5-15
[5]杨兴江.静态图像水印算法研究[D].西南交通大学,2005.
[6]吴柏燕.空间数据水印技术的研究与开发[D].武汉大学,2010.
[7]张静,张春田.能抗打印-扫描过程的数字图像水印算法.全国第三届信息隐藏学术研讨会论文集[C].机械工业出版社,2001:151-157.
[8] D Gueluy,B Macq,,D Delannay,A Print and Scan Optimized Watermarking Scheme[A].IEEE Transaction on Image Processing,2001:511-515.
[9] Kaushal Solanki,Upamanyu Madhow,Banglore S Manjunath.Modeling the Print-Scan Process for Resilient Data Hiding[J].Proceedings of IS&T/SPIE's 17th Annual Symposium on Electronic Imaging Science and Technology,2005,5681:418-428.
[10] Chiou-Ting Hsu,Ja-Ling Wu.Hidden Digital Watermark in Imag.IEEE Transactions On Image Processing,ANUARY 1999,8(1):58-68.
[11]邢桂华.数字水印关键技术研究[D].南京航空航天大学,2009.
[12]边杏宾.数字水印技术及应用研究[D].电子科技大学,2009.
[13]李明真.基于变换域的数字水印技术的研究[D].华南师范大学,2005.
[14]陈海永.DCT域图像水印算法的研究[D].哈尔滨理工大学,2005.
[15]向华.基于小波变换的鲁棒水印算法研究[D].华中科技大学,2005.
[16]周国瑞.小波与数字水印理论及应用研究[D].电子科技大学,2010.
[17]韩雪涛,吴瑛编著.图解打印机/扫描仪原理与维修[M].人民邮电出版社,2003:55-74,201-213.
[18] Thrasyvoulos N Pappas , David L Neuhoff . Printer Models and Error Diffusion[A].IEEE Transaction on Image Processing,1995,4(1):66-80.
[19] Thrasyvoulos N Pappas.Printer models and color half toning[A].Proceedings of,IEEE International Conference on Acoustics , Speech and Signal Processing[C].1993,(5):333-336.
[20]石教英,彭群生等译.计算机图形学的算法基础[M].机械工业出版社,2002,第一版:1-10,484-485.
[21]潘文林,刘慧洁等译.扫描与半色调处理[M]清华大学出版社,2000,第一版:3-32,57-98.
[22]彭国福,林正浩.图像处理中GAMMA校正的研究和实现[J].电子工程师,2006,(02):30-36.
[23]张磊研究串编著.扫描仪实战演练[M].人民邮电出版社,2003,第一版:1-72.
[24]张丽强.印刷图像数字水印技术研究[D].国防科技大学硕士学位论.2005:5-15.
[25]乔小燕.基于空域的信息隐藏及检测研究[D].南京理工大学,2006.
[26]贺新颖,王剑钢.基于小波技术的数字水印方法研究及应用[J].气象水文海洋仪器,2010,(02).
[27]范国华,丁仁源,杜哲明.基于MATLAB的数字水印系统的设计与开发[J].信息系统工程,2010,(06).
[28]张森,程秋云,司应硕.一种基于DWT的自适应图像数字水印算法[J].软件导刊,2010,(07).
[29] Ruanaidh J J K O,Pun T,Joseph J K,Dowling W J.Rotation.Scale and Translation Invariant Spread Spectrum Digital Image Watermarking.Signal Processing,1998,66(3) :303-317.
[30]董彬.基于小波变换的数字水印方法研究[D].北京化工大学,2006.
[31]李斌.基于小波的数字水印算法设计与实现[D].电子科技大学,2007.
[32]付炜,景源,孟娟,林春雨.基于小波包分解的自适应数字水印嵌入算法[J].计算机工程与应用,2005,(06).
[33]高守平.数字图像的置乱技术[J].郴州师范高等专科学校学报,2002,(02).
[34]赵晓宇.图像加密技术及其安全性估计[D].浙江大学,2003.
[35]赵慧.n维Arnold变换及其周期性[J].北方工业大学学报,2002,(01).
[36]夏宇.基于混沌的数字水印算法研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学,2007.
[37]任晓莉.基于混沌序列的数字图像加密[J].宝鸡文理学院学报(自然科学版),2009,(01).
[38]孙亚伟.基于小波和混沌的数字水印技术研究[D].燕山大学,2004.
[39]刘晓明.小波域基于混沌的图像水印算法研究[D].浙江大学,2006.
[40] Longjiang Yu , XiamuNiu , Shenghe Sun . Print-and-scan model and the watermarking countermeasure[J].Image and Vision Computing,2005,23(9):807-814.
[41]舒南飞.抗打印扫描数字水印算法设计与研究[D].北京邮电大学,2010.
[42] D Gueluy,B Macq,D Delannay.A Print and Scan Optimized Watermarking Scheme.IEEE Transaction on Image Processing,2001:511-515.
[43]侯帅,韩中庚,黄洁,于俊杰.基于Sugeno模糊积分的多分类器融合方法在多属性决策中的应用[J].信息工程大学学报,2010,(01):43-52.
[44]段宝彬.Sugeno模糊积分综合评价方法的改进[J].统计与决策,2007,(19):78-89.
[45] Chen C -B,Lin C -T,Wang C -H.Model for measuring quality of software in DVRS using the gap concept and fuzzy schemes with GA.Information and Software Technology,2006,48 (3):187-203.
[2]张小华.基于数字水印的图像认证技术研究[D].西安电子科技大学,2004.
[3]张逸新.防伪印刷原理与工艺[M].化学工业出版社,2004:25-33.
[4]张丽强.印刷图像数字水印技术研究[D].国防科技大学硕士学位论.2005:5-15
[5]杨兴江.静态图像水印算法研究[D].西南交通大学,2005.
[6]吴柏燕.空间数据水印技术的研究与开发[D].武汉大学,2010.
[7]张静,张春田.能抗打印-扫描过程的数字图像水印算法.全国第三届信息隐藏学术研讨会论文集[C].机械工业出版社,2001:151-157.
[8] D Gueluy,B Macq,,D Delannay,A Print and Scan Optimized Watermarking Scheme[A].IEEE Transaction on Image Processing,2001:511-515.
[9] Kaushal Solanki,Upamanyu Madhow,Banglore S Manjunath.Modeling the Print-Scan Process for Resilient Data Hiding[J].Proceedings of IS&T/SPIE's 17th Annual Symposium on Electronic Imaging Science and Technology,2005,5681:418-428.
[10] Chiou-Ting Hsu,Ja-Ling Wu.Hidden Digital Watermark in Imag.IEEE Transactions On Image Processing,ANUARY 1999,8(1):58-68.
[11]邢桂华.数字水印关键技术研究[D].南京航空航天大学,2009.
[12]边杏宾.数字水印技术及应用研究[D].电子科技大学,2009.
[13]李明真.基于变换域的数字水印技术的研究[D].华南师范大学,2005.
[14]陈海永.DCT域图像水印算法的研究[D].哈尔滨理工大学,2005.
[15]向华.基于小波变换的鲁棒水印算法研究[D].华中科技大学,2005.
[16]周国瑞.小波与数字水印理论及应用研究[D].电子科技大学,2010.
[17]韩雪涛,吴瑛编著.图解打印机/扫描仪原理与维修[M].人民邮电出版社,2003:55-74,201-213.
[18] Thrasyvoulos N Pappas , David L Neuhoff . Printer Models and Error Diffusion[A].IEEE Transaction on Image Processing,1995,4(1):66-80.
[19] Thrasyvoulos N Pappas.Printer models and color half toning[A].Proceedings of,IEEE International Conference on Acoustics , Speech and Signal Processing[C].1993,(5):333-336.
[20]石教英,彭群生等译.计算机图形学的算法基础[M].机械工业出版社,2002,第一版:1-10,484-485.
[21]潘文林,刘慧洁等译.扫描与半色调处理[M]清华大学出版社,2000,第一版:3-32,57-98.
[22]彭国福,林正浩.图像处理中GAMMA校正的研究和实现[J].电子工程师,2006,(02):30-36.
[23]张磊研究串编著.扫描仪实战演练[M].人民邮电出版社,2003,第一版:1-72.
[24]张丽强.印刷图像数字水印技术研究[D].国防科技大学硕士学位论.2005:5-15.
[25]乔小燕.基于空域的信息隐藏及检测研究[D].南京理工大学,2006.
[26]贺新颖,王剑钢.基于小波技术的数字水印方法研究及应用[J].气象水文海洋仪器,2010,(02).
[27]范国华,丁仁源,杜哲明.基于MATLAB的数字水印系统的设计与开发[J].信息系统工程,2010,(06).
[28]张森,程秋云,司应硕.一种基于DWT的自适应图像数字水印算法[J].软件导刊,2010,(07).
[29] Ruanaidh J J K O,Pun T,Joseph J K,Dowling W J.Rotation.Scale and Translation Invariant Spread Spectrum Digital Image Watermarking.Signal Processing,1998,66(3) :303-317.
[30]董彬.基于小波变换的数字水印方法研究[D].北京化工大学,2006.
[31]李斌.基于小波的数字水印算法设计与实现[D].电子科技大学,2007.
[32]付炜,景源,孟娟,林春雨.基于小波包分解的自适应数字水印嵌入算法[J].计算机工程与应用,2005,(06).
[33]高守平.数字图像的置乱技术[J].郴州师范高等专科学校学报,2002,(02).
[34]赵晓宇.图像加密技术及其安全性估计[D].浙江大学,2003.
[35]赵慧.n维Arnold变换及其周期性[J].北方工业大学学报,2002,(01).
[36]夏宇.基于混沌的数字水印算法研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学,2007.
[37]任晓莉.基于混沌序列的数字图像加密[J].宝鸡文理学院学报(自然科学版),2009,(01).
[38]孙亚伟.基于小波和混沌的数字水印技术研究[D].燕山大学,2004.
[39]刘晓明.小波域基于混沌的图像水印算法研究[D].浙江大学,2006.
[40] Longjiang Yu , XiamuNiu , Shenghe Sun . Print-and-scan model and the watermarking countermeasure[J].Image and Vision Computing,2005,23(9):807-814.
[41]舒南飞.抗打印扫描数字水印算法设计与研究[D].北京邮电大学,2010.
[42] D Gueluy,B Macq,D Delannay.A Print and Scan Optimized Watermarking Scheme.IEEE Transaction on Image Processing,2001:511-515.
[43]侯帅,韩中庚,黄洁,于俊杰.基于Sugeno模糊积分的多分类器融合方法在多属性决策中的应用[J].信息工程大学学报,2010,(01):43-52.
[44]段宝彬.Sugeno模糊积分综合评价方法的改进[J].统计与决策,2007,(19):78-89.
[45] Chen C -B,Lin C -T,Wang C -H.Model for measuring quality of software in DVRS using the gap concept and fuzzy schemes with GA.Information and Software Technology,2006,48 (3):187-203.